Connect Questions- Chapter 24
Place the regions of the digestive tract in order from the beginning to end.
1. Oral Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Duodenum 6. Jejunum 7. Ileum 8. Cecum 9. Colon 10. Rectum 11. Anal Canal 12. Anus
Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption
3, 1, 4, 2
Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. 4, 2, 1 (1) common bile duct (2) common hepatic duct (3) cystic duct (4) left and right hepatic ducts
4, 2, 1
Gastrin
A. endocrine cells
Lactase
A. glucose and galactose
Absorption
A. movement of molecules from digestive tract into blood
Liver
A. produces bile
Parotid glands
A. secretion of saliva
Deglutition
A. swallowing
Feces consist of
All of these are found in feces.
Functions of the liver include
All of these are functions of the liver.
Carboxypeptidase
B. amino acids
Mastication
B. chewing
Mastication
B. chewing of food
Bile
B. hepatocyte
Lips and cheeks
B. manipulation of food
Gall bladder
B. stores and concentrates bile
Bolus
C. ball of food
Pancreatic lipase
C. fatty acids and glycerol
Peristalsis
C. muscular contractions that propel food
Hydrochloric acid
C. parietal cells
Duodenum
C. primary site of chemical digestion
Pharynx
C. swallowing
_______ in the duodenum are stimulated by low pH or lipids.
Chemoreceptors
Trypsin
D. acinar cells
Pancreatic amylase
D. maltose and isomaltose
Stomach
D. produces intrinsic factor
Elimination
D. removal of undigested wastes from body
Chyme
D. semifluid material
Gallbladder
D. storage of bile
Large intestines
E. bacterial decomposition
Chemical digestion
E. breakdown of organic molecules with digestive enzymes
Mucus
E. goblet cells
Kupffer cells
E. phagocytosis
Salivary amylase
E. polysaccharides and disaccharides
Duodenal glands
E. protection of small intestinal wall
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?
absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes
The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the
active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.
The pancreatic islets
are endocrine glands.
Chylomicrons
are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.
What is found in an intestinal villus?
blood capillaries and a lacteal
Which of the following are effects of aging on the digestive system?
blood supply decreases, more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers and enamel on teeth becomes thinner.
What muscle forms the cheeks?
buccinator muscle
Gastrocolic reflexes are reflexes that
cause mass movements of the colon when food is present in the stomach.
The bonelike substance that helps to anchor the tooth in the jaw is called __________.
cementum
The taste and smell of food, the stimulation of tactile receptors during the process of chewing and swallowing, and pleasant thoughts of food in the __________ phase of gastric regulation act on centers in the medulla oblongata.
cephalic
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
changing the tongue shape during swallowing
Shortly after a meal, the gallbladder contracts in response to stimulation by __________.
cholecystokinin
What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder?
cholecystokinin
Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent
chyme from entering the large intestine.
Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called
chyme.
The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the
common bile duct and pancreatic duct.
The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is
composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
The liver
consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.
The __________ ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm.
coronary
What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
cystic duct
The action potentials that are generated by these receptors inhibit parasympathetic action potentials and cause a ____ in gastric secretion in the stomach.
decrease
The pulp cavity is surrounded by living cellular, calcified tissue called __________.
dentin
Chyme in the _____ with a pH less than 2 or containing lipids inhibits gastric secretions.
duodenum
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the
duodenum and jejunum.
Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system? cellular respiration food selection elimination of undigested food regulation of blood pH integration and coordination of other systems
elimination of undigested food
Bile
emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
The outer layer of the crown of the tooth is covered by an extremely hard, nonliving, acellular substance called __________.
enamel
What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
esophagus
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
esophagus
Intrinsic factor
facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.
The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the
gastric phase of gastric secretion.
Postganglionic neurons stimulate secretion by parental and chief cells and stijulated ____ and histamine secretion by endocrine cells.
gastrin
Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?
gastrin
Inflammation of the gums is called
gingivitus.
Where is the uvula located?
hanging in the fauces
The anal canal
has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle.
The oral cavity
has boundaries that include the lips, palate and cheeks.
The esophagus
has upper and lower sphincters to regulate movement of food.
The hepatic sinusoids
have phagocytic cells in their lining.
The __________ of the pancreas is located within the curvature of the duodenum.
head
Bile would flow directly from the
hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.
Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the
hepatic portal vein.
Where does bile enter the duodenum?
hepatopancreatic ampulla
Gastrin is carried through the circulation back to the stomach, where, along with ____ stimulates secretion.
histamine
Distention of the stomach also activates local reflexes that _____ stomach secretions.
increase
The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to
increase surface area for absorption.
Emulsification
increases surface area for lipid digestion.
Mastication
increases the surface area of food particles.
Duodenal gland secretion prevents
irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes.
Pepsinogen
is packaged in zymogen granules.
The defecation reflex
is stimulated by distention of the rectum.
The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of pancreatic __________ that produce glucagon and insulin.
islets
The gastric phase of gastric secretion
leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion.
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains
less lipid.
Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in
liquefying and digesting the food.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
liver
Bile is produced by cells of the
liver.
Which of the following occurs in the large intestine? chemical digestion mass movements mastication mixing waves neutralization
mass movements
Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called
mass movements.
The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in
mastication, speech, and swallowing.
Distention of the stomach stimulates _______ and activates a parasympathetic reflex.
mechanoreceptors
The taste, smell, or thought of food or tactile sensations of food in the mouth stimulate the ____ ____.
medulla oblongata.
What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?
mixing of intestinal contents
The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are
moistening and starch digestion.
Saliva
moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth.
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?
mucosa
Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?
mucosa
The major secretion of the large intestine is
mucus.
Which of the following represents a mismatch in stomach wall structure?
muscularis - two layers; both circular
Which part of the pharynx is NOT involved with food transport?
nasopharynx
The mesentery connecting the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm is called the lesser __________.
omentum
Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?
oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What muscle forms the lips?
orbicularis oris muscle
The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the
oropharynx.
Vagus nerves carry _____ action potentials to the stomach, where enteric plexus neurons are activated.
parasympathetic
The largest salivary glands are the __________ glands. They are serous glands which produce mostly watery saliva.
parotid
The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the
parotid glands.
Which of the following enzymes digests protein?
pepsin
Bile secretion is
performed continuously by the liver.
The ____ helps hold a tooth in its socket.
periodontal ligament
What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?
peristalsis
The serous membrane that covers organs in the abdomen is the visceral __________.
peritoneum
The teeth of the adult mouth are called __________ teeth or secondary teeth.
permanent
The tongue
plays a major role in swallowing.
The liver
produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats.
The movement of food through the digestive tract is
propulsion.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
pulp cavity - cementum
Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?
pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach
Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
Acidic solutions in the duodenum cause the release of the hormone __________ that will inhibit gastric secretion.
secretin
When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.
secretin
A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called
segmental contraction.
The oral cavity secretion that neutralizes bacterial acids, flushes bacteria from the oral cavity, and has weak antibacterial activity is:
serous saliva
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the
small intestine.
Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the
soft palate.
Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract or alimentary canal? salivary gland liver gallbladder stomach pancreas
stomach
The gallbladder
stores bile.
The smallest salivary glands are the __________ glands. They are mixed glands, containing some serous acini but consist primarily of mucous acini.
sublingual
The longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in the large intestinal wall forms three bands called the
teniae coli.
What keeps the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition?
the epiglottis
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
the jejunum and duodenum
The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during
the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.
Monosaccharides
use a symport process in their absorption.
Action potentials generated by the mechanoreceptors are carried by the ____ nerves to the medulla oblongata.
vagus
The oral cavity is divided into two regions: the __________ is the space between the lips or cheeks and teeth and the __________ lies medial to the teeth.
vestibule; oral cavity proper
