Content Test

Global Positioning System (GPS):

A constellation of approximately 30 well spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location.

Voltage

A electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts; electrical force. = current

Ovary

A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.

Perfect/Complete Flower

A flower that contains both male and female parts. It can pollinate itself and does not need wind, insects or other means to transfer it's pollen. The pollen is produced in the same flower that produces the seed. Tomatoes and peppers are examples of plants with perfect flowers. A perfect flower is a type of flower that has both pistillate(female) and staminate (male) parts. It may or may not have petals or sepals.

School-Based Enterprise

A group of two or more students will work cooperatively outside of normal class time to create a business enterprise that provides goods and services. They operate their enterprise from the school campus utilizing facilities, equipment and other resources provided by the AFNR program or the school.

Cambium

A layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.

Sepal

A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.

Petal

A modified leaf of a flowering plant; petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.

Current

A movement of electrical charges around a closed path or circuit (conductor)

Program Planning

A program plan is essential to achieve desired goals. For a program plan you need 1) Diverse students, 2) Scheduling: 8 period day, A/B Block, or A/B accelerated block. The first step is to establish 1) Key partners, Then 2) Develop a shared vision, Followed by 3) Create and action plan (How are you going to get there), and Finally, 4) Implement.

Enterprise

A projection of all the cost and returns for a single enterprise

Whole Farm

A projection of the total production, income, and expenses of a farm business for a given whole-farm plan.

Viscosity

A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction, as measured by the force per unit area resisting a flow in which parallel layers unit distance apart unit speed relative to one another. (fluids resistance)

Hedging:

A strategy for reducing the risk of a decline in prices by selling a commodity futures contract in advance of when the commodity is actually sold. •Ex. Selling your cattle to the processor who wants to lock in the price of the commodity (cows) for future use.

Ovule

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.

Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe (PVC):

A tough, chemically resistant synthetic resin made by polymerizing vinyl chloride and used for a wide variety of products including pipes, flooring and sheeting. - Easiest to use for plumbing.

Ampere (Amps)

A unit of electric current equal to flow of one coulomb per second; electrical strength and current.

Additional Facts

AG teachers are at a greater risk of sexual harassment. There are more diversity in farmers and rancher's. Less than 2% of the US population is introduction agriculture.

Horizontal Integration

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

Embryo Transfer:

Advanced reproductive technology and a progressive tool that can help you produce more offspring from an elite coe and can extend the impact of outstanding cattle genetics. Assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female. (FERTILIZED) Best way to mass produce cattle.

Johann Amos Comenius

Advocate of modern education, lifelong learning and extracurricular activities. Education is designed for career preparation. (Instruction: SAE and FFA) balance.

Morill Act of 1890

Allowed establishment or designation of a college/university in selected states in the "south" to become a "land grant university" for African Americans.

Partial Budget

An estimate of the changes in the income and expenses that would result from carrying out a proposed change in the current farm plan.Helps farm owners/manager evaluate the financial effect of incremental changes. It only includes resources that will be changed. - Compare current situation to the expected situation - Fine-tuning of existing farm plan - To evaluate a production change to see it's financial effect on the overall farm business - Calculate the expected change in profit proposed change in farm business

Expected Progeny Difference (EPD)

An evaluation of an animal's genetic worth as a parent. They are based on animal models which combine all information known about an individual and its relatives to create a genetic profile of the animal's merits.

Research SAE

An extensive activity where the student plans and conducts a major agricultural experiment using the scientific process. The purpose is to provide students "hands on" experience in: 1) verifying, learning or demonstrating scientific principles in agriculture. 2) Discovering new knowledge, 3) Using the scientific process. (EX- various planting media on plant growth, protein on fish growth, rooting hormones development)

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Ex Aa

Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait. EX AA or aa

Breed of cattle known for marbling

Angus

Texas FFA Areas

Area 1 : (Panhandle) Castro, Childress, Crosby, Area 2 : (West Texas) Val Verde, El Paso, Area 3 : Harris, Fort Bend, Galveston, Area 4 : (North) Archer, Baylor, Callahan, Area 5 : (North Central) Dallas, Denton, Area 6 : (North East) Bowie, Marion, Rusk, Area 7 : (Hill Country) Bexar, Comal, Hays, Mason, Uvlade, Area 8 : (Mid Central) Anderson, Somervell, Navarro, Area 9 : (South East) Chambers, Liberty, San Jacinto , Area 10 : (South Tip) Aransas, Refugio, Zapata, Area 11 : (West of Houston) Austin, Washington, Colorado, Area 12 : (Central) Bastrop, Bell, Travis, Williamson

Sentinel

Assist the president in maintaining order. Keep the meeting room, chapter equipment and supplies in proper condition.Welcome guests and visitors. Keep the meeting room comfortable. Take charge of candidates for degree ceremonies. Assist with special features and refreshments.

Vice President

Assume all duties of the president if necessary. DEvelop the POA and serve as an ex officio, non voting member of the POA committees. Coordinate all committee work. Work closely with the present and advisor to assess progress toward meeting chapter goals.

Pearson Square

Balancing rations is a simple procedure that has been used for many years, it is of greatest value when only two ingredients are to be mixed.

Lacey Act of 1900

Banned interstate transportation and sale of illegal wildlife

Green Hand FFA Degree

Be enrolled in agricultural education and have satisfactory plans for a SAE program. Learn and explain the FFA motto, Creed, and FFA mission. Describe meaning of FFA colors and emblem. Own and understand the official FFA Manual.

Discovery FFA Degree

Be enrolled in agricultural education while in grades 7-8. Dues paying member. Participate in at least one FFA chapter activity outside scheduled class time. Submit written applications for degree.

Parliamentarian

Be proficient with parliamentary procedure. Rule on all questions of parliamentary conduct at chapter meetings. Serve as a participant or an ex-officio member of the parliamentary procedure team. Conduct parliamentary procedure workshops at the chapter level. Chair or serve as ex-officio member on the conduct of meetings committee.

Injection Types:

Intravenous: In vein; jugular Subcutaneous: Under the skin Intramuscular: Directly into the muscle Intraocular: In the eye

Parliamentary Inquiry

Is done to permit a member to gain parliamentary information.

Cotton

Is the number one cash crop in Texas.

Style

It is a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary. The stigma is at the top of the style and is a sticky platform where pollen is deposited.

FFA Structure

It is intracurricular: component that is part of the curriculum. Each state is run by a state FFA board of directors.The State FFA Association charters local FFA chapters and National FFA organizations charters the state associations. All 50 states have chartered associations including: Guam, Puerto Rico, The Virgin Islands, Washington D.C. and the Marshall Islands.

John Deere

John Deere steel plow was developed for heavy soils such as clay soils. His wooden one before was for sandier soils.

Endangered Species Act of 1973:

Key legislation for both domestic and international conservation. This act aims to provide a framework to conserve and protect endangered and threatened species and their habitat.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS):

Known formerly as the Soil Conservation Service, is an agency of the USDA that provides technical assistance to farmers and other private landowners and managers.

Xeriscaping

Landscaping in a style which requires little or no irrigation, by using native plants to reduce nutrients and water needs.

FFA Motto

Learning to do, Doing to learn, Earning to live, Living to serve.

Slot limit

Limit on fish to keep the breeding population inside the lake. EX: On Lake Conroe the slot limit for bass is 13-17inches. All bass in-between these lengths must not me taken.

Oligopoly

Limited competition where market is shared

Percolation:

Liquid slowly moving through a filter.

Class B fire extinguisher

Liquids (Oil, Diesel)

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

Budget 2 types

Local (Taxes) and Federal (Carl Perkins)

Class D fire extinguisher

METALS such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium etc

Stamen

Male reproductive part. The stamen has two parts: anthers and filaments. The anther container the pollen

Angus Traits

Marbling of the meat, Polled, Majority Black Angus, but there are red.

Supply Functions

Mathematical expression of the relationship between supply and those factors that affect the willingness and ability of a supplier to offer goods for sale. - Relationship between quantity and price. - Upward slope (POSITIVE)

Cow-Calf Operations:

Method of raising beef cattle in which a permanent herd is kept by a farmer or rancher to produce calves for later sale.

Hardware Disease:

Most commonly found in the reticulum of ruminant animals when they ingest a sharp metal object; it can penetrate the lining of the reticulum.

Safety:

Most important piece of Personal Protective Equipment (PPR) is Z87 safety glasses that must be worn at all times in any lab setting. - Safety Glasses - Long Sleeves - Close Toed Shoes (NO SANDALS)

Nitrate:

NO3, naturally occuring form of Nitrogen created from conversion of ammonium to nitrate during nitrification; used as food by plants for growth and production.

Lay on the table

Temporarily delay action on an item of business.

Berkshire

Black 6 white points erect ears

Poland China

Black/ 6 white points drooping ears

Spot

Black/white spotted

Breed of cattle that can twitch their hide

Brahman

Previous Question

Terminate discussion on the motion, or motion, before the chapter and secure an immediate vote.

Bud Grafting

Budding is a form of grafting in which a single bud is used as the scion rather than a section of stem. It is the most commonly used method for fruit tree production in the nursery

Lean to Fat Ratio:

Cattle: Bull > Steer > Heifer Sheep: Ram > Wether > Ewe Swine: Boar > Gilt > Barrow

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, and then release waste products C6H12O6+O2 => 6CO+6H2O+ATP

Short Run Budget

That period for which at least one production input is available only in a fixed quantity.

Long Run Budget

That period long enough for the manager to change the amounts of all inputs or resources available for use

What does E6011 mean?

The "E" stands for arc welding electrode. Next will be either a 4 or 5 digit number stamped on the electrode. The first two numbers of a 4 digit number and the first 3 digits of a 5 digit number indicate the minimum tensile strength (in thousands of pounds per square inch) of the weld that the rod will produce, stress relieved. Examples would be as follows: E60xx would have a tensile strength of 60,000 psi E110XX would be 110,000 psi The next to last digit indicates the position the electrode can be used in. EXX1X is for use in all positions EXX2X is for use in flat and horizontal positions EXX3X is for flat welding The last two digits together, indicate the type of coating on the electrode and the welding current the electrode can be used with. Such as DC straight, (DC -) DC reverse (DC+) or A.C.

Acetone:

Colorless, volatile, flammable organic solvent. - Degreaser for engines - Flammable - Dangerous - Expels Oxygen - Must be used in a well ventilated area.

FFA Emblem

Consists of 5 sections as a representation of the history, goals, and future of the organization. 1) The cross section of the ear of corn, 2) The Rising Sun, 3) The plow, 4) The eagle, 5) The owl

Imperfect Flower

Contains only male or female parts of the flower.A flower that lacks either stamens or carpels. Requires insects and wind to transfer pollen to pollinate.

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2.

Simple Interest

Determined by multiplying the daily interest rate by the principal by the number of days that elapse between payments. - Interest paid (earned) on original amount. - I = P x R xT - Interest = principal x rate x time - Quick method of calculating the interest charge on a loan. Ex. You borrow 6,500 at 9.5% for 6 years -(6500)(.095)(6) -$2,565.00

Historian

Develop and maintain a scrapbook of memorabilia in which to record the chapter's history. Research and prepare items of significance of the chapter's history. Prepare displays of chapter activities and submit stories of former members to the media. Assist the reporter in providing photography for chapter needs.

Hampshire

Developed in the US. Black with white belt and erect ears. Well muscled, rapid growers. Excellent mother. Good tempered and carcass quality

Duroc

Developed in the US. Reddish brown in color, drooping ears, quick muscle growth and are aggressive.

Plato

Developed the first college of higher education. Idea of idealisms (the essence of existence was the idea).

Functional Organization

Divided into small groups by specialty

Holstein

Dominate the dairy industry (90% of dairy cattle in the US) From netherland and northern Germany, arrived in the US in the mid 1800's. Typically black and white in color. Total milk solids % are lower. Solids refer to milk fat solids found in milk. These are used to determine quality and use of the milk produced by that breed of cattle.

Class C fire extinguisher

Electrical

Dicot

Embryo with two cotyledons. Pollen with three furrows or pores. flower parts in multiples of four or five. Major leaf vin reticulated. Stem Vascular bundles in a ring. Roots develop from radicle. Secondary growth often present.

Point of order

Enforce the rules by calling action to a violation of the rules or mistakes in procedure

Types of SAE's

Entrepreneurship, placement, research (experimental/non experimental), exploratory, improvement, supplemental.

Symmetrical arrangements

Equal amount of materials on either side of an imaginary center line.

Morrill Act of 1994

Established for American Indians throughout the northern plains.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):

Established in December 1970 by an executive order of United States President Richard Nixon. EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health.

Morrill Act of 1862

Established land Grant college systems through the sale of federal lands. It provided agriculture instruction at the college level. It made one Morrill Land Grant university for every state (Federal money). It was originally established for white males to become farmers. It established AG education at the teacher level.

Vocational education amendments of 1968

Established vocational education for handicapped (VEH) program. Special needs students as part of federal law.

Cash-Flow Budget:

Estimate of all cash receipts and all cash expenditures that are expected to occur during a certain period. - Method for analyzing the availability of cash to meet ongoing obligations. - Used for both forward planning and ongoing analysis.

Project Organization

Facilitates the coordination and implementation of a project activity

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI):

Fast acting circuit breaker designed to shut off electric power in the event of a ground-fault within as little as 1/40 of a second. - Protects a person from being shocked by turning electricity off anytime there is a change in the direction of the electricity. - Every cord and plug that is located in or outside of a shop needs an GFCI.

Aristotle

Father of scientist, Idea of realism (parts of a car make the entire car), established the scientific method.

Slope (Land):

Of a surface or line be inclined from a horizontal or vertical line; slant up or down.

AG Education/Core Curriculum

Often times AG education is looked down upon and more times than not viewed as a blow off class. In doing so AG classes are not made a priority and often find themselves filled with students who aren't meant to be in an AG program due to the educational system. This is why it is essential to work hand and hand with counselors. By offering core curriculum classes such as advanced animal science, floral design, and business students are given the opportunity to earn there required core curriculum classes in science, art, and math while participating in agriculture. This allows AG classes to expand further and be put off the back burner.

Ruminant Stomach

One stomach divided into four compartments: - Rumen - Reticulum - Omasum - Abomasum Chew chew of regurgitated food - Cattle - Sheep - Goats - Deer

Santa Gertrudis

Originated at the King ranch in Tx. Made up of Brahman, hereford, and shorthorn breeds. Known for heat tolerance. Composite breed classification.

Landrace

Originated in Denmark.White in color with huge drooping ears. Longer than other breeds because of extra vertebraeMore confinement adaptable

Suspend standing rules

Permit the chapter to do something that can't be don't under standing rules

Rufus Stimson

Pioneered 16 theorems of vocational education. In agriculture these 16 theorems can be condensed into 7 major categories: 1) Authentic instruction, 2) Authentic self evaluation, 3) Higher order thinking skills, 4) Agriculture education curriculum, 5) Agriculture teacher, 6) FFA and agriculture education, 7) Planning for change in the agriculture education.

Reporter

Plan public information programs with local radio, television, newspaper and service clubs and make use of other opportunities to tell the FFA story. Release news and information to local and regional news media. Publish a chapter newsletter or website. Prepare and maintain a chapter scrapbook. Send local stories to area, district and state reporters. Send articles and photographs to FFA New Horizons and other national and/or regional publications. Work with local media on radio and television appearances and FFA news. Serve as the chapter photographer. Serve as POA Public Relations Chairperson.

Tissue Culture

Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including: The production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers, fruits, or have other desirable traits. To quickly produce mature plants. The production of multiples of plants in the absence of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds. The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified. The production of plants in sterile containers that allows them to be moved with greatly reduced chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and pathogens. An exact clone in a dish

What species has a crop?

Poultry: crop is the storage site and is responsible with initial digestion (gets the food wet)

Crop Rotation

Practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons; it is done so that the soil of farms is not use for only one set of nutrients. - Replenishes land fertility - Pest Control - Erosion Control

Secretary

Prepare and post the agenda for each chapter meeting. Prepare and present the minutes of each chapter meeting. Place all committee reports in the secretary file. Be responsible for chapter correspondence. Maintain member attendance and activity records an issue membership cards. Have on hand for each meeting the secretary file, Copy of POA, including all standing and special committees, official FFA manual, and the official FFA student handbook, and a copy of the chapter constitution and bylaws.

Chaplin

Present the invocation at banquets and other functions. Coordinate FFA participation at local area churches during National FFA Week. Conduct reflections services at summer camps and conferences.

President

Presides over meetings according to accepted rules of parliamentary procedure. Appoint committees and serve on them as an ex officio, non voting member. Coordinate the activities of the chapter and evaluate the progress of each division of the PA. Represent the chapter in public relation and official functions.

Johann Heinreich Pestalozzi

Principle of informal education. Hands on learning (pragmatism "learning by doing")

Gene Splicing:

Process by which the DNA of an organism is cut and a gene, perhaps from another organism is inserted. - Post-transcriptional modification in which a single gene can code for multiple proteins. - GMOS

Assets

Property owned by a person or company, regarded as having value and available to meet debts, commitments, or legacies. - Any items of value, tangible or financial - Something you own and have value in, but do not owe money on.

PH Scale

Ranges from 0-14. 0-6.9 (Acidic) add lime, 7 Neutral, 8-14 - basic (Alkalinic) add gypsum. Plants prefer acidic soil from 5.5-6.2.

Treasurer

Receive, record and deposit FFA funds and issue receipts. Present monthly treasurer's reports at chapter meetings. Collect dues and special assessments. Maintain a neat and accurate FFA Chapter Treasurer book or the computer software. Prepare and submit the membership roster and dues to the National FFA Organization in cooperation with the secretary. Serve as chairperson of the Financial committee.

Demand Function

Referring to a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. - Relationship between quantity and price - Downward Slope (NEGATIVE)

SAE

SAE (supervised agricultural experience)- prepare them for a job/scholarships. It is a planned practical activities conducted outside of class time in which students develop and apply agricultural knowledge and skills. (Not to make money, fun).

Socrates

Socrate's method: teachers pose a series of questions designed to help the learned arrive at the understanding of an idea.

Class A fire extinguisher

Solids (wood, paper)

No-till Farming:

Spread of seed with no ground preparation.

POA Committee Structures (3)

Standing committee- committee that serves a function from year to year. EX- SAE's, Leadership, Recreation.Executive committee- Usually consists of chapter officers and changes each year.Special committees- Committees that may meet to plan only one event. EX- Safety Fair, Hayride, Auction.

Liabilities

State of being responsible for something, especially by law; a thing for which someone is responsible, especially a debt or financial obligation. - Debt or other financial obligation that must be paid in the future.

Seedstock Operation:

Steer calves and most heifer calves are sold but some may be selectected to enter a breeding herd; seedstock operation is a specialized cow-calf operation that produces purebred or registered cattle.

Root Layering

Stems that are still attached to their parent plant may form roots where they come in contact with a rooting medium. This method of vegetative propagation is generally successful, because water stress is minimized and carbohydrate and mineral nutrient levels are high. The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. A layer is the rooted stem following detachment (removal) from the parent plant.

Slag:

Stony waste matter separated from metals during the smelting or refining of one. - Protects weld from atmospheric contaminants that may weaken the weld. - Protects weld from oxidation. - Slows down rate the weld cools. - Prevent brittleness.

Half Life of Chemicals:

Substance which undergoes exponential decay decays by the same ratio in equal intervals of time. The rate of radioactive decay of a substance is defined by its half-life (2). The time in which half the atoms in a radioactive isotope decay.

Advisor

Supervise chapter activities year-round.Inform prospective students and parents about the FFA.Instruct students in leadership and personal development. Build school and community support for the program. Encourage involvement of all chapter members in activities. Prepare students for involvement in contests and leadership programs

Geographic Information System (GIS):

System designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.

T-Grafting

T-budding is most commonly used for summer budding of apples, crabapples, dogwoods, peaches, and pears. T-budding must be one when the bark will "slip." Slipping means that, when cut, the bark easily lifts or peels in one uniform layer from the underlying wood without tearing. The exact time when this condition occurs depends on soil moisture, temperature, and time of year.

TEKS

TEKS are a coherent sequence. They are the pathway students follow as they gain the foundation required to advance through difference courses.

Nitrite:

TOXIC to plants in this form.

Legumes

Form a symbolic relationships and grow nitration. (Clover/Alfalfa) to give to non-legumenus plants. Also soybeans. A seed, pod, or other edible part of a leguminous plant used as food.

POA Divisions- (3).

Growing leaders, building communities, and strengthening agriculture. Growing leaders- leadership, healthy lifestyles (AG olympics), scholarship, personal growth, and career Success. Building communities- Environmental, human resources, citizenship, stakeholder engagement, and economic development. Strengthening Agriculture- support group, Chapter recruitment, safety, Agricultural advocacy, agricultural literacy.

Bermuda Hay/Grass:

Harvest at 21-28 days, which is right before maturity to make sure all sugar is in the stems and leaves; lessons steminess.

4-Cycle Engine:

Has a reservoir for oil, separate from fuel.

2-Cycle Engine:

Has fuel and oil mixed together.

Hatch Act (What year)

Hatch Act of 1887- Established the agricultural experiment stations, which conducted research to provide information for improving agriculture.

State FFA Degree

Have received Chapter FFA degree. Have been an active FFA member for at least 24 months. Completed at least two years (360 hours) instruction in agricultural education. Have earned and productively invested at least $1000. Participated in at least five different FFA activities above the chapter level.

American FFA Degree

Have received the State FFA Degree. Completed at least three years (540 hours) of instruction in agricultural education. Have graduated from high school at least 12 months prior to the NAtional FFA convention. Have earned and productively invested at least $7500 or have earned and productively invested $1500 and worked 2250 hours in excess of scheduled class time.

Brahman Traits

Heat tolerant, Insect tolerant, Can twitch their hide, sweat glands.

British Breeds of Cattle

Hereford (polled), Shorthorn, Angus

Chemical Safety:

If an accident involving chemicals occurs, they person must go to the eye wash station located in the lab and flush with water for 60 seconds.

Renewable Energy:

- Solar - Wind - Geothermal - Hydropower - Biomass (methane, etc.)

Punnet Square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

#1 Agriculture commodity in Texas

Beef Cattle

Monocot

Embryo with single cotyledon. Protein with single furrow or pore. Flower parts in multiple of three. Major leaf vain parallel. Stem Vascular bundles scattered. Roots are adventitious. Secondary growth absent.

Vocational Education Act of 1963

Established the agricultural cooperative training program and pre employment laboratory training courses. Also made funds available for instructional materials service (Boss would be the career and technology director).

Smith Lever Act of 1914

Established the agricultural extension service, which was to disseminate the research of the experiment stations.

Risk Management Plan

Establishing a plan to help protect workers from injury.

Class K (Fire Extinguisher)

Flammable Liquids

FFA Colors

National blue and Corn gold.

Sole Proprietorship

Simplest business form under which one can operate a business; it is not a legal entity. It simply refers to a person who owns the business and is a personally responsible for its debts.

Non-ruminant/Simple Stomach

Single Stomach, eat low fiber - Pigs - Horses - Dogs - Mice - Human

filament

Supports the anther

Pitch (Building):

The steepness of a slope. - Amount of rise a roof has compared to the horizontal length (run). - Rise/Run - Higher the rise, the steeper the roof. -4 12 pitch of a roof= For every 12 inches of run there is 4 inches of rise

Stigma

The stigma is a specially adapted portion of the pistil modified for the reception of pollen.

John Dewey

"Learn by doing", scientific process. Students should have a strong interest in the subject. Experiential learning (reflection component).

Primary Plant Nutrients

(N) Nitrogen, (P) Phosphorus, (K) Potassium

American Breeds of Swine

- American Landrace - American Yorkshire - Chester White - Duroc - Hampshire - Poland China

Poultry

- Avian - Chick - Young Male: Cockerel - Adult Male: Rooster - Castrated Male: Capon - Young Female: Pullet - Adult Female: Hen - Birth: Hatching - Gestation: 21 days

Cattle

- Bovine / Calf. Young Male: Bull, Castrated Male: Steer, Young Female: Heifer, Adult Female: Cow. Birth (Calving), Gestation 283 days, 9 months.

American Breeds of Cattle

- Brahman - Brangus -Santa Gertruds -Beefmaster

Types of Welds:

- Butt Weld - Corner Weld - Edge Weld - Lap Weld - Tee Weld

Goats

- Caprine - Kid - Young Male: Jr. Billy - Adult Male: Billy - Castrated Male: Wether - Young Female: Jr. Doe - Adult Female: Doe - Birth: Kidding - Gestation: 151 days, 5 months

What species ends up with mastitis most often?

- Cattle - Milking Goats

Service Learning

- Conducted by one or more students in which they plan, conduct and evaluate a project designed to provide a service to a school, public entity or the community. It must provide benefits to another organization, group or individuals other than the FFA chapter.

Horses:

- Equine - Foal - Young Male: Colt - Adult Male: Stallion - Castrated Male: Gelding - Young Female: Filly - Adult Female: Mare - Birth: Foaling - Gestation: 340 days, 11 months

Computer Software

- Excel - Microsoft Word - PowerPoint - Google Docs - Google Classroom

Smith Hughes Act of 1917

- Formally National Vocational Education Act, is provides federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting pre collegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics. - Created Vocational Agriculture - Mandated supervised farming projects for students. - Federal funding to train teachers. - Moved AgEd curriculum to VoAg I-IV.

4 Stroke Gasoline Engine:

- Intake (SUCK) - Compression (SQUEEZE) - Power (BANG) - Exhaust (BLOW)

Plant Secondary Nutrients. (Micro)

- Iron (Fe) - Manganese (Mn) - Copper (Cu) - Zinc (Zn) - Boron (B) - Chlorine (Cl) - Molybdenum (Mo) - Nickel (Ni)

Types of Welding Processes:

- MIG (Metal Inert Gas) - GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) - Arc Welding - SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) - TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) - GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) - FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding)

Macronutrients

- Nitrogen (N) - Phosphorus (P) - Potassium (K) - Calcium (Ca) - Magnesium (Mg) - Sulfur (S)

Soil Horizons

- O Horizon: Organic - A Horizon: Topsoil, Eluviation - E Horizon: Zone of Leaching - B Horizon: Subsoil, Illuviation - C Horizon: Parent Materials - R Horizon: Bedrock

Nonrenewable Energy

- Oil - Coal - Natural Gas - Nuclear

Sheep

- Ovine - Lamb - Young Male: Ram Lamb - Adult Male: Ram - Castrated Male: Wether - Young Female: Ewe Lamb - Adult Female: Ewe - Birth (Lambing) - Gestation: 148 days, 5 months

Quality Grade Cuts of Meats

- Prime - Choice - Select - Standard -commercial -Cutter -Canner

Oxy-fuel Hoses:

- Red: FUEL - Green: OXYGEN

Factors that control seeds in a greenhouse

- Temperatures - Light - Water

Types of Fire Extinguishers:

- Water: Combustible Materials - Foam: Combustible Materials, Flammable Liquids - Dry Powder: Combustible Materials, Flammable Liquids, Gases, Metals, Electrical Equipment - CO2: Electrical Equipment - Wet Chemical: Deep Fat Fryers - Class A: Solids (wood, paper) - Class B: Liquids (oil, diesel) - Class C: Electrical/Gases - Class D: Metals - Class E: Electrical

Asexual propagation

- Without passage through seed cycle (through cuttings) - Plants that grow in hot-dry climates are plants that have thick succulent stems such as aloe, cactus, etc.

Number of Gavel Taps

-1 Tap= Signal to sit during opening/closing ceremonies, after announcing if a motion passed or failed, meeting adjourned, to gain attention. -2 Taps = Call the meeting to order. -3 Taps = Stand during opening and closing ceremonies. -Sharp Tap or Series of Taps= Restores Order

Partnership

-2 or more persons (co-owners) -2 types - general or limited -Pass through taxation

Grade of Eggs:

-AA - A - B

Carl Perkins Vocational education Act of 1984

-In response to "A Nation at Risk" -To improve the quality of vocational education to give the nation's workforce the marketable skills needed to improve productivity and promote economic growth -Make Voc. Ag. Programs accessible to all persons (Disabled, Disadvantaged, single parents, incarcerated person, adults in need of retraining, eliminate sex bias and stereotyping) -Promote greater cooperation between public agencies and the private sector -Improve the academic foundations of vocational education and aid in the application of new technologies -Replaced the vocational education act of 1963. Affecting funding and have more funding for special populations.

Corporation

-Legally functions separate and apart from its owners •Can be sued, can sue, purchase, sell and own property -Double taxation

Swine

-Porcine / Piglet, Young male: Boar pig, Adult male: Boar, castrated male: barrow Young Female: Gilt, Adult Female: Sow. Birth (Farrowing), Gestation: 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days.

Budget parts

1) Capital outlay- (Big ticket items) > 5,000. 2) Equipment- Under < 5,000 (computers, clippers, etc)3) Curriculum (AET, ICEV, TEXTBOOKS, BOOKS, PAPER COPY)4) Consumables (Welding rods, gas, wood, screws, flowers, etc)5) Teacher Travel (Stock show, Ag convention)6) Student Travel (FFA Activities account)7) Operation and maintenanceFFA Activities

Texas AG Career Clusters (8)

1) Plant systems, 2) Animal Systems, 3) Biotechnology systems, 4) Power Systems, 5) Natural Resource Systems, 6) Environmental Service Systems, 7) Agribusiness systems, 8) Food Products and Processing Systems.

Where should you check for fat on a steer?

12th rib

FFA History Timeline:

1917- Smith Hughes Act 1928-FFA established in Kansas City, MI. 1929- National Blue and Corn Gold colors adopted. 1930- Official FFA Creed by E.M. Tiffany 1933- Blue Corduroy Jackets were adopted as FFA Official Dress. 1952- FFA Code of Ethics adopted, FFA magazine published "The Future Farmer" 1965- New Farmers of America (NFA) merged with Future Farmers of America (FFA). 1969- FFA opens membership to girls. 1971- FFA Alumni started 1988- Future Farmers of America changed it name to the National FFA Organization.

Wildlife Impact in Texas:

1: Whitetail Deer #2: Large Mouth Bass

Opening Ceremonies

1st approve minutes of the previous meeting. 2nd receive reports from the officers. 3rd reports of standing committees (Gather and report on things). 4th Unfinished business (open the floor to previous discussing if time runs out and you needed to table something). 5th Present New Business. 6th Ceremonies (Only used with new members, new officers, and honorary degrees). 7th Announcements. 8th close it with closing ceremonies.

Jersey

2nd in popularity. Developed on the island of Jersey, off the coast of France. First importin in the early 1800's. Coat color ranged from light tan to almost black. (Ability to efficiently convert feed to milk). Lower body maintenance need. Amount of milk produced per cow is lower. Total solids % highest of all breeds.

Meaning of the FFA Emblem

The Cross section of the ear of corn- Provides the foundation for the emblem just as corn has provided the foundation in American Agriculture. The rising sun- Signifies progress and holds a promise that tomorrow will bring a new day, glowing with opportunity. The Eagle- Is a national symbol which serves as a reminder for freedom and to explore new horizons for the future of agriculture. The plow- The plow signifies labor and tillage of the soil, the backbone of agriculture and the historic foundation of our country's strengthThe Owl- Recognized for its wisdom and symbolized the knowledge required to be successful in agriculture.

Program of activities

The POA is a document which defines the chapters goals. An outline of the steps needed to meet these goals. A written guide that allows FFA members, administrators, alumni, advisory committee members and others to know the course that the chapter plants to follow. Simply states the POA is a record WHAT is going to be of done, WHO is going to do it, WHEN it is going to be done, WHERE it will happen, WHY it is happening, how it will be done, and HOW MUCH it is going to cost.

Ohm

The SI unit of electrical resistance, expressing the resistance in a circuit transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt.

Watts

The SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere. Volts X Amps= Watts

FFA Meeting room set up

The Sentinel is stationed by the door, The reporter is stationed by the flag, The treasurer is stationed at the emblem of Washington, The secretary is stationed by the ear of corn, The advisor is by the owl, The vice president by the plow, and The president by the rising sun.

Receptacle

The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.

Vertical Integration:

The combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by seperate companies.

Value:

The estimated worth of something.

Color of Wires for a Trailer:

The ground wire does not have insulation. - Purple: Reverse Lights - Red: Auxiliary - Blue: Trailer Brake - Yellow: Left turn signal - Green: Right turn signal - Brown: Running lights - White: Ground

Pistil

The pistil has three parts: Stigma, Style, and Ovary.

Foundation of Roots

The roots of a flower proved support by anchoring it to the ground.They take up water from the soil for use in photosynthesis. They also actively take nutrients from the soil such as nitrates, phosphates and potassium (Intake of water and nutrients Support the plant. Storage of water and nutrients, Vegetative Reproduction)

Entrepreneurship SAE

The student plans, implements, operates, and assumes financial risks in a farming activity or agricultural business. (EX-Show animals, owning/operating a lawn care business)

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC):

The sum total of all exchangeable cation charges that soil can adsorb: Smaller Particles (Clay)=Higher CEC Larger Particles (Sand)= Lower CEC

Bioremediation:

The use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms or other forms of life to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean up a polluted site.

Why are piglets given iron shots?

Their liver and kidneys cannot quite function yet until they are 3 days old; so they cannot process or create iron and need a boost.

Cactus (Cactaceae)

Thick and stick stems that grow in the dessert (Cacti). Grow in hot dry climates.

Proficiency Award

Throughout their SAEs have developed specialized skills that they can apply towards their future careers; students can complete for awards in 47 areas covering everything from Agricultural Communications to Wildlife Management.

Take from the Table

To again bring a question before the chapter for further consideration.

Rescind

To cancel action taken by the chapter.

Amend

To modify the motion that is under consideration

Discharge a Committee

To permit an assembly to again consider a question that was previously placed in a committee.

Withdraw or Modify a Motion

To permit the modification or withdrawal of a motion from consideration by the chapter.

Reconsider

To permit the reevaluation of a vote previously taken on a motion and to again consider the question.

Adjourn

To terminate or close the meeting

Torque:

Twisting force that causes rotation. Force X Lever arm length = Torque

Feedlot Operation:

Type of animal feeding operation which is used in intensive animal farming for finishing livestock, notably beef cattle.

Charles Sanders Pierce

Unconscious/Unreflective understand of the concept. Being aware of characteristics of a concept. Being able to apply the concept to other concepts encountered in the future. Reflection component.

sexual propagation

Union of pollen (male) with egg (female) to produce a seed.

soil triangle

Used to determine textural classes of soil from the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil

Low-till Farming:

Using a planter or seed drill to move the soil but keeping the disturbance low.

Asymmetrical arrangments

Visual weight on either side of the arrangement is not the same.

Capillary Water:

Water moves in any direction, faster through smaller pores.

Green Manure Crop:

Water moves in any direction, faster through smaller pores.

Infiltration:

Water on the ground or surface that enters the soil.

Chester White

White with drooping ears

Yorkshire

White with erect ears

Division of assembly

a method of taking a vote that physically counts members voting.

Mastitis

an infection in the mammory glands cause by irritation by either a calf or the ground

Exploratory SAE

are designed to help students become literate in agriculture and or become aware of possible careers in agriculture. They are appropriate for beginning for agricultural students but is not restricted to beginning students. (EX- assisting a florist, assisting on a horse farm, assisting a vet)

POA organization

chapters build their program of activities around their committee structure. Committee structure will depend on : size of chapter, involvement of members, number of activities to complete, school and community support, member of advisors.

Pittman Robertson Act of 1937

created and excise tax that funds each state to manage wildlife habitates

Concrete calculations

cubic yards / 27

How do SAE help students

develop skills that can be used in getting a job, provides the opportunity to make money, develop skills that can be used in starting your own business, helps development management skills. Learn record keeping skills, improves analytical and decision making skills, teachers responsibility, and provides the opportunity to explore possible careers. Develop knowledge and skills that could be helpful in college, as a hobby or for recreation. Provides the opportunity to win awards. FFA proficiency awards are based on SAE program. In addition to winning awards, money can be won at regional, state, and national levels.

Perfect Competition

everything is perfect where buyers and sellers have little influence

Fire Triangle

fuel, oxygen, heat

Committee reports

inform chapter of progress made, provide a system of responsibility, allow for discussion and ideas, allow for feedback from members.

Needs assessment

is a systematic process for determining and addressing needs, or "gaps" between current conditions and desired conditions or "wants". The discrepancy between the current condition and wanted condition must be measured to appropriately identify the need. When doing so you want to look at not only the demographics, but major industries around you. This is done to gain further understanding of the community and to allow yourself to teach more effectively as you focus courses based on the community.

Brangus

originated in the US, 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus, solid black, polled. Composite breed classification.

Epidermis

outermost layer of cells covering the leaves

Placement SAE

placement of students on farms and ranch, in agricultural businesses, in school laboratories or in a community facilities to provide a "learning by doing" environment. (EX- florist shop, farm supply store, riding stables, greenhouse, etc)

Main motion

present an item of business for consideration and action.

Matrix organization

pressure for shared resources

Anther

produces pollen

Departmental Organization

reporting relationships that are based mainly on function

Completed POA

should be provided to all members, should be approved by all members, can be used as an informational tool to parents, administration, school board, advisory committee and others.

Monopolistic Competition

spends the most on advertising to differentiate its project

Monopoly

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

Appeal for a decision of the chair

to obtain a decision from the chapter to a question on which the presiding officer has made a decision.

Refer to a committee

to temporarily place the action in question in a committee

Xylem

transports water and dissolved minerals up from the roots

DC / AC

•DC= Direct Current. Flows only one direction and at a constant voltage. Ex: battery •AC= Alternating Current. Does not have constant polarity or voltage. Ex: house outlet

Supply and Demand

•Demand- How much of a product is wanted •Supply - How much of a product you have in stock •Supply and Demand work hand in hand •Ex. The DEMAND for the new iPhone 5 overwhelmed the SUPPLY of the phone, causing the orders to go into backorder.

Depreciation

•Deprecation is often defined as the annual loss in value due to use, wear, tear, or age. •Tangible assets •To be depreciable an asset must: -Have a useful life of over 1 year -Determinable useful life but not unlimited life -Use in a business for the depreciation to be a business expense •LAND IS NOT DEPRECIABLE -Neither is permanent things. -Depreciation Ex - Tractors, fences, buildings.