Comparative Religion (Islam)

Hijra

It is Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) in 622 AD.

Umma

The word Ummah refers to "the people" in Arabic, more specifically to Muslim people with a common ideology and culture. "Ummah" is also said in the Quran by Allah referring to Muslims. It is more commonly used in Islamic countries

Prayer times of day

-pray 5 times a day -The Early Morning Prayer (Salatu-l-Fajr), which may be offered any time after the dawn and before, a total period of about two hours. The Noon Prayer (Salatu-z-Zuhr). This prayer may be offered anytime after the sun begins to decline from its Zenith until it is about midway on its course to setting. For example, if the sun sets at 7:00 p.m. the prayer time begins a little after 12:00 noon and continues until a little after 3:30 p.m. Soon after that the time of the next prayer begins. However, there are accurate calendars telling the time of each prayer. But if there is none available, one must resort to one's best judgment. The Mid-Afternoon prayer (Salatu-l-Asr), which begins right after the expiration of the Noon prayer time and extends to sunset. The sunset prayer (Salatu-l-Maghrib). The time of this prayer begins immediately after sunset and extends till the red glow in the western horizon disappears. Normally it extends over a period of one hour and twenty to thirty minutes. The Evening prayer (Salatu-l-Isha), which begins after the red glow in the western horizon disappears (nearly one hour and thirty minutes after sunset) and continues till a before the dawn.

Latin America population

1,752,000

5 Pillars of Islam

1. Shahada (The Profession of Faith, there is no other god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger) 2. Salat (prayer, five times a day, facing the Kaaba) 3. Zakat (alms giving, Muslims have to give 2.5% of their wealth to charity, donation of wealth) 4. Sawn (The fast of Ramadan, cannot eat from sunrise to sunset) 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca, required once in your life)

Population Worldwide

1.2 Billion

Europe population

32,117,000

Africa Population

344,920,000

Northern America

4,828,000 (US 4,132,000)

Life of Muhammad (year of death)

632 CE

Oceania population

725,000

Asia population

869,880,000

Abraham

Abraham in Islam. Abraham is called Ibrahim by Muslims. They see him as the father of the Arab people as well as the Jewish people through his two sons, Isaac and Ishmael (Isma'il in Arabic)

Core beliefs

Belief in Allah as the one and only god, belief in angels, belief in the holy books, belief in the prophets, belief in the day of judgement, belief in predestination

Khadijah

Daughter of Abu Bakr, wife of the Prophet Muhammad

First converts to Islam

His wife Khadijah, Ali, Zayd, and Abu Bakr

Mosque/Masjid

Holy place of worship for Muslims

Mutah

It is a fixed temporary marriage

Jihad (limits)

It is not jihad if it forces people to convert to Islam, to conquer other nations to colonize them, take territory for economic gain, settle disputes, demonstrate a leader's powers

Al-Hijra

It is the Islamic new year and is the first day of the month of Muhammad. It marks the Hijra in 622 CE when the prophet Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina and established the first Islamic State

Abu Bakr

Khadijah's father, caliph

Sacred cities of Islam

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

Life of Muhammad (birthplace)

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Battle of the Ditch

Medina was surrounded by mountains on thee sides so they dug a huge ditch so the soldiers could not get in

Battle of Badr

Muslims defeated the Meccans

Night journeys

People use to go out at night and walk around trying to "find" themselves

Jihad (purposes)

Self defense, strengthening Islam, protecting the freedom of Muslims to practice their faith, protecting Muslims against oppression, which could include overthrowing a tyrannical ruler, punishing and enemy who breaks an oath, putting right a wrong

Taqiyah

Taqiyya holds a central place in Twelver Shi'a Islam. This is sometimes explained by the minority position Shi'ites had under the political dominance of Sunni Muslims, requiring them to protect themselves through concealment and dissimulation.

Lailat-ul Bara'h (night of forgiveness)

The 15th night of Shabaan and takes place two weeks before Ramadan. It is a time in which Muslims seek forgiveness for their sins and believe that on this night ones destiny is fixed for the year ahead

Eid ul Fitr

The first Eid celebrated in 624 CE by Muhammad with his friends and relatives after the victory at the battle of Badr. Muslims are celebrating the end of fasting and thanking Allah for the help and strength that he gave them throughout the previous month to help them practice self control

Sunni

The group now known as Sunnis chose Abu Bakr, the prophet's adviser, to become the first successor, or caliph, to lead the Muslim state. Shiites favored Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. Ali and his successors are called imams, who not only lead the Shiites but are considered to be descendants of Muhammad.

Minaret

The minaret then, is a tall, slender tower that is a significant feature of every mosque, and is one of the earliest characteristics of Islamic architecture. It is surrounded by one or more projecting galleries from where the muezzin, the person who chants the call for prayer, announces the prayer to worshippers

Muhajirun

The people that migrated from Mecca to Yathrib in 622

Life of Muhammad (who raise him)

Up to the age of eight, he was raised by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib because Abdallah, his father, died in Yathrib a few weeks before Muhammad was born. Amina, his mother, died when he was six. After the death of his grandfather, his uncle Abu Talib then assumed responsibility for raising Muhammad.

Life of Muhammad (revelations)

While he was meditating in a cave on Mt. Hira the angel Gabriel confronted him and delivered a message form God, the angel gave him a scroll and commanded him to read it

Ka'ba (Kaaba)

a cube-shaped building in Mecca, the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine, into which is built the black stone believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham. Muslims turn in its direction when praying

Hijab/burqa

a head covering worn in public by some Muslim women/a long, loose garment covering the whole body from head to feet, worn in public by many Muslim women

Muezzin

a man who calls Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque.

Halal

denoting or relating to meat prepared as prescribed by Muslim law. "halal butchers"

Haraam

forbidden or proscribed by Islamic law.

Lailat al Qadr (night of power)

in Islamic belief the night when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the prophet Muhammad

Sawm

is an Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. In the terminology of Islamic law, sawm means to abstain from eating and drinking during daylight hours.

Sharia law

means the moral code and religious law of a prophetic religion.

Zakat

obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes.

Qur'an

the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. The Koran consists of 114 units of varying lengths, known as suras ; the first sura is said as part of the ritual prayer. These touch upon all aspects of human existence, including matters of doctrine, social organization, and legislation.

Hajj

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

Shahada

the Muslim profession of faith ("there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah").

Shia

the Muslims of the branch of Islam comprising sects believing in Ali and the Imams as the only rightful successors of Muhammad and in the concealment and messianic return of the last recognized Imam — compare sunni

Ramadan

the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset.

Islam (meaning)

the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah

Salat

the ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily in a set form.

Treaty of Hudayviyya

was an important event that took place during the formation of Islam. It was a pivotal treaty between Muhammad, representing the state of Medina, and the Quraish tribe of Mecca in March 628 (corresponding to Dhu al-Qi'dah, 6 AH).

Constitution of Medina

was drafted by the Islamic prophet Muhammad shortly after his arrival at Medina (or Yathrib) in 622 CE,[1] following the Hijra from Mecca. The charter constituted an agreement between the various Muslim (Muhajirun and Ansar), Jewish, pagan, and Christian groups in Medina, declaring them to constitute ummah wāḥidah (one community), and formed the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state in Medina