Computer 10: What is Programming?
programming language
A set of words, codes, and symbols that allow a programmer to give instructions to a computer.
third-generation language
C, C++, and Java
control structure
Directs the order by which the program instructions are executed.
pretest loop
Evaluates the condition before executing the statements inside the loop
natural language
Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury
fourth-generation language
SQL and progress 4GL
computer program
a collection of instructions
objects
a problem will be broken down into a number of units and these units are called
sequence structure
a program logic that directs the computer to execute one instruction after the other
compiler
a program used to convert a source program into machine language and then executes the machine language instructions
inheritance
a programming concept that describes the object capabilty to acquire the properties of another object
encapsulation
a programming mechanism that binds together the code and the data that it manipulates
object-oriented programming
a programming standard that uses object to design computer programs
query
a request that enables the users or programmers to retrieve information from a database
algorithm
a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem
high-level language
a type of programming language that can run in different types of computer
assembly language
a type of programming language that uses mnemonics
selection structure
aka decision structure, allows the program to make decision or comparison and then select one of two paths of action based on the result of the condition
repetition control structure
aka iteration or looping structure, directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met
machine language
also known as first generation language
condition
an expression that combines literals, variables, functions, and operators that can be evaluated as either true or false
computer
can be defined as an electronic device capable of accepting and manipulating data into information under the control of programs stored in its memory
object
can be defined as an instance of a class where attributes and methods are placed under a single name
fourth-generation language
commonly used to create programs that allow the user to work with databases and queries. uses English like statements as instructions
interface
component of the program that interacts with the user
application software
consists of programs designed to perform a specific task or application
system software
consists of programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices
attributes
data elements in the object
programming paradigm
defined as a style of programming
class
defined as the model or template that can be instantiated to create an object
posttest loop
executes statement inside the loop before testing the condition
software
is a collection of programs that tell the computer what actions to perform and direct the computer how to perform each action
structured programming
is defined as a programming paradigm that enforces the use of logical structures in writing program code
machine language
it is the only language that the computer directly understands
polymorphism
meaning "many forms", it is the ability of objects of different types to respond to methods of the same name, each one according to the right type specific behavior
mnemonics
meaningful abbreviations of computer instructions
natural language
often called as fifth-generation language
dead codes
program codes that the program will not execute
source program
program containing the assembly language codes
natural language
programming language based around solving problems using constraints given ton the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer
third-generation language
programming languages that are written as a series of English-like words
low-level languages
programming languages used to create programs that run in one particular computer
Program Development Life Cycle
series of steps which ensure that the program will properly function and produce the required results
method
the procedure or function
programming
the process of designing, writing and testing programs
source program
third generation language code
designing the interface
this stage involves selecting and organizing the elements of the user interface
designing the solution
this stage involves the process of designing the algorithm of the program
testing the program
this stage involves the process of detecting and eliminating errors in the program
analyzing the program requirements
this stage involves the process of gathering information in order to identify the specifications of a program
coding the solution
this stage involves the process of translating the algorithm into the program codes of the selected programming language and entering the program codes into the computer
maintaining the program
this stage involves the process of updating the program code in order for the program to become continually useful
documenting the program
this stage involves the task of reviewing the program code to identify all the dead codes
fifth-generation language
uses type of query language allowing the user to enter requests that resembles human speech
assembler
utility program used to translate an assembly language program to machine language
