Connect Questions- Chapter 24

Place the regions of the digestive tract in order from the beginning to end.

1. Oral Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Duodenum 6. Jejunum 7. Ileum 8. Cecum 9. Colon 10. Rectum 11. Anal Canal 12. Anus

Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption

3, 1, 4, 2

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. 4, 2, 1 (1) common bile duct (2) common hepatic duct (3) cystic duct (4) left and right hepatic ducts

4, 2, 1

Gastrin

A. endocrine cells

Lactase

A. glucose and galactose

Absorption

A. movement of molecules from digestive tract into blood

Liver

A. produces bile

Parotid glands

A. secretion of saliva

Deglutition

A. swallowing

Feces consist of

All of these are found in feces.

Functions of the liver include

All of these are functions of the liver.

Carboxypeptidase

B. amino acids

Mastication

B. chewing

Mastication

B. chewing of food

Bile

B. hepatocyte

Lips and cheeks

B. manipulation of food

Gall bladder

B. stores and concentrates bile

Bolus

C. ball of food

Pancreatic lipase

C. fatty acids and glycerol

Peristalsis

C. muscular contractions that propel food

Hydrochloric acid

C. parietal cells

Duodenum

C. primary site of chemical digestion

Pharynx

C. swallowing

_______ in the duodenum are stimulated by low pH or lipids.

Chemoreceptors

Trypsin

D. acinar cells

Pancreatic amylase

D. maltose and isomaltose

Stomach

D. produces intrinsic factor

Elimination

D. removal of undigested wastes from body

Chyme

D. semifluid material

Gallbladder

D. storage of bile

Large intestines

E. bacterial decomposition

Chemical digestion

E. breakdown of organic molecules with digestive enzymes

Mucus

E. goblet cells

Kupffer cells

E. phagocytosis

Salivary amylase

E. polysaccharides and disaccharides

Duodenal glands

E. protection of small intestinal wall

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?

absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes

The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the

active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.

The pancreatic islets

are endocrine glands.

Chylomicrons

are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.

What is found in an intestinal villus?

blood capillaries and a lacteal

Which of the following are effects of aging on the digestive system?

blood supply decreases, more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers and enamel on teeth becomes thinner.

What muscle forms the cheeks?

buccinator muscle

Gastrocolic reflexes are reflexes that

cause mass movements of the colon when food is present in the stomach.

The bonelike substance that helps to anchor the tooth in the jaw is called __________.

cementum

The taste and smell of food, the stimulation of tactile receptors during the process of chewing and swallowing, and pleasant thoughts of food in the __________ phase of gastric regulation act on centers in the medulla oblongata.

cephalic

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

changing the tongue shape during swallowing

Shortly after a meal, the gallbladder contracts in response to stimulation by __________.

cholecystokinin

What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder?

cholecystokinin

Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent

chyme from entering the large intestine.

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called

chyme.

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the

common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.

The liver

consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.

The __________ ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm.

coronary

What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

cystic duct

The action potentials that are generated by these receptors inhibit parasympathetic action potentials and cause a ____ in gastric secretion in the stomach.

decrease

The pulp cavity is surrounded by living cellular, calcified tissue called __________.

dentin

Chyme in the _____ with a pH less than 2 or containing lipids inhibits gastric secretions.

duodenum

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

duodenum and jejunum.

Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system? cellular respiration food selection elimination of undigested food regulation of blood pH integration and coordination of other systems

elimination of undigested food

Bile

emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

The outer layer of the crown of the tooth is covered by an extremely hard, nonliving, acellular substance called __________.

enamel

What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?

esophagus

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

esophagus

Intrinsic factor

facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the

gastric phase of gastric secretion.

Postganglionic neurons stimulate secretion by parental and chief cells and stijulated ____ and histamine secretion by endocrine cells.

gastrin

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

gastrin

Inflammation of the gums is called

gingivitus.

Where is the uvula located?

hanging in the fauces

The anal canal

has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle.

The oral cavity

has boundaries that include the lips, palate and cheeks.

The esophagus

has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food.

The hepatic sinusoids

have phagocytic cells in their lining.

The __________ of the pancreas is located within the curvature of the duodenum.

head

Bile would flow directly from the

hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the

hepatic portal vein.

Where does bile enter the duodenum?

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Gastrin is carried through the circulation back to the stomach, where, along with ____ stimulates secretion.

histamine

Distention of the stomach also activates local reflexes that _____ stomach secretions.

increase

The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to

increase surface area for absorption.

Emulsification

increases surface area for lipid digestion.

Mastication

increases the surface area of food particles.

Duodenal gland secretion prevents

irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.

Pepsinogen

is packaged in zymogen granules.

The defecation reflex

is stimulated by distention of the rectum.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of pancreatic __________ that produce glucagon and insulin.

islets

The gastric phase of gastric secretion

leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion.

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains

less lipid.

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in

liquefying and digesting the food.

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

liver

Bile is produced by cells of the

liver.

Which of the following occurs in the large intestine? chemical digestion mass movements mastication mixing waves neutralization

mass movements

Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called

mass movements.

The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in

mastication, speech, and swallowing.

Distention of the stomach stimulates _______ and activates a parasympathetic reflex.

mechanoreceptors

The taste, smell, or thought of food or tactile sensations of food in the mouth stimulate the ____ ____.

medulla oblongata.

What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?

mixing of intestinal contents

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are

moistening and starch digestion.

Saliva

moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?

mucosa

Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?

mucosa

The major secretion of the large intestine is

mucus.

Which of the following represents a mismatch in stomach wall structure?

muscularis - two layers; both circular

Which part of the pharynx is NOT involved with food transport?

nasopharynx

The mesentery connecting the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm is called the lesser __________.

omentum

Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?

oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

What muscle forms the lips?

orbicularis oris muscle

The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the

oropharynx.

Vagus nerves carry _____ action potentials to the stomach, where enteric plexus neurons are activated.

parasympathetic

The largest salivary glands are the __________ glands. They are serous glands which produce mostly watery saliva.

parotid

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the

parotid glands.

Which of the following enzymes digests protein?

pepsin

Bile secretion is

performed continuously by the liver.

The ____ helps hold a tooth in its socket.

periodontal ligament

What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?

peristalsis

The serous membrane that covers organs in the abdomen is the visceral __________.

peritoneum

The teeth of the adult mouth are called __________ teeth or secondary teeth.

permanent

The tongue

plays a major role in swallowing.

The liver

produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats.

The movement of food through the digestive tract is

propulsion.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

pulp cavity - cementum

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of

relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.

Acidic solutions in the duodenum cause the release of the hormone __________ that will inhibit gastric secretion.

secretin

When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.

secretin

A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called

segmental contraction.

The oral cavity secretion that neutralizes bacterial acids, flushes bacteria from the oral cavity, and has weak antibacterial activity is:

serous saliva

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the

small intestine.

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the

soft palate.

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract or alimentary canal? salivary gland liver gallbladder stomach pancreas

stomach

The gallbladder

stores bile.

The smallest salivary glands are the __________ glands. They are mixed glands, containing some serous acini but consist primarily of mucous acini.

sublingual

The longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the large intestinal wall forms three bands called the

teniae coli.

What keeps the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?

the epiglottis

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

the jejunum and duodenum

The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during

the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

Monosaccharides

use a symport process in their absorption.

Action potentials generated by the mechanoreceptors are carried by the ____ nerves to the medulla oblongata.

vagus

The oral cavity is divided into two regions: the __________ is the space between the lips or cheeks and teeth and the __________ lies medial to the teeth.

vestibule; oral cavity proper