Computer Science EOPA
&&
And, will be true if the expressions on both side are true.
names of classes
Start with a capital letter.
names of methods and variables
Start with a lowercase letter
Flowchart: Oval symbol
terminator. start/end
Data Storage Field length
the amount of characters the field can hold.
Boundary error
the data has accidentally stepped out of bounds.
Rounding error
the data has been accidentally rounded.
Truncation error
the data has been accidentally truncated.
Arithmetic error
the data has had a calculation error.
<>
(not equal to) Relational operator used to determine if one value is not equal to another.
Javadoc comment
/** */ -- each line in between also starts with a *
class definition
A ________ __________ is a section of code contained within braces; its fields, constructors, and methods.
//
A comment appears AFTER these 2 marks.
/ *
A comment appears between these 2 marks.
Flag
A condition used to signify that a loop should stop executing.
PHP
A programming language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
String
A data type representing a String
Char
A data type representing one character
Integer
A data type representing positive or negative whole numbers.
Int()
A function that returns the integer portion of a number without rounding.
Val()
A function that takes a string and returns a number corresponding to the numeric characters.
Rnd()
A function used to generate a random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1.
JavaScript
A high level, interpreted language that is one of the 3 core Web technologies along with CSS and HTML.
FORTRAN
A high-level (compiled) computer programming language that is used for mathematical and scientific computation.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
A language used for managing data held in a relational database management system and enables the use of "plain English" queries.
Infinite loop
A loop that continues forever.
Constant
A name for a memory location that stores a value that cannot be changed from its initial assignment.
Variable
A named memory location that stores a value.
Bus Network
A network consisting of a central cable to which all network devices are attached.
reserved words
A number of words reserved for a special purpose. Each word has a particular meaning and can be used only in its strictly prescribed way. All Java _______ ______ use only lowercase letters.
design
A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made or a decorative pattern.
Input box
A predefined dialog box that accepts input from the user.
Message box
A predefined dialog box that displays a message for the user.
Pascal
A procedural language that is small and efficient to encourage good programming practices.
Method
A procedure in a class.
Function
A procedure that performs a task and then returns a value.
Testing
A programmer is checking to see if the program is fit for purpose. Using the Testing table from the design phase
C++
A programming (compiled) language that is statically typed, free-form, and general purpose. It is a middle level language because it holds a combo of high and low level features.
High-level language
A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. These languages are closer to human languages and further from machine languages.
Low-level language
A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions (i.e. assembly).
Beta
A pure object oriented language (compiled) originating within the Scandinavian school.
Perl
A scripting (interpreted) language that is similar to C and can optionally be compiled into C code. Used for many different web programs.
Loop
A set of statements that repeatedly perform a task based on a condition.
Algorithm
A set of steps that outline how to solve a problem.
Decision structure
A statement that uses a condition to determine which set of statements to execute.
Declaration statement
A statement used to create a variable or constant.
Javadoc
A utility program which generates documentation in HTML format automatically from special "documentation" comments in the Java source.
Accumulator
A variable used to store a number that is incremented by a changing amount.
Counter
A variable used to store a value that is updated by a constant value.
Pseudocode
An algorithm written in both English and program code.
Syntax error
An error caused by a statement that violates the rules of Visual Basic.
Run time error
An error that occurs during the execution of a program. Runtime errors indicate bugs in the program or problems that the designers had anticipated but could do nothing about.
TextBox
An object that allows the user to enter a value.
Disabled
An object that cannot be selected by the user.
Compiled languages
C++, Fortran, Java, C#, and Beta are ____________ languages that transform source code written in a programming language into a binary computer language.
BASIC
CAPITAL reserved words, FOR TO: the TO is included in how many times it runs.
CPU
Central Processing Unit. Processes instructions
Tag
Control class property that can be set to a string expression for identifying objects.
Visible
Control class property used to hide or display an object.
TabIndex
Control class property used to set the tab order for an application interface.
semicolon
Declarations and other statements in Java are terminated with a ____________.
Installation
Deliver and install the software. Inc training and manuals
Integer division
Division performed with the \ operator to return only the whole portion of the quotient.
Ruby
Dynamic, object oriented (interpreted) language that has an elegant syntax and is natural and easy to read.
Data formats Fixed length
Each row (paragraph) contains one complete record of information.
==
Equal to (loose equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are equal, but not necessarily the same data type.
===
Equal to (strict equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are equal, and the same data type.
ChrW()
Function that returns the character corresponding to an integer representing a Unicode value.
AscW()
Function that returns the integer Unicode value that corresponds to a character argument.
InputBox()
Function used to generate a predefined dialog box that has a prompt, a text box, and OK and Cancel buttons.
>=
Greater than or equal to, will be true if the expression on the left is greater than or equal to the expression on the right.
>
Greater than, will be true if the expression on the left is greater than the expression on the right.
Keyword
Identifier reserved by a programming a language
CamelCase
If a name consists of two or more words, all words starting with the second are capitalized.
RAD language
It is very quick and easy to create an application. It is paired with an IDE. C++, Java, Delphi
final
In Java we use the _____ keyword in a variable declaration to make its value not change.
new
In Java, the ______ key word is used to create new objects.
super
It is used inside a sub-class method definition to call a method defined in the _____ class. Private methods of the ______-class cannot be called. Only public and protected methods can be called by the ________ keyword.
implements
Java Reserved Word used to make a class adhere to contract defined by an interface.
Handles
Keyword that determines which events cause an event procedure to execute.
Dim
Keyword used in a statement to declare a variable.
Prompt
Label placed next to a TextBox to give the user information about the expected input.
<=
Less than or equal to, will be true if the expression on the left is less than or equal to the expression on the right.
<
Less than, will be true if the expression on the left is less than the expression on the right.
And
Logical operator used to form a Boolean expression. An expression formed using And is True only when the expressions it joins are all True.
Or
Logical operator used to form a Boolean expression. An expression formed using Or is True when any of the expressions it joins are True.
universal constants
May use all caps and an underscore character between words [i.e., TAX_RATE, MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE]
!=
Not equal to (loose equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are not equal, data type does not matter.
!==
Not equal to (strict equality), will be true if the expressions on both sizes are not equal, or not same data type.
!
Not, will make a true expression false, and a false expression true.
ImageList
Object used to store images with an indexed order, that can be accessed during program runtime
How to provide user instructions on program modifications
One method of ensuring that updates to documentation are efficiently distributed is to make changes in an online help system rather than print sources.
Fortran
One of the oldest programming languages, the FORTRAN was developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus, and was first published in 1957. The name FORTRAN is an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, because it was designed to allow easy translation of math formulas into code.
Iteration
One pass through a loop body.
Relational operators
Operators (=, <, <=, >, >=, and <>) that can be used to form a Boolean expression.
Logical operators
Operators (And, Or, and Not) that may be used to form a Boolean expression.
||
Or, will be true if the at lease one of the expressions is true.
Sender
Parameter in an event procedure that is the object that raised the corresponding event.
Scripting (interpreted) languages
Perl, AJAX, JavaScript, PHP, Python, and Ruby are examples of __________ languages used for web development.
Non functional requirements
Quality characteristics or quality attributes. Other definition parts - specify how the system should behave. The operation of a system. Constraint on system behavior.
Primary temporary storage
RAM
Permanent Memory
ROM
Logic patterns
Simple sequence, Selection, Loop, Branch.
AJAX
Stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. Sends server-side scripts by HttpRequests
comments
Start the source code of each Java class with a _________ that briefly describes the purpose of the class, its author, perhaps the copyright arrangement, history of revisions, etc.
If...Then
Statement that executes code when a condition is True.
Do...Loop
Statement that repeatedly executes a loop as long as a condition is True.
Return
Statement used in a function procedure to send a value back to the calling statement.
const
Statement used to declare a constant
Randomize()
Statement used to initialize the Rnd() function so that different random numbers are generated from run to run.
braces { }
Statements can be grouped into blocks using ___________
nesting
Statements inside a block are usually indicated by a fixed number of spaces equal to one tab.
ToLower/ToUpper
String methods are used to change the case of a String to uppercase or lowercase
SQL
Structured query language. Uses plain english queries.
main method
The ________ __________If present, it is better to put it at the bottom of the class.
Maintenance and evaluation
The final phase of the systems development life cycle that helps to ensure that adequate technical support staff and resources are available to maintain or support the new system
Concatenation
The process of joining two or more strings into one string.
Implementation/coding
The writing of the software to meet the users' needs
How to develop a documentation narrative (e.g., writing program documentation)
Use language that is clear and at the level of the end user.
Trim
Used to take off all spaces at the beginning and end of a String (but NOT within the String)
syntax
Very rigid rules which the text of a program is governed by are known as __________.
extends
When a class C ______ class B, C automatically has all variables and methods defined in class B (except private variable and methods).
style
_______ is intended to make programs more readable. This is a very important element of software engineering.
import statements
________ ____________ tell the compiler where to look for other classes used by this class.
class header
__________ __________states the name of the class and whether or not it is visible to other classes.
method names
__________________ often sound like verbs [i.e., getName]
class and object names
__________________ usually sound like nouns [i.e., Student]
Data formats Delimited
a character is used to separate the values (comma, tab, colon).
Distributed computing
a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed system is a model in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. The components interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal.
Network
a group of two or more computers.
A design review
a milestone within a product development process whereby a design is evaluated against its requirements in order to verify the outcomes of previous activities and identify issues before committing to - and if need to be re-prioritize - further work.
Script
a sequence of events to follow so they can be repeated. Interpreted.
data dictionary
a set of information describing the contents, format, and structure of a database and the relationship between its elements, used to control access to and manipulation of the database.
Rapid application development
a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favor of rapid prototyping. The process of writing the software itself involves the planning required for developing the product. Follows an iterative and incremental model. Makes reusable prototypes.
Unit testing
a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use.
Data types
follows what type of data it is.
To prevent injuries
adjust chair so feet are flat on floor, support lower back, top of computer monitor should be ~eye level, wrists should be in a straight neutral position in line with forearms.
Implementation and integration
brings together systems utilizing many techniques: computer networking, enterprise application integration, business process management, programming.
Injuries
bursitis, tendon injuries, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome.
Appropriate variable names
camelCase, No reserved words, No spaces, No reserved symbols, Be descriptive.
Testing
can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a computer program/application/product: meets the requirements that guided its design and development and works as expected
Step
can be used to change the way a counter is incremented in a For..Next statement
Compile errors
caused by bad syntax.
Documentation
comments that describe how a variable is being used, what the code is expected to do, etc.
Flowchart: Circle
connectors.
Test data
data for use in tests.
Performance
for example Response Time, Throughput, Utilization, Static Volumetric, Scalability, Capacity, Availability, Reliability, Recoverability, Maintainability, Serviceability, Security, Regulatory, Manageability, Environmental, Data Integrity, Usability, Interoperability
Flowchart: Diamond
decision.
Feasibility study
determine whether project is worth undertaking and whether project will be profitable to the organization.
Requirements specifications
establishes the basis for agreement between customs, contractors, or suppliers on what the software product is to do as well as what it is not expected to do.
Boolean expression
expression that evaluates to True or False.
Input format
how to interpret the contents of an input field as a number or a string.
project definition
identify project objectives and deliverables, and list the specific activities required to complete the project and sequence in which they must be performed; develop time estimates for each activity.
Flowchart: Parallelogram
input/output
Software design
involves planning a software solution in a sequence of steps that enables the designer to describe all aspects of the software to be built.
Deployment
is all of the following activities that make a software system available for use: Release, Install and Activate, Deactivate, Adapt, Update, Built-in, Version Tracking, Uninstall, Retire
Select...Case Is
is an alternative way to write If/ElseIf statements
For...Next statement
is an iterative, incremental loop statement used to repeat a sequence of statements for a specific number of occurrences.
Design document
lays out the general requirements that when changed, motivate the existence and purpose of a given code set.
Access methods
methods to access data on external devices.
Manipulation methods
methods to manipulate data.
Heapsort
n log n
&
operator used to concatenate two or more strings.
analysis
phase of the systems development life cycle explores the problem in depth and develops program specifications
Beta
point: (# x, y: @integer #)
Output format
print and write formats. Automatically generated from the input formats.
Linker error
problem during linking process
Syntax error
problem with source code.
Flowchart: Rectangle
process. Either single step or an entire sub-process.
Maintenance
refers to changes to a system in operating arising from Error corrections, Performance improvements, Changes in the business environment, Enhancements in functions
vbCrLf
represents a carriage-return-line-feed (go to the beginning of the next line)
User requirements
specifies what the user expects the software to be able to do. This is the source document. The input screen design should follow the same order.
A code review
systematic examination (sometimes referred to as peer review) of computer source code. It is intended to find mistakes overlooked in the initial development phase, improving the overall quality of software.
Compiler
takes in the entire program, checks for errors, compiles it, and then executes it.
Interpreter
takes the program line by line, checks for errors, and executes it.
Data Storage Record length
the length, in bytes, of each record in the data set. Of all the fields.
Maintenance
the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes.
Logical error
the program produces unintended or undesired behavior. An issue with logic statements.
Data hierarchies
the systematic organization of data, often in a hierarchical form. Data organization involves characters, fields, records, files and so on.
Structured programming
three basic control structures to form highly structured units of code. Subroutines, Block structures, Loops
Semantic error
valid syntax but does not do what the programmer intended.
Functional requirements
will specify a behavior or function. Business Rules, Transaction corrections, adjustments and cancellations, Administrative functions, Authentication, Authorization levels, Audit Tracking, External Interfaces, Certification Requirements, Reporting Requirements, Historical Data, Legal or Regulatory Requirements