Computer Science EOPA

&&

And, will be true if the expressions on both side are true.

names of classes

Start with a capital letter.

names of methods and variables

Start with a lowercase letter

Flowchart: Oval symbol

terminator. start/end

Data Storage Field length

the amount of characters the field can hold.

Boundary error

the data has accidentally stepped out of bounds.

Rounding error

the data has been accidentally rounded.

Truncation error

the data has been accidentally truncated.

Arithmetic error

the data has had a calculation error.

<>

(not equal to) Relational operator used to determine if one value is not equal to another.

Javadoc comment

/** */ -- each line in between also starts with a *

class definition

A ________ __________ is a section of code contained within braces; its fields, constructors, and methods.

//

A comment appears AFTER these 2 marks.

/ *

A comment appears between these 2 marks.

Flag

A condition used to signify that a loop should stop executing.

PHP

A programming language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

String

A data type representing a String

Char

A data type representing one character

Integer

A data type representing positive or negative whole numbers.

Int()

A function that returns the integer portion of a number without rounding.

Val()

A function that takes a string and returns a number corresponding to the numeric characters.

Rnd()

A function used to generate a random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1.

JavaScript

A high level, interpreted language that is one of the 3 core Web technologies along with CSS and HTML.

FORTRAN

A high-level (compiled) computer programming language that is used for mathematical and scientific computation.

SQL (Structured Query Language)

A language used for managing data held in a relational database management system and enables the use of "plain English" queries.

Infinite loop

A loop that continues forever.

Constant

A name for a memory location that stores a value that cannot be changed from its initial assignment.

Variable

A named memory location that stores a value.

Bus Network

A network consisting of a central cable to which all network devices are attached.

reserved words

A number of words reserved for a special purpose. Each word has a particular meaning and can be used only in its strictly prescribed way. All Java _______ ______ use only lowercase letters.

design

A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made or a decorative pattern.

Input box

A predefined dialog box that accepts input from the user.

Message box

A predefined dialog box that displays a message for the user.

Pascal

A procedural language that is small and efficient to encourage good programming practices.

Method

A procedure in a class.

Function

A procedure that performs a task and then returns a value.

Testing

A programmer is checking to see if the program is fit for purpose. Using the Testing table from the design phase

C++

A programming (compiled) language that is statically typed, free-form, and general purpose. It is a middle level language because it holds a combo of high and low level features.

High-level language

A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. These languages are closer to human languages and further from machine languages.

Low-level language

A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions (i.e. assembly).

Beta

A pure object oriented language (compiled) originating within the Scandinavian school.

Perl

A scripting (interpreted) language that is similar to C and can optionally be compiled into C code. Used for many different web programs.

Loop

A set of statements that repeatedly perform a task based on a condition.

Algorithm

A set of steps that outline how to solve a problem.

Decision structure

A statement that uses a condition to determine which set of statements to execute.

Declaration statement

A statement used to create a variable or constant.

Javadoc

A utility program which generates documentation in HTML format automatically from special "documentation" comments in the Java source.

Accumulator

A variable used to store a number that is incremented by a changing amount.

Counter

A variable used to store a value that is updated by a constant value.

Pseudocode

An algorithm written in both English and program code.

Syntax error

An error caused by a statement that violates the rules of Visual Basic.

Run time error

An error that occurs during the execution of a program. Runtime errors indicate bugs in the program or problems that the designers had anticipated but could do nothing about.

TextBox

An object that allows the user to enter a value.

Disabled

An object that cannot be selected by the user.

Compiled languages

C++, Fortran, Java, C#, and Beta are ____________ languages that transform source code written in a programming language into a binary computer language.

BASIC

CAPITAL reserved words, FOR TO: the TO is included in how many times it runs.

CPU

Central Processing Unit. Processes instructions

Tag

Control class property that can be set to a string expression for identifying objects.

Visible

Control class property used to hide or display an object.

TabIndex

Control class property used to set the tab order for an application interface.

semicolon

Declarations and other statements in Java are terminated with a ____________.

Installation

Deliver and install the software. Inc training and manuals

Integer division

Division performed with the \ operator to return only the whole portion of the quotient.

Ruby

Dynamic, object oriented (interpreted) language that has an elegant syntax and is natural and easy to read.

Data formats Fixed length

Each row (paragraph) contains one complete record of information.

==

Equal to (loose equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are equal, but not necessarily the same data type.

===

Equal to (strict equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are equal, and the same data type.

ChrW()

Function that returns the character corresponding to an integer representing a Unicode value.

AscW()

Function that returns the integer Unicode value that corresponds to a character argument.

InputBox()

Function used to generate a predefined dialog box that has a prompt, a text box, and OK and Cancel buttons.

>=

Greater than or equal to, will be true if the expression on the left is greater than or equal to the expression on the right.

>

Greater than, will be true if the expression on the left is greater than the expression on the right.

Keyword

Identifier reserved by a programming a language

CamelCase

If a name consists of two or more words, all words starting with the second are capitalized.

RAD language

It is very quick and easy to create an application. It is paired with an IDE. C++, Java, Delphi

final

In Java we use the _____ keyword in a variable declaration to make its value not change.

new

In Java, the ______ key word is used to create new objects.

super

It is used inside a sub-class method definition to call a method defined in the _____ class. Private methods of the ______-class cannot be called. Only public and protected methods can be called by the ________ keyword.

implements

Java Reserved Word used to make a class adhere to contract defined by an interface.

Handles

Keyword that determines which events cause an event procedure to execute.

Dim

Keyword used in a statement to declare a variable.

Prompt

Label placed next to a TextBox to give the user information about the expected input.

<=

Less than or equal to, will be true if the expression on the left is less than or equal to the expression on the right.

<

Less than, will be true if the expression on the left is less than the expression on the right.

And

Logical operator used to form a Boolean expression. An expression formed using And is True only when the expressions it joins are all True.

Or

Logical operator used to form a Boolean expression. An expression formed using Or is True when any of the expressions it joins are True.

universal constants

May use all caps and an underscore character between words [i.e., TAX_RATE, MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE]

!=

Not equal to (loose equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are not equal, data type does not matter.

!==

Not equal to (strict equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are not equal, or not same data type.

!

Not, will make a true expression false, and a false expression true.

ImageList

Object used to store images with an indexed order, that can be accessed during program runtime

How to provide user instructions on program modifications

One method of ensuring that updates to documentation are efficiently distributed is to make changes in an online help system rather than print sources.

Fortran

One of the oldest programming languages, the FORTRAN was developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus, and was first published in 1957. The name FORTRAN is an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, because it was designed to allow easy translation of math formulas into code.

Iteration

One pass through a loop body.

Relational operators

Operators (=, <, <=, >, >=, and <>) that can be used to form a Boolean expression.

Logical operators

Operators (And, Or, and Not) that may be used to form a Boolean expression.

||

Or, will be true if the at lease one of the expressions is true.

Sender

Parameter in an event procedure that is the object that raised the corresponding event.

Scripting (interpreted) languages

Perl, AJAX, JavaScript, PHP, Python, and Ruby are examples of __________ languages used for web development.

Non functional requirements

Quality characteristics or quality attributes. Other definition parts - specify how the system should behave. The operation of a system. Constraint on system behavior.

Primary temporary storage

RAM

Permanent Memory

ROM

Logic patterns

Simple sequence, Selection, Loop, Branch.

AJAX

Stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Sends server-side scripts by HttpRequests

comments

Start the source code of each Java class with a _________ that briefly describes the purpose of the class, its author, perhaps the copyright arrangement, history of revisions, etc.

If...Then

Statement that executes code when a condition is True.

Do...Loop

Statement that repeatedly executes a loop as long as a condition is True.

Return

Statement used in a function procedure to send a value back to the calling statement.

const

Statement used to declare a constant

Randomize()

Statement used to initialize the Rnd() function so that different random numbers are generated from run to run.

braces { }

Statements can be grouped into blocks using ___________

nesting

Statements inside a block are usually indicated by a fixed number of spaces equal to one tab.

ToLower/ToUpper

String methods are used to change the case of a String to uppercase or lowercase

SQL

Structured query language. Uses plain english queries.

main method

The ________ __________If present, it is better to put it at the bottom of the class.

Maintenance and evaluation

The final phase of the systems development life cycle that helps to ensure that adequate technical support staff and resources are available to maintain or support the new system

Concatenation

The process of joining two or more strings into one string.

Implementation/coding

The writing of the software to meet the users' needs

How to develop a documentation narrative (e.g., writing program documentation)

Use language that is clear and at the level of the end user.

Trim

Used to take off all spaces at the beginning and end of a String (but NOT within the String)

syntax

Very rigid rules which the text of a program is governed by are known as __________.

extends

When a class C ______ class B, C automatically has all variables and methods defined in class B (except private variable and methods).

style

_______ is intended to make programs more readable. This is a very important element of software engineering.

import statements

________ ____________ tell the compiler where to look for other classes used by this class.

class header

__________ __________states the name of the class and whether or not it is visible to other classes.

method names

__________________ often sound like verbs [i.e., getName]

class and object names

__________________ usually sound like nouns [i.e., Student]

Data formats Delimited

a character is used to separate the values (comma, tab, colon).

Distributed computing

a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system is a model in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.

Network

a group of two or more computers.

A design review

a milestone within a product development process whereby a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the outcomes of previous activities and identify issues before committing to - and if need to be re-prioritize - further work.

Script

a sequence of events to follow so they can be repeated. Interpreted.

data dictionary

a set of information describing the contents, format, and structure of a database and the relationship between its elements, used to control access to and manipulation of the database.

Rapid application development

a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping. The process of writing the software itself involves the planning required for developing the product. Follows an iterative and incremental model. Makes reusable prototypes.

Unit testing

a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.

Data types

follows what type of data it is.

To prevent injuries

adjust chair so feet are flat on floor, support lower back, top of computer monitor should be ~eye level, wrists should be in a straight neutral position in line with forearms.

Implementation and integration

brings together systems utilizing many techniques: computer networking, enterprise application integration, business process management, programming.

Injuries

bursitis, tendon injuries, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome.

Appropriate variable names

camelCase, No reserved words, No spaces, No reserved symbols, Be descriptive.

Testing

can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a computer program/application/product: meets the requirements that guided its design and development and works as expected

Step

can be used to change the way a counter is incremented in a For..Next statement

Compile errors

caused by bad syntax.

Documentation

comments that describe how a variable is being used, what the code is expected to do, etc.

Flowchart: Circle

connectors.

Test data

data for use in tests.

Performance

for example Response Time, Throughput, Utilization, Static Volumetric, Scalability, Capacity, Availability, Reliability, Recoverability, Maintainability, Serviceability, Security, Regulatory, Manageability, Environmental, Data Integrity, Usability, Interoperability

Flowchart: Diamond

decision.

Feasibility study

determine whether project is worth undertaking and whether project will be profitable to the organization.

Requirements specifications

establishes the basis for agreement between customs, contractors, or suppliers on what the software product is to do as well as what it is not expected to do.

Boolean expression

expression that evaluates to True or False.

Input format

how to interpret the contents of an input field as a number or a string.

project definition

identify project objectives and deliverables, and list the specific activities required to complete the project and sequence in which they must be performed; develop time estimates for each activity.

Flowchart: Parallelogram

input/output

Software design

involves planning a software solution in a sequence of steps that enables the designer to describe all aspects of the software to be built.

Deployment

is all of the following activities that make a software system available for use: Release, Install and Activate, Deactivate, Adapt, Update, Built-in, Version Tracking, Uninstall, Retire

Select...Case Is

is an alternative way to write If/ElseIf statements

For...Next statement

is an iterative, incremental loop statement used to repeat a sequence of statements for a specific number of occurrences.

Design document

lays out the general requirements that when changed, motivate the existence and purpose of a given code set.

Access methods

methods to access data on external devices.

Manipulation methods

methods to manipulate data.

Heapsort

n log n

&

operator used to concatenate two or more strings.

analysis

phase of the systems development life cycle explores the problem in depth and develops program specifications

Beta

point: (# x, y: @integer #)

Output format

print and write formats. Automatically generated from the input formats.

Linker error

problem during linking process

Syntax error

problem with source code.

Flowchart: Rectangle

process. Either single step or an entire sub-process.

Maintenance

refers to changes to a system in operating arising from Error corrections, Performance improvements, Changes in the business environment, Enhancements in functions

vbCrLf

represents a carriage-return-line-feed (go to the beginning of the next line)

User requirements

specifies what the user expects the software to be able to do. This is the source document. The input screen design should follow the same order.

A code review

systematic examination (sometimes referred to as peer review) of computer source code. It is intended to find mistakes overlooked in the initial development phase, improving the overall quality of software.

Compiler

takes in the entire program, checks for errors, compiles it, and then executes it.

Interpreter

takes the program line by line, checks for errors, and executes it.

Data Storage Record length

the length, in bytes, of each record in the data set. Of all the fields.

Maintenance

the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes.

Logical error

the program produces unintended or undesired behavior. An issue with logic statements.

Data hierarchies

the systematic organization of data, often in a hierarchical form. Data organization involves characters, fields, records, files and so on.

Structured programming

three basic control structures to form highly structured units of code. Subroutines, Block structures, Loops

Semantic error

valid syntax but does not do what the programmer intended.

Functional requirements

will specify a behavior or function. Business Rules, Transaction corrections, adjustments and cancellations, Administrative functions, Authentication, Authorization levels, Audit Tracking, External Interfaces, Certification Requirements, Reporting Requirements, Historical Data, Legal or Regulatory Requirements