Computer 10: What is Programming?

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programming language

A set of words, codes, and symbols that allow a programmer to give instructions to a computer.

third-generation language

C, C++, and Java

control structure

Directs the order by which the program instructions are executed.

pretest loop

Evaluates the condition before executing the statements inside the loop

natural language

Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury

fourth-generation language

SQL and progress 4GL

computer program

a collection of instructions

objects

a problem will be broken down into a number of units and these units are called

sequence structure

a program logic that directs the computer to execute one instruction after the other

compiler

a program used to convert a source program into machine language and then executes the machine language instructions

inheritance

a programming concept that describes the object capabilty to acquire the properties of another object

encapsulation

a programming mechanism that binds together the code and the data that it manipulates

object-oriented programming

a programming standard that uses object to design computer programs

query

a request that enables the users or programmers to retrieve information from a database

algorithm

a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem

high-level language

a type of programming language that can run in different types of computer

assembly language

a type of programming language that uses mnemonics

selection structure

aka decision structure, allows the program to make decision or comparison and then select one of two paths of action based on the result of the condition

repetition control structure

aka iteration or looping structure, directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met

machine language

also known as first generation language

condition

an expression that combines literals, variables, functions, and operators that can be evaluated as either true or false

computer

can be defined as an electronic device capable of accepting and manipulating data into information under the control of programs stored in its memory

object

can be defined as an instance of a class where attributes and methods are placed under a single name

fourth-generation language

commonly used to create programs that allow the user to work with databases and queries. uses English like statements as instructions

interface

component of the program that interacts with the user

application software

consists of programs designed to perform a specific task or application

system software

consists of programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices

attributes

data elements in the object

programming paradigm

defined as a style of programming

class

defined as the model or template that can be instantiated to create an object

posttest loop

executes statement inside the loop before testing the condition

software

is a collection of programs that tell the computer what actions to perform and direct the computer how to perform each action

structured programming

is defined as a programming paradigm that enforces the use of logical structures in writing program code

machine language

it is the only language that the computer directly understands

polymorphism

meaning "many forms", it is the ability of objects of different types to respond to methods of the same name, each one according to the right type specific behavior

mnemonics

meaningful abbreviations of computer instructions

natural language

often called as fifth-generation language

dead codes

program codes that the program will not execute

source program

program containing the assembly language codes

natural language

programming language based around solving problems using constraints given ton the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer

third-generation language

programming languages that are written as a series of English-like words

low-level languages

programming languages used to create programs that run in one particular computer

Program Development Life Cycle

series of steps which ensure that the program will properly function and produce the required results

method

the procedure or function

programming

the process of designing, writing and testing programs

source program

third generation language code

designing the interface

this stage involves selecting and organizing the elements of the user interface

designing the solution

this stage involves the process of designing the algorithm of the program

testing the program

this stage involves the process of detecting and eliminating errors in the program

analyzing the program requirements

this stage involves the process of gathering information in order to identify the specifications of a program

coding the solution

this stage involves the process of translating the algorithm into the program codes of the selected programming language and entering the program codes into the computer

maintaining the program

this stage involves the process of updating the program code in order for the program to become continually useful

documenting the program

this stage involves the task of reviewing the program code to identify all the dead codes

fifth-generation language

uses type of query language allowing the user to enter requests that resembles human speech

assembler

utility program used to translate an assembly language program to machine language


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