Coral Reef Test

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What type of reef is about 60 miles offshore

Barrier reef

Who was the first scientist to explain how atolls are formed?

Charles Darwin

What is the lottery hypothesis?

The outcome of competition is based on chance/luck

What type of reef is circular with a lagoon?

atoll

All of the sediment that accumulates on the reef is what

biogenous

Coral has a mutualistic relationship with?

zooxanthellae

How fast can giant kelp grow

20-24 inches a day

soft non reef building coral

Ahermatypic

What do we call the growth of coralline algae that is found on the outer edge of coral reefs

Algal Ridge

Which of the following is atypical coral?

Black coral

What another name for cyanobacteria?

Blue green algae

What kind of algae is kelp

Brown Algae

Type of fish that eats coral polyps

Butterfly fish

The skeleton of coral is made of what

Calcium carbonate

Factors that affect distribution of kelp

Cold water Hard substrate Light Low wave action growth

What do we call the expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable circumstances

Coral bleaching

What is the most important organism that helps to build the reef other than the corals themselves

Coralline / calcareous algae

What do we call algae like halometa that grows up and out of rock crevices?

Coralline algae

Predation on coral and population explosion

Crown of thorns sea star

What organism is the glue of the coral reef that holds the reef together

Encrusting algae

Reef closest to shore

Fringing

What is the most common reef?

Fringing reef

What type of reef is found off fl keys

Fringing reef

What is the largest (area) reef in the world

Great barrier Reef

What are hermatypic Corals?

Hard reef building corals

What do we call reef building coral that excretes limestone?

Hermatypic

Most atolls are found?

Indo-west pacific

What do we all the sheltered body of water that is separated from the ocean by a sandbar or reef?

Lagoon

What do we call conversion of nitrogen into usable nitrogen as in nitrate

Nitrogen Fixation

Is there a lot of plankton in tropical waters?

No

What do we call a transfer of materials like nitrogen and phosphorus between two symbionts?

Nutrient Recycling

Primary production is high in coral reef even with low nutrients because

Nutrient recycling

Where do fringing and barrier reefs develop

On continental shelf

gas filled float on

Pneumatosis

What is the longest reef overall

Red Sea Reef

What do we call the wide and shallow surface of the coral reef?

Reef Flat

What is the deepest most diverse area of the reef?

Reef Slope

In a typical reef most of the live coral is found where

Reef crest

What do the mesenterial filaments of coral do

Secrete digestive enzymes

What do we call the stem like portion of the thallus of the seaweed?

Stipe

What climate do we find kelp

Temperate climate

What is the top layer of a kelp forest called

The canopy

Why do reef building corals only grow in shallow, clear water

The zooxanthellae need sunlight

Why are sea otters important in kelp forest

They are a keystone species ( they eat all the sea urchins who eat the kelp)

What is a competitive advantage of soft corals

They are toxic

Type of algae that grows over the surface of rocks like grass

Turf algae

Other than zooxanthellae what is another important primary producer

Turf algae (fleshy algae)

How are atolls formed

Volcanic island sinks

What causes spurring grooves on reefs?

Waves and wind

What is a symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellate

Zooxanthellae

Different ways corals get food

Zooxanthellae Mesenterial filaments Zooplankton Absorb absolved organic matter

What phylum do corals belong to

cnidaria

What do we call the overgrowth of algae due to many nutrients

eutrophication

What do we call a side of an atoll sheltered from wind?

leeward

Organisms that eat seaweed on the reef

parrotfish, damselfish, snails, turtles, sea urchins, surgeonfish

What do we call a coral larvae

planula

What stage are reef building corals in

polyps

Some cyanobacteria have a symbiosis relationship with?

sponges


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