Geography-Ethiopia case study
What are the main problems of Rostow's model?
-TIMING -Some countries will work through stages more quickly/ slowly -Does not explain WHY COUNTRIES PROGRESS -The can be countries which have diverse areas e.g. some areas are at stage 2 and others at 4 -Only goes up to stage 5 - what happens after that? -Countries have DIFFERENT STARTING POINTS
What are the eight MDGs?
1- Poverty and hunger 2- Primary education 3- Gender equality 4- Child mortality 5- Maternal health 6- Combat disease 7- Environmental sustainability 8- Global partnerships
What is the birth rate for Ethiopia?
33%.
How much of Ethiopia's trade are cash crops?
80%
What is the death rate for Ethiopia?
9%.
What is a subsistence farmer?
A farmer who produces just enough food to feed themselves or family.
Who are usually the givers of aid and what are they called?
ACs - AID DONORS.
What is the capital city?
Addis Ababa (central).
What is the definition of INDIRECT BENEFIT?
An add-on benefit from an investment (e.g. increase in tax).
What is the definition of DIRECT BENEFIT?
An obvious benefit from an investment (e.g. for the workers).
What does Ethiopia trade and how much of it?
Coffee - 28% Oilseeds - 15% Livestock - 23% Vegetables and legumes - 15% Flowers - 9%
What is the definition of CASH CROPS?
Crops that are grown to sell and are of no use to the farmer.
Where is Ethiopia?
East Africa surrounded by five neighbouring countries such as Somalia (E) and Sudan (N+W).
What ocean is it next to?
Indian Ocean.
Who are usually the receivers of aid and what are they called?
LIDCs - AID RECIPIENTS.
What runs through Ethiopia?
Lake Abaya (through the center).
Growing population=
More to provide for=lower quality of life.
Describe drive to maturity:
Most of the jobs are high skill secondary jobs with a range of produce manufactured.
Describe take off:
Most of the jobs are secondary (manufactured goods/industry), however the produce is low skill e.g. clothes.
Describe High mass consumption:
Most of the jobs are tertiary and quaternary jobs e.g. doctors and researchers. These people are able to improve the quality of life for others and are high paying.
What is the GIRL EFFECT?
NGOs are mainly targeting girls. This is because in most LIDCs, women are not treated equally resulting in a doomed future, however they are trying to provide safe schools for girls to overcome this problem. This increases the amount of people able to provide money for themselves or for their family. They are making women/ girls more powerful.
What are Ethiopia's main imports?
Petroleum, trucks, fertilisers, construction and wheat.
What are most of the jobs in Ethiopia?
Primary, agricultural jobs such as farming. These are low skill and have a low pay.
What does Rowstow's model suggest?
That there are five stages to become a HIC from an LIDC.
What does MDG stand for and mean?
The Millennium Development Goals were goals set up in 2000 to improve the quality of life in LIDCs. There are eight goals and the UNITED NATIONS set this up however it is based in New York. The deadline was 2015.
What is the definition of INVESTMENT?
The action or process of investing money for profit. (However it doesn't have to be money).
Describe the primary stage:
The majority of jobs are Primary jobs where they are not able to make a lot of money e.g. subsistence farmers.
Which parts of Ethiopia are more developed?
The northern areas: they have more roads, airport is near).
What is the definition of AID?
The process of helping or supporting a cause with money, technology or advice.
Describe pre-conditions for take off:
There are still mainly primary jobs however the crops can be sold and traded, therefore the workers receive a bit of money.
How is the development in Ethiopia (basic answer)
They are developing with an increasing GNI, however development is much lower and slower than other LIDCs or countries.
How do we know that Ethiopia is starting to industrialise?
They are importing a lot of resources like petroleum which is fuel for machines and cars in order to work more efficiently and start manufacturing/ constructing. This also improves the agriculture.
Why is Ethiopia's trade not very useful?
They are mainly cash crops (no use to them), they are all natural products produced by farming. This means that the produce is cheap and not valuable. Ethiopia, therefore, does not receive a lot of money and actually receives less money for the goods that they sell. Trade deficit.
Why is trade important?
Trade creates wealth to spend on things e.g. for better services. It is also important to receive materials which Ethiopia can use to improve their country. It also creates lots of new, higher skilled jobs, which increases the GNI and tax (more tax = more money spent on services to improve the quality of life).
What are the five stages in Rowstow's model? With examples.
Traditional society (Ethiopia), Pre-conditions for take off (Philippines), Take off (Thailand), Drive to maturity (China), High mass consumption (Japan).
What does TNC stand for?
Trans National Country.
Describe Ethiopia's climate
Western highlands is full of vegetation, however it is also mountainous making it hard to farm. Produce includes coffee, wheat and grain. The central area is in the middle (a little bit of rainfall). The Eastern lowlands have very little rainfall and the only thing that can be grown is grass. There are many goats in this area as they are able to withstand the drought conditions.
What is trade deficit?
When the import is more expensive than the export.
What is the definition of the POSITIVE MULTIPLIER EFFECT?
Where one benefit leads on to another, resulting in a positive effect being left.
Does Ethiopia receive trade? If so give detail...
Yes, in particular in food. 5 million people are provided with food aid. These are mostly given by NGOs. Every year, Ethiopia receive an estimated $550 million in aid.
Key background info on Ethiopia
Young population (40% of population are 15 or under), thought of as being the beginning of civilisation, landlocked, large population, low life expectancy, diverse landscape (vegetation to deserts).
What is the total value of Ethiopia's trade?
£3 billion