Coral Reef Test
What type of reef is about 60 miles offshore
Barrier reef
Who was the first scientist to explain how atolls are formed?
Charles Darwin
What is the lottery hypothesis?
The outcome of competition is based on chance/luck
What type of reef is circular with a lagoon?
atoll
All of the sediment that accumulates on the reef is what
biogenous
Coral has a mutualistic relationship with?
zooxanthellae
How fast can giant kelp grow
20-24 inches a day
soft non reef building coral
Ahermatypic
What do we call the growth of coralline algae that is found on the outer edge of coral reefs
Algal Ridge
Which of the following is atypical coral?
Black coral
What another name for cyanobacteria?
Blue green algae
What kind of algae is kelp
Brown Algae
Type of fish that eats coral polyps
Butterfly fish
The skeleton of coral is made of what
Calcium carbonate
Factors that affect distribution of kelp
Cold water Hard substrate Light Low wave action growth
What do we call the expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable circumstances
Coral bleaching
What is the most important organism that helps to build the reef other than the corals themselves
Coralline / calcareous algae
What do we call algae like halometa that grows up and out of rock crevices?
Coralline algae
Predation on coral and population explosion
Crown of thorns sea star
What organism is the glue of the coral reef that holds the reef together
Encrusting algae
Reef closest to shore
Fringing
What is the most common reef?
Fringing reef
What type of reef is found off fl keys
Fringing reef
What is the largest (area) reef in the world
Great barrier Reef
What are hermatypic Corals?
Hard reef building corals
What do we call reef building coral that excretes limestone?
Hermatypic
Most atolls are found?
Indo-west pacific
What do we all the sheltered body of water that is separated from the ocean by a sandbar or reef?
Lagoon
What do we call conversion of nitrogen into usable nitrogen as in nitrate
Nitrogen Fixation
Is there a lot of plankton in tropical waters?
No
What do we call a transfer of materials like nitrogen and phosphorus between two symbionts?
Nutrient Recycling
Primary production is high in coral reef even with low nutrients because
Nutrient recycling
Where do fringing and barrier reefs develop
On continental shelf
gas filled float on
Pneumatosis
What is the longest reef overall
Red Sea Reef
What do we call the wide and shallow surface of the coral reef?
Reef Flat
What is the deepest most diverse area of the reef?
Reef Slope
In a typical reef most of the live coral is found where
Reef crest
What do the mesenterial filaments of coral do
Secrete digestive enzymes
What do we call the stem like portion of the thallus of the seaweed?
Stipe
What climate do we find kelp
Temperate climate
What is the top layer of a kelp forest called
The canopy
Why do reef building corals only grow in shallow, clear water
The zooxanthellae need sunlight
Why are sea otters important in kelp forest
They are a keystone species ( they eat all the sea urchins who eat the kelp)
What is a competitive advantage of soft corals
They are toxic
Type of algae that grows over the surface of rocks like grass
Turf algae
Other than zooxanthellae what is another important primary producer
Turf algae (fleshy algae)
How are atolls formed
Volcanic island sinks
What causes spurring grooves on reefs?
Waves and wind
What is a symbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellate
Zooxanthellae
Different ways corals get food
Zooxanthellae Mesenterial filaments Zooplankton Absorb absolved organic matter
What phylum do corals belong to
cnidaria
What do we call the overgrowth of algae due to many nutrients
eutrophication
What do we call a side of an atoll sheltered from wind?
leeward
Organisms that eat seaweed on the reef
parrotfish, damselfish, snails, turtles, sea urchins, surgeonfish
What do we call a coral larvae
planula
What stage are reef building corals in
polyps
Some cyanobacteria have a symbiosis relationship with?
sponges
