*Comp Review Microbiology

What would a micrometer be approximately equal to?

1/25000 of an inch.

What is the temperature usually generated by an autoclave?

120°C.

Formalin is a mixture of what percentage formaldehyde gas by weight in water?

37%.

What type of immunity due to vaccines bring about?

Active.

What is an infection which occurs with rapid onset and short course?

Acute infection.

What is an infection which has a relatively short and severe course?

Acute.

What are the antibodies that cause the clumping of the antigenic substances?

Agglutinins.

Which of the following describes antibodies that inactivate inundating bacterial cells by causing the cells to form clumps?

Agglutinins.

Which of the following are mechanical body defenses? Intact skin, mucous membrane, cilia

All

Substances produced by body cells to combat foreign proteins into the living body are known by which of the following terms?

Antibodies.

What inhabits bacterial growth and reproduction without necessarily destroying the organisms?

Antiseptic.

What is the serum derived from an animal that has been immunized to an infectious disease and is used to confer immunity to others including humans?

Antiserum.

The ultraviolet rays contained in direct sunlight can be described by which of the following statements?

Are bacteriocidal.

What type of acquired immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum?

Artificially acquired passive.

Vibrio cholerare are bacteria responsible for which of the following infections?

Asiatic cholera.

What is the self-digestion of tissue by enzymes of their own formation?

Autolysis.

What type of bacteria prefer inorganic material as their source of nutrition?

Autotrophic.

Which of the following has the characteristic spore formation?

Bacilli.

Which of the following is the only bacteria which forms spores?

Bacilli.

What is a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood but are not multiplying there?

Bacteremia.

What is the presence of bacteria in the blood with no noticeable growth or reproduction?

Bacteremia.

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla are shapes of what type of organisms?

Bacteria.

Tuberculosis is an example of which of the following diseases?

Bacterial disease.

How do bacteria usually reproduce?

Binary fission.

Which of the following is not a mode of direct disease transmission?

Biological vectors.

Many bacteria possess a thick colorless gelatinous outer covering known by which of the following terms?

Capsule.

Which of the following chemical disinfectants is not a halogen compound?

Carbolic acid.

Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by which of the following types of organisms?

Chlamydiae.

What type of infection is one which has a relatively slow onset and long duration?

Chronic.

Gas gangrene in the living bodies and its counterpart in dead bodies called tissue gas is caused by which of the following organisms?

Clostridium perfringens.

Which of the following organisms is an exotoxin producer?

Clostridium perfringens.

What are those bacteria that are spherical in shape?

Cocci.

What is primarily bacteriostatic in its action?

Cold.

What is a visible mass of bacterial growth resulting from the reproduction of a single cell?

Colony.

What is a term which may be used to describe the presence of true pathogens on the skin or on inanimate objects?

Contamination.

The destruction of all pathogens and their products is known as which of the following terms?

Disinfection.

How is the common cold transmitted?

Droplet infection.

How do the organisms responsible for the infection epidemic meningitis exit from the host?

Droplet spray.

Which of the following is a mode of direct disease transmission?

Droplet spray.

What is a communicable disease which is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree within a community?

Endemic.

What is an enzyme that is produced in a bacterial cell and retained inside the cell?

Endoenzyme.

What is an infection which is caused by organisms already present in the body is best described as?

Endogenous.

What are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released only when the bacterial cells die and disintegrate?

Endotoxins.

What are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released into the surrounding medium by the living cells?

Exotoxins.

The bacteria that grow and reproduce best in the presence of oxygen you can also grow and reproduce in its absence is known as which of the following bacteria?

Facultative anaerobes.

What is the most widely applicable and effective sterilizing agent?

Filtration.

What is an agent which liberates gases or fumes for the purpose of destruction of insects and microorganisms?

Fumigant.

Ringworm arises from which of the following situations?

Fungal infection.

Mycology is the study of which of the following types of organisms?

Fungi.

An agent which destroys yeasts and molds is known as which of the following terms?

Fungicide.

What is ringworm caused by?

Fungus. Pg 411

What are substances produced by bacterial cells which destroy red blood cells?

Hemolysins.

Filamentous structures of molds are referred to by which of the following terms?

Hyphae.

How is the action of a chemical disinfectant affected by an increase in temperature?

Increased.

How does the presence of a capsule affect a bacterium?

Increasing virulence.

What can be defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms with subsequent multiplication and disease production?

Infection.

What is the term that refers to the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites?

Infestation.

What type of transmission is primarily responsible for infections caused by members of the genus salmonella?

Ingestion.

Epidemic typhus fevers are transmitted by which of the following mechanisms?

Lice.

What is an infection which remains confined to a particular part of the body?

Local.

What is the highest temperature at which growth for a species will take place?

Maximum temperature.

What are the bacteria that grow best at a relatively moderate temperature?

Mesophilic bacteria.

What is the study of all one celled microorganisms?

Microbiology.

What is the lowest temperature at which growth for a species will take place?

Minimum temperature.

Which of the following is a virus primarily of man?

Mumps.

Which of the following organisms contains a high lipid content of the cell wall which renders it resistant to destruction?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

What is the study of true fungi?

Mycology.

What type of immunity is the result of placental transfer of antibodies?

Natural acquired passive.

What is the genus of bacteria that causes the infection ophthalmia neonatorum?

Neisseria.

What is another term for cell eukaryotic membrane?

Nuclear membrane.

The prefix "staphylo" refers to an organism's tendency to do which of the following?

Occur in grape-like clusters.

What is a communicable disease that has spread to more than one country?

Pandemic.

How do Rickettsia grow?

Parasites.

Which of the following is used as a standard to measure the efficiency of chemical disinfectants?

Phenol.

What virus attacks the respiratory tract?

Pneumotrophic.

What is an infection that occurs in an individual who has no other active infections?

Primary.

Bacteria can be described by which of the following terms?

Prokaryotic.

Malaria is caused by what type of organism?

Protozoa.

Which of the following is caused by Rickettsia?

Q fever.

The respiratory tract is the primary portal of entry for all of the following virus diseases except which of the following diseases?

Rabies.

Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for which of the following infectious diseases?

Rheumatic fever.

How is Q fever caused?

Rickettsia.

How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever caused?

Rickettsia.

The causative agent of typhus fever is which of the following types of organisms?

Rickettsia.

What type of infection of the blood would show actual growth and multiplication of pathogen in the blood?

Septicemia.

What are spore forming bacteria under favorable conditions?

Sponulating.

What are those spore forming bacteria that currently contain spores?

Sporulating.

Lockjaw is the common name for which of the following diseases?

Tetanus.

What are those bacteria that grow best at a relatively high temperature?

Thermophilic bacteria.

Which of the following is applicable for cultivation of viruses?

Tissue culture.

What is the causative agent for the infection syphilis?

Treponema pallidum.

Which of the following is another name for rabbit fever?

Tularemia.

Which of the following diseases is not a viral disease?

Typhus fever.

How may protozoa be classified?

Unicellular.

Spore formation occurs in response to which of the following situations?

Unsuitable living conditions.

What is the causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease but will still promote the production of antibodies?

Vaccine.

Immunity to which of the following diseases can result from vaccination with cowpox virus?

Variola.

Antibiotics have thus far been ineffective against most varieties or types of organisms?

Viruses.

Pertussis is a disease that is commonly known by which of the following terms?

Whooping cough.

What are the eukaryotic true fungi that reproduce by budding?

Yeasts.