HIST 117 Exam 1

English Bill of Rights

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.

During the 18th century, chattel slavery was most prevalent in which of the following regions:

Latin America, the West Indies, & the Middle East

Ieyasu used the following methods to centralize the shogun's control

Limited the emperor to Kyoto, conducted the great "sword hunt," and kept his Lord's wives/heirs in Edo

Some religious values and social practices of Emperor Babur included:

Monotheism and Sharia Law

Women in Tokugawa Japan were...

More socially active and present than their Ming/Qing counterparts, but I had no legal rights

Olaudah Equiano

(1745-1797) African who was sold into slavery and bought his way out-kidnapped as a boy (age 11) from his home he was sold into slavery and sold amongst slave traders many times-he served in the Seven Years' War as a captain's boy and was then sold to a slave trader where he went to the Caribbean-from there a white colonist bought him and he eventually bought his way out of slavery-he went to England to live and published a book about slavery and his experiences-his message was widespread and helped to inspire the abolition of slavery

The Forbidden City represents...

The reinforcement of foreigners kowtowing to the son of heaven

Deism

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

While post-reformation Protestant artists tended to emphasize accurate illustrations of human anatomy, Baroque Art...

sought to overwhelm its audience with grandeur, a gilded style, and extravagance

True or False: The Wars of Religion were primarily limited to only a few portions of Europe from the 1520s-1648.

False

True or False: Tokugawa Japan possessed the same amount of natural resources as the Mughal and Qing Empires.

False

Trial of Galileo

Galileo believed that the Earth was not the center of the universe and that it moved but the sun stayed motionless and was the universe. This went against what the church taught and believed. Thus, the church charged Galileo and made him take all of the things he said back. He was then put under house arrest. The significance of this is that it brought new ideas into peoples minds about astronomy.

True or False: British North America was the transatlantic slave trade's primary destination over the course of the 17th to 19th centuries

False

True or False: Emperor Akbar was a grand ruler where the Mughal Empire reached its apex, and also witnessed the development of a steady method of succession.

False

True or False: Prior to the Age of Exploration, the Americas largely consisted of nomadic tribes with no urban centers.

False

True or False: Slavery no longer exists in the 21st century

False

True or False: The Glorious Revolution represented an entirely bloodless transformation in England from an absolutist to a constitutional monarchy system of government.

False

True or False: The Mughal Empire was administered by a Hindu-majority whose subjects included a Muslim minority

False

True or False: The Qing dynasty did not use the same tactics with the Han as Akbar did with the Rajputs.

False

Equiano's narrative signifies:

A former slaves perspective on central elements of the transatlantic slave trade, such as the middle passage, and slave auctions in the west Indies, and clear evidence of how the slave trade promoted a system of exploitation and horror (A & C)

While Machiavelli argued that a good ruler oppresses his subjects, Mornay stated...

A ruler's subject can resist in all circumstances and when a ruler unjustly persecutees their subjects, those subjects can resist. (B & C)

Hobbes argued it is only okay to overthrow a ruler when:

An even stronger ruler comes into power and provides greater protection for the realm

Which function did Versailles serve?

As the French crown's permanent residence, France's royal court, and an amusement park for the nobility

The Black Legend of Spain focused on...

Conquistadors brutal treatment of Amerindians

Which of the following lists DOES NOT best describe why Luther wrote the 95 Theses?

Nepotism, indulgences, and salvation through faith alone

Black Legend of Spain

One Spaniard De Las Casas, recognized that his countrymen were terrible. The Black Legend is the tale that the Spanish unleashed unspeakable cruelties on the Indians. That tale is true but the idea was used by later settlers like the English to justify their own settlements. Like saying they needed to expand their empire to save the indians but were the English that much better?

Which of the following lists best describes the challenges the Qing Empire faced in 1800:

Persistent but ineffective British merchants, and obsolete exam system, out of date civil service, and overstrained agricultural system

The Protestant Reformation was most prevalent in which regions?

Poland, Northern central Germany, Scandinavia, and throughout France

Foot binding

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.

Some tenets of Hinduism include:

Puja, Moksha, Samsara, and polytheism

By the conclusion of the 16th century, which European countries dominated colonization in the New World?

Spain and Portugal

Zheng He's voyages reflect...

The Ming Empire's transindian reach during the 15th century and remarkable breakthroughs in nautical technology (A & B)

"Spirit of the Laws"

This work by Montesquieu called for a separation of powers and heavily influenced the formation of American government

Absolutism is best reflected by which of the following lists:

Thomas Hobbes, Louis XIV, and Versailles

True or False: Before the Protestant Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church was the most dominant religion in western, central and portions of eastern Europe.

True

True or False: The French and Indian War concluded with the saying, "The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire."

True

True or False: While powerful in their own right, neither the Ottoman nor Safavid Empires were able to successfully conquer one another during the 16th century

True

The Ming Empire thrived due to...

Vast natural resources, a large population, and an effective civil service based on Confucius teachings

Some of the challenges early 16th century Europe faced included...

Wars of Succession, an expanding Ottoman Empire, and internal religious tensions

Which of the following reasons best describes why abolitionists first targeted the slave trade to end slavery:

Without a slave trade, plantation owners in the western hemisphere would lose their source of labor, and both age of enlightenment philosophers and religious reformers viewed the slave trade as slavery's most immoral/amoral aspect (A & C)

Treatise on Tolerance

Written in 1763, this was Voltaire's first philosophical work which exposed the Calas Affair (he argued that the judges in the case used their anti-Huguenot prejudices to influence the case); he also criticized tolerance expressed by many different faiths.

John Newton

Wrote Amazing Grace

The Imperial Examination System encouraged...

Wrote memorization of hundreds of thousands of Chinese characters that emphasize Confucius and his disciple's teachings

Which of the following lists only includes Protestant leaders?

Zwingli, Karlstadt, Martin Luther, and John Calvin

Imperial Examination System

a merit based examination to select local talent for state service. The system recruited public officials from every part of China. Any adult male could take the exam regardless of wealth or social standing. It became a standardized system in the 16th century.

Match the following terms a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbes c. Louis XIV Rights d. Versailles e. William & Mary f. Treatise of Civil Government

a. Second treatise of civil government b. Leviathan c. "The Sun King" d. Absolutism e. English Bill of Rights f. ------------------

Match the following terms: a. Akbar Empire b. Babur c. Shah Jahan reign d. Aurangzeb Mughal Empire e. Akbarnama

a. The most powerful/tolerant Mughal empire b. Founding of the Mughal empire c. The Taj Mahal d. Decline of the Mughal empire e. An account of Akbar's reign

Match the following group with their respective geographic location. a. Spain America b. Ottoman Empire South Africa c Aztecs d. Incas e. Huron Region f. Dakota Region

a. Western Europe b. Minor Asia c. Central America d. Western South America e. Great Lakes Region f. Central Plains Region

Of the following lists, which best describes the different technologies that made the Age of Exploration possible?

advanced compasses, astrolabe, and caravels

The Wars of Religion in France were so horrendous because...

all of the major factions used any means possible to advance their cause, both the catholics an Huguenots believed their denomination was superiors, and there was no neat geographical line that divided the 3 factions (A, B, & C)

Baroque Art

art that originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Reformation, characterized by emotional intensity, strong self-confidence, spirit

Babur

founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530.

Select 2 of the following empires: Mughal, Qing, Tokugawa. Contrast 3 major similarities/differences of your selection.

http://asianliterature-articles.blogspot.com/2014/08/similarities-and-differences-between.html Chinese history is dotted with successive dynasties that have taken turns in uniting and ruling the people within the region referred to today as China. Among the most successful of these dynasties are the Qing and Ming dynasties. The two dynasties conducted their domestic and foreign affairs in a manner that many agree to be successful. Even though each dynasty had its unique problem and issues to deal with-most of which were inherited from their predecessors- there are particular attributes that they held in common. The Ming dynasty came as a result of discontent among the Chinese. The dynasty lasted for about three centuries, being in place from 1368-1644. The opposition of the Chinese to the Yuan dynasty coupled with the weakness of the Yuan Empire resulted in their deposition. The leader of the rebellion established himself as the new emperor. There were various changes that were instituted during the Ming dynasty. All dimensions of society were brought under state control. Even though there was no remarkable improvement on the life of the Chinese people, the Ming dynasty is among the most important with regard to the resurgence of the Chinese. There is much evidence to suggest that the Ming period witnessed an unprecedented growth in Chinese civilization and the maturity of the traditional Chinese civilization in the final phase of what can be seen as its relatively intramural isolation and splendor (Ebrey et al., 2008). During this dynasty, there was a steady population increase, an increase in the level of literacy reinforced by growing sub-elite and elite cultural forms. The period also witnessed the filling out of the system of urban networks mirroring the expansion of productivity and exchange. The epochs expansiveness is also seen in the absorption of the inland southern and southwestern provinces. The Qing dynasty was similar to the Ming dynasty in several respects. The emperor implemented a form of government that was similar to that implemented during the Ming dynasty. The epoch also witnessed the expansion of the Chinese territory and growth in population. China during the Qing dynasty mirrored the dynamics that were also common to the Ming dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, China continued to struggle with the problems of economic reconstruction, modernization and the resistance of foreign military and encroachment. The problems and their solutions were ingrained in the challenges that characterized the two dynasties. The two dynasties appear to have been characterized by powerful governance. The strength, assertiveness and the high centralization of the regimes can be attributed to their founders. However, it may be argued that the desire and will of the early Ming emperors to centralize and to assert the supremacy of their will over acts of governance was in fact not as effectively institutionalized as they had intended and it could be that the rulers deceived themselves into believing that it actually was (Adler Pouwels, 2007). The preference of the Chinese to solve all social problems ethically rather than technically established limitations in the manner in which both the governments operated which had the result of deflecting the exercise of power. Even though this argument has some weight, the atmosphere of great power cannot be dismissed. The evidence of this can be found in the enhanced position of China in East Asia during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasties. The political history of both the Ming and Qing dynasties despite their strong beginnings is far from being a consistent achievement. There is wide consensus that the dynasties represented great achievements in Chinese civilization. However, it has also been conceived as representing ineradicable flaws of forms against actualities, as systems that were in constant need of patching up but never fictile to thoroughgoing rational correction. It must also be said that the governing of the Ming China was a mammoth undertaking, fantastic in its assumptions, majestic in its professional ideals and widely complicated in the interplay of ideal and actual patterns that characterized its daily existence. The same applies to the Qing dynasty.Despite these similarities, the Ming and Qing dynasties were different in various remarkable ways. The Ming dynasty, having been a consequence of rebellion against perceived foreign leaders, was mainly seen as a Chinese dynasty. The Qing dynasty on the other hand was seen as an outside dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, the highest positions were held by the Manchu while the lower positions were held by the Chinese. The fact that Qing dynasty was a non-Chinese dynasty had various implications. The most important relates with how the emperor related with the subjects and how the Chinese viewed their rulers and themselves.Both the two dynasties struggled with rebellion. Even though Qianlong struggled to display Chinese virtues, he was not entirely confident that his rule was supported by the Chinese. He did not hesitate to act on those he considered to espouse anti-Manchu sentiments. Apart from this, the two dynasties also struggled with massive corruption among the officials. For instance, an official whom the Qianlong emperor favored to various posts reserved for experienced officials was openly corrupt and the emperor did not take any action to stop him (Ebrey at al., 2008).Being a non-Chinese dynasty, the Qianlong emperor understood that he could only hold the empire together by talking in political and religious idioms of his subjects. In this regard, he was a patron of Confucianism apart from being patron of other religions within China. In conclusion, there are various similarities and differences that existed between the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty. Like their predecessors, they were characterized by massive corruption and discontent. They were also threatened by both internal rebellion and external threats. However, the nature of the two dynasties was different. The Ming dynasty was mainly seen as a Chinese dynasty while the Qing dynasty was considered an outside dynasty. The two dynasties struggled to maintain their hold on their subjects despite the rebellions that were mainly a characteristic feature. The structure of the two dynasties did not however differ except for the fact that the Chinese held minor positions during the Qing dynasty. In order to trace the growth of various tendencies in China, it is important to make a comparison between the various dynasties. The dynasties rose and fell based on various circumstances that are anything but predictable and inevitable. Both the Ming and Qing empires were among the great land based empires during the middle and early modern periods. With the fall of the dynasties, there is much that can be learned with regard to patterns of revolution and nationalism which is characteristic of the collapse of other empires in general. There is much that can be drawn from the two dynasties with regard to imperial legacy to develop clear ideas of distinct languages, aristocratic traditions, religions and homelands.

The three periods of Mughal-Hindu relations can be best defined as:

intolerant, inclusive, calamitous