Corrections

In 2012, tne average length of probation was

23 months

California set to release ___ nonviolent, low-level prisoners to local level community supervision programs

33,000

On average, a 1,000 bed jail turns over completely _____ times a year.

36

On average there is a ___ weekly turnover rate for jails

60%

According to research, judges following the recommendations of presentence reports in over _______ of the decisions they make.

90%

All of the following are factors that determine how long a person waits for a trial except?

Age of the offender

According to scholars, Selling and Rusche and Kirchheimer, the best correctional techniques are derived from which of the following?

All of the above

As poverty increased in various European cities so did

All of the above

Which of the following are examples of common structural elements of prisons?

All of the above

Which of the following are examples of the conditions of the Old Stone Jail?

All of the above

Which of the following is an example of the groups that probation officers can specialize in?

All of the above

Individuals convicted of felonies D.C. and Indian lands fall under which jurisdiction?

Federal

All of the following were examples of punishments that were used during the later Middle Ages except

Fines

The legal system of the early Middle Ages relied _____ as compensation for an offense.

Fines

All of the following were examples of punishments that were used during Middle Ages except

House arrest

Probation officers have the authority to interview which of the following?

all of the above

Probation philosophy is translated into polices and procedures by which of the following agencies?

all of the above

Probation staff members have a wide latitude in preparing the presentence report which include

all of the above

Sellin's Slavery and the Penal System (1976) analyzed countries in

all of the above

There are more individuals on probation in the community than there are in

all of the above

Which of the following are considered functions of a prison?

all of the above

Which of the following are considered important sources of correctional philosophy?

all of the above

Which of the following are crimes that are covered under the federal penal code?

all of the above

Which of the following are examples of services that have suffered due to budget constraints?

all of the above

Which of the following are examples of what prison architects plan for?

all of the above

Which of the following are restricted during a prison lockdown?

all of the above

Which of the following can impact state incarceration rates?

all of the above

Which of the following states have determinate sentencing laws?

all of the above

which of the following conditions increased in the 15th century?

all of the above

which of the following is an example of what a presentence report notes?

all of the above

European houses of corrections reached their peak in which of the following eras?

mercantilism

Which of the following theories is emphasized by probation?

Rehabilitation

Probation is reserved for which of the following?

all of the above

A fine was referred to as a "wergild" in early Middle Ages

true

If a person's sentence is less than 12 months, they will serve their time in jail.

true

It is estimated that almost half of the inmates have serious mental health issues

true

Jails are often used as holding facilities for individuals who are being transferred

true

Jails were also known as goals

true

Jurisprudence is the theory or philosophy of law?

true

Non-celebrities are held, tried, and sentences without much press.

true

The evolution of punishment is rooted in the social cultures in which it occurs

true

The first jail in colonial Philadelphia was a 7 ft. by 5 ft. cage

true

The role of probation officers is divided into investigation and supervision

true

In 2012, juveniles made up less than ___ of the jail population

1%

At the end of 2012, the prison population was more than ____ million prisoners

1.57

In 2012, there were ___ prisoners in the state of Florida/

101,930

In 2005, there were ____ federal prison facilities dispersed across the country

106

The Old Stone Jail was built in

1718

Releasing offenders on their own recognizance was developed in the

1800s

Illinois developed predictive tools designed to computer the odds that a parolee would succeed upon release in the ________.

1920s

sentencing commisions were created in the __ to regulate the disparities in sentences within states.

1970s

There are more than _____ probation agencies in the U.S.

2,000

More than ______ states and the federal government utilize sentencing commissions.

20

According to the authors, _____ of jails inmates nationwide are confined for a drop or alcohol bust.

20%

All of the following are important factors that contribute to the effectiveness of probation except?

A large caseload size

which of the following thinks discussed the concept of just deserts?

Andrew Von Hirsch

All of the jail data listed below are easy to collect except?

Education level

In 2009 the state prison population increased slightly.

False

Which of the following individuals was responsible for establishing the modern form of probation and for creating the presentence investigation report?

John Augustus

A body of free men were responsible for imposing the fines on offenders in the early Middle Ages, who were these individuals?

Landowners

Which of the following is not an example of a public order offense?

Larceny

the _____ approves the decisions made by the sentencing commissions.

Legislature

Which of the following is not an factor that exerts influence on the punishment system?

Location

The first country jails in the United States were used for all of the following except

Long terms

Which of the following is not an example of a violent offense?

Motor vehicle theft

All of the following are components that can affect a probation officers workload except?

Officers physical agility

Which of the following is not an example of specialized case?

Petty theft offenders

Which of the following works on penology illustrated the relationship between punishment systems with transformations in social, political, and economic conditions?

Punishment and Social Structure (1939)

Deterrence theory is closely related to which of the following theories?

Retributive Justice

Which of the following is an example of a violent offense?`

Robbery

Which of the following is not an example of the way that departments are focusing on reducing recidivism?

Selecting candidates who are more likely yo use the law

Which of the following is not one of the penal code revisions that took place in the 1980s?

Shorten the terms of incarceration

Which of the following is an extreme example of imprisonment, a form of social control?

Slavery

Which of the following works on penology chronicles how the forms and jurisprudence of criminal punishment related to the transformation of slavery?

Slavery and the Penal System (1939)

ALl of the follwoing are examples of whom a probation officer can interact with except?

Speak with the know criminal associates of the probationer

unbounded retributive justice is consistent with which political system?

Totalitarian

All of the following are factors that have contributed to the low probation rates except

Tough on crime attitudes

Which of the following cases required that the facts used in structured sentencing systems be proved before a jury or agreed through a plea bargain

U.S. v. Booker

Which of the following is not a factor that is taken into account after sentencing and during the probation officers first meeting with the offender?

Where the offender will reside

Prisons vary widely in

all of the above

According to the Brown, Governor of California, et al. v. Plata et al. prison contributed to a breakdown of which of the following?

all of the above

Case management tools can assist probation officers with

all of the above

In 2002, the jail population was divided into even quarters between which of the following?

all of the above

Jail populations are hugely varied; they can include which of the following?

all of the above

all of the following are components of the core idea of rehabilitation except

antisocial behavior

the modern era of penology consists of all of the following except

death penalty

_____________ implies that individuals are sentenced via more exact terms

determinate sentencing

A large portion of the public is against the use of probation for crime control

false

About 75% of individuals in jail are awaiting trial or sentencing.

false

According to the authors, the myths that underlie the conventional treatment are an accurate reflection of American corrections

false

Early local jails were small and held only murderers

false

In the 1920's suffragists were thrown into prison.

false

Philadelphias's Eastern State Petitionary i one of the smallest structures in the country.

false

Scholars Seling and Rusche and Kirchheimer was influenced by Hegel thought.

false

The major mode of punishment in the 17th century was capital punishment.

false

all of the following are components of criminogenic needs that are measured during a risk assessment except

gender

All of the following are true of deterrence theory except

it is more effective for youth

Which of the following is not an example of how sentencing decisions are determined?

recommendations by the defendants

WHich of the following factors does nto determine the quality of the supervision or the rate of recidivism?

the income of the offender