concept 1: blood

blood

a fluid connective tissue made of living blood cells (formed elements) that float in the nonliving blood plasma

Hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

Agglutinogens

RBC antigens

Rh factor

RBCs also have the rhesus (Rh) antigens, either + or -

explain two ways to control clot size

fibrinolysis is the enzymatic breakdown of the fibrin in blood clots Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. fibrinolysis breaks down the product of coagulation.

Antigens

glycoprotein and glycolipid markers/tags

make connections between the process of hematopoiesis and other body systems it involves

hematopoiesis- blood cell formation blood cells do not divide. stem cells in the red bone marrow make the replacement cells EPO- the protein that regulates the destruction and reproduction of red blood cells it is made mostly in the kidneys but also in the liver and is triggered by a drop in normal oxygen blood levels

Thrombocytes

platelets/ cell fragments that help stop bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged

Describe the composition of blood

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma plasma- 55% of whole blood 90% water, 10% solutes white blood cells and platelets<1% of whole blood "buffy coat" red blood cells- 45% of whole blood

Erythrocytes

red blood cells/ carry O2 and CO2 between lungs and rest of body

Antibodies

respond to antigens by binding to them and clumping (agglutinating) cells together for destruction

hemostasis

the fast and localized process the body uses to stop bleeding

erythroprotein

the hormone that regulates the formation and destruction of RBCs

Hemoglobin

the protein that binds and carries O2 Contains iron (Fe+2) which readily binds the oxygen

Describe the different ways our blood plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in our bodies.

transport- Moves a variety of substances that allows us to maintain homeostasis via regulation and protection transports oxygen to the body reduces waste ..

Leukocytes

white blood cells/ help our body recognize and fight off foreign substances

Plasma

Liquid part of blood

describe the steps involved in homeostasis

1. Vasoconstriction = smooth muscles in the damaged blood vessel contract 🡪 vasoconstriction to slow down blood flow 2. Platelet plug formation = platelets gather and adhere to the site and each other to form a plug 3. Coagulation = fibrin proteins form a mesh-like clot that closes the gap to heal the blood vessel

explain how there are 8 different blood types in humans and the factors that contribute to these different types. include what happens in the wrong blood was donated in a transfusion.

Blood type is determined based on the presence or absence of A and B agglutinogens (RBC antigens are specifically called agglutinogens) All cells have glycoprotein and glycolipid markers/tags called antigens. If your body recognizes cells that have different antigens from it, they are perceived as foreign and an immune response is activated Antibodies respond to antigens by binding to them and clumping (agglutinating) cells together for destruction RBCs also have the rhesus (Rh) antigens, either + or - Rh positive = you have the rhesus antigens, therefore you do NOT make anti-Rh antibodies and can accept + or - blood Rh negative = you do NOT have the rhesus antigens, so you will make anti-Rh antibodies and thus can only accept - blood The A/B antigens and rhesus antigens are determined by different genes, thus sort independently 🡪 8 different blood types A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-

explain how the shape of a red blood cell contributes to its function.

Flattened biconcave shape 🡪 larger surface area for gas exchange and makes them flexible enough to squeeze through tight spaces