Computer Terms in TLE/Computer 6

Octal Number System

A number system that has a base of 8; digits from 0 to 7 are used to express an octal number. Used in computers.

Binary System

A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1, called bits. Used in computers.

Software

A program or instructions that give directions to the computer.

Motion Capture Technology

A special effects technology used to incorporate an actor's physical features into a computer-generated character. Refers to the process of recording movement and translating that movement into a digital model.

Stored Program Computers

A stored-program computer is one which stores program instructions in electronic memory. Often the definition is extended with the requirement that the treatment of programs and data in memory be interchangeable or uniform. The computer memory is where the data and instructions are stored for later use.

Equal (=)

A symbol used to begin a formula in a basic Excel formula.

Ethernet

A system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.

T1 lines

A type of data connection able to transmit a digital signal at 1.544 Mpbs

Tree of Porphyry

A way of arranged the basic genera and species of various things into specific categories, and looks like an upside tree. Used by Aristotle.

Jacquard Loom

A weaving device that could produce intricate designs controlled by punched cards, a technology for storing data. Invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard.

Batch Processing

Accumulating transaction records into groups or batches for processing at a regular interval such as daily or weekly. The records are usually sorted into some sequence (such as numerically or alphabetically) before processing.

Processing

Actual transformation of data into information involving many specific processes like sorting, arithmetic operations etc.

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency

Gestural Interface Technology

Allows a user to give commands to the computer without touching it.

Multimedia Streaming

Allows audio/video streaming over the internet.

Cluster/Grid Computing

Allows intensive computations to be distributed to thousands of computers and lets them process computations simultaneously.

Z3

An early electronic computer prototype designed by Konrad Zuse that was the first to incorporate the use of binary numbers for data representation.

Pascaline

An early mechanical calculator capable of performing addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. Invented by Blaise Pascal.

Electronic Spreadsheet

An electronic tool organizer and analyzer. It is used to compute larger quantities of numbers.

Information Security

Analysis and implementation of system security; needed to protect information from hackers.

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

Analytical Engine based off the huge steam powered Difference Engine. It was never finished but the drawings have similar parts to that of computers such as RAM and CPU. Charles Babbage is considered the "Father of Computing"

Information System

Application of computing to support the operations of an organization.

Quantum Computers

Computers based on the properties of atoms and their nuclei and the laws of quantum mechanics.

Special Purpose Computers

Computers designed to meet a specific need and are more prevalent, yet less noticeable, than general-purpose computers. Designed and programmed to perform a specific task like aircraft navigation, satellite tracking, and traffic control. They lack versatility.

Supercomputers

Computers that are among the fastest of any in the world at the time of their introduction. Extremely fast and can process trillions of instructions per second. They are used for heavy scientific calculations and other very difficult tasks like forecasting weather and mapping the human genome.

E-Groups

Consist of online users to sign up for a membership on an email list management website. This website allows members to create their own mailing lists. These members also have shared calendars, file space, group chat, and a simple database.

Hybrid Computers

Contain both the digital and analog components. Users can process both the continuous (analog) and discrete (digital) data.

Input Preparation

Conversion of the data into a format that the computer can understand.

Accuracy of the Computer

Correctness of computation.

Ray Tomlinson 1971

Created the First Email Program

Stepped Reckoner

Cylindrical wheel with movable carriage that can add, subtract, multiply, divide, square roots. Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.

Random Access

Data is sent or received without following a sequential order; may be read in bytes like in hard disks, compact disks and flash drives.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Data service for users of GSM. Allows mobile users to access the Internet using cellular phones.

Electronic Computers

ENIAC world's first electronic general purpose computer (1946) Commercial introduction of electronic computers in mid 1950s Witnessed a boom in economic development.

ENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; U.S. government-sponsored machine developed to calculate the settings used for weapons. Designed to calculate the ballistics of firing tables and the hydrogen bomb.

Charles Babbage

Father of modern computers. Invented the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine.

Abacus

First actual calculating machine. Uses a combination of two bases (base-2 and base-5) to represent decimal numbers.

Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace

First computer programmer

Calculating Clock

First mechanical calculator, add and subtract numbers with as many as six digits. Uses wheels to carry out addition and subtraction numbers up to 6 digits. Invented by Wilhelm Schickard.

Logic

Formal system of reasoning needed in organizing the instructions fed into the computer.

Interactive Processing

Interacting with data through terminals, viewing and changing values online in real time.

Integrated Circuits (1960's)

Jack Kirby designed the integrated circuit. A circuit is a tiny chip that contains thousands of tiny circuits. Integrated circuits are about the size of a fingernail and are made from silicone (hard plastic). They allow electricity to flow throughout the computer.

Requirements for Audio and Video Conferencing

Personal Computer or PC, Smartphone, Tablets/Phablets, and similar devices. Internet Access Speakers or headsets & web camera (web cam)

Mobile Devices

Pocket-sized or handheld computers like the smartphone and tablet.

Output Preparation

Providing the user with information. The output may be saved or stored for future retrieval, printed out, or communicated.

Broadband

Refers to high-speed transmission of data between your computer and the internet.

Peopleware

Refers to the human role in an IT system.

Origination

Refers to the organizing and recording of data into some format.

Input/Output Operations I/O

Refers to the signals received by the computer from Input Devices and sent out to Output Devices into information formats that humans can read and listen to.

Speed of the Computer

Refers to the speed of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) measured in clock ticks or clock cycles.

Consistency of the Computer

Refers to the uniform and standard performance of the computer to all possible input combinations.

Algorithm

Set of rules specifying how to solve a problem or computation used by computers.

MULTIPLE CONFERENCING APPLICATIONS

Skype, OneStream, webEX, Zoom, Google Meet

ONE-ON-ONE CONFERENCING APPLICATIONS

Skype, Viber, Facebook, Google Chat

Information Science

Study of interpretation, analysis, storage and retrieval of data and information.

Minus (-)

Subtraction Symbol

Boolean Logic

System devised by George Boole, used the two values 1 and 0 or the conditions false and true.

Optical Computers

Use light to perform digital computations

Formula

Used to perform calculation on values entered in the spreadsheet including addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

This technology is used to make telephone calls via the Internet usually at a cheaper cost. Allows telephone calls over the internet using Internet Protocol (IP).

Transistors (1950's)

Transistors replaced the use of vacuum tubes. They controlled the flow of electricity in and out of the computer. They were much more reliable than the vacuum tubes.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Protocol that connects computers to the Internet. Tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet.

Minicomputers

Type of computer that is designed to serve multiple users and process significant amounts of data; larger than a microcomputer, but smaller than a mainframe. Medium-sized computers used by small businesses and organizations for business and office work.

EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO DEMONSTRATE AUDIO-VIDEO CONFERENCE

VGA/DVI Broadcaster - Microphone - Laptops with network access Video Conference Display with VGA/DVI/HDMI output GA, DVI Cables, HDMI to DVI adapter

Output Devices

Where data is sent out such as the monitor, speaker and printer or saved into a secondary storage such as the hard disk or CD.

Input Devices

Where raw data are entered such as the keyboard, mouse, touch screen, microphone, scanner etc. to be processed into meaningful information.

Hexadecimal Number System

A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value. Used in computers.

Analog Computers and Digital Computers

-Analog computer is like a thermometer. How high frequency or voltage is means something. The amount of it matters. It process continuous data signals like in a speedometer or watch. -Digital computers store data in circuits, on/off, 1's and 0's, handle data as bits of 1s and 0s. They process "discrete numeric" or "symbolic values".

3D (Three-Dimensional) Technology

3D Films, 3D TV, 3D Virtual Worlds for Learning

Colossus

A General Purpose Computer used to help decode the German military's encrypted codes.

Touch Screen

A computer monitor that functions both as a display screen and an input device, replacing the traditional keyboard and mouse.

General Purpose Computers

A computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone). Can be programmed to perform a variety of processing tasks.

Spreadsheet

A document used for organizing, analyzing, and calculating information in a table.

Forward Slash (/)

A formula in Excel it means Divide.

Asterisk (*)

A formula in Excel it means Multiply.

Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

Napier's Bones

A manual calculator created by John Napier that could be used to perform mathematical calculations by manipulating numbered rods.

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)

A means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves

Sequential Access

A method of data access used by tape drives, whereby data is written or read sequentially from the beginning to the end of the tape or until the desired data is found.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that connects devices in geographically separated areas. Interconnects different LANs.

ABC

Atanasoff-Berry Computer

Sexagesimal System

Base 60, still used in measuring time (60 seconds, 60 minutes) and in dividing circles (360 degrees).

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software. Working area of the computer.

Hollerith's Tabulating Machine

Herman Hollerith developed a machine that used cards wherein data was punched in. He founded the Tabulating Machine Company, which later became IBM (International Business Machines Corporation).

Mainframes

Large-capacity, high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly. Big, powerful, fast, and expensive computers that can serve hundreds of users at the same time. Large businesses and organizations use mainframes for high-volume data processing.

Audio and Video Conferencing

Method of communication between two people with personal computers who are both connected online through the internet.

Boolean Algebra

Named after George Boole, used in the electronic design of computing devices and also in the flow or sequence of instructions fed into the computer. The three basic logical operations are AND, OR, and NOT

Decimal system (base 10)

Number system we use in daily life. Uses ten digits (0 - 9)

T3 Lines

Offer guaranteed delivery of 45 Mbps

Communications of the Computer

The computer can perform information transfer between users or processes.

Reliability of the Computer

The computer is able to perform its required functions.

Memory Capability of the Computer

The computer is able to retain data either temporarily or permanently.

Microcomputers

The most numerous among all the computer types. They are handhelds and laptops that are portable; and desktop computers are usually placed on top of a desk.

4G LTE (Long Term Evolution)

The newest cellular and mobile technology which is designed to provide broadband mobile Internet access. Its used by many mobile service providers.

Hardware

The physical components of a computer.

Plus (+)

The symbol used to show addition.

Packet Switching

The transmission technology that divides blocks of text into packets

Vacuum Tubes (1940's)

They were electronic devices that controlled the flow of electricity in and out of a computer. They looked like long light bulbs.

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