COUN 5334 Chapter 1-5

Which of the following statements is true with regard to ethical codes

Conflicts sometimes emerge within ethics codes and among various organizations' codes

Each major mental health professional organization has its own code of ethics; however, most of these codes are

broad and general and do not provide specific answers to ethical dilemmas

The highest standards of thinking and a professional's willingness to reflect on the effects their interventions may have on the welfare of their clients describes what kind of ethics

Aspirational ethics

Which of the following is NOT a sign of therapist decay

Accepting clients within one's scope of competence

Which of the following court cases involved an employee assistance program provider who refused to counsel homosexual clients on the basis of religious beliefs and was eventually terminated by her employe

Bruff vs. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc.

Joanne finds herself wanting to solve her client's problems, which are similar to the issues her daughter is going through. Joanne gives advice and feels frustrated when her client won't follow through on her suggestions. Her emotional reactions to her client, which involve her own projections, is based on

Countertransference

____________ influences every facet of our existence, so it is essential that culturally responsive practice be central in all that we do.

Culture

___________ is a three-stage developmental sequence, from multicultural awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications.

Culture-centered counseling

The major duties of regulating boards include which of the following

Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good

Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit?

Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use

Martina has been working at a crisis intervention center for three years and is starting to have nightmares about her work. Despite having a strong work ethic, she dreads her job because she feels burdened by the lack of power she has in making decisions pertaining to the treatment of her clients. Martina is experiencing:

burnout

Rather than focusing on best practices, many ethics courses focus on:

Laws, disciplinary codes, and risk management strategy

Which of the following is NOT a way you can involve yourself in therapeutic experiences that can increase your availability to clients?

Limiting travel and new experiences

__________________ is/are not reserved exclusively for the irresponsible practitioner. Clients may make allegations of unethical conduct or file a legal claim due to negligence, even though the counselor may have acted ethically and appropriately.

Malpractice claims

___________ counseling can be operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics of the cultures of both of these individuals.

Multicultural

The Death and Dignity act is a law in which state?

Oregon

Which of the following therapist behaviors might be indicative of a countertransference reaction?

Overprotecting or rejecting a client

Which of the following focuses NOT ONLY on how professionals can harm clients, but also on how therapists can do better at helping clients

Positive ethics

Some sources of counselor stress include all of the following EXCEPT

Practicing mindfulness

___________ should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken.

Progress notes

Self-care involves:

Searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness.

Which of the following models of ethical decision making focuses primarily on the social aspects of decision making and redefines the process as being interactive rather than intrapsychic?

Social constructionist model

In regards to unethical behavior of colleagues, the National Association of Social Workers states:

Social workers should take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose, and correct the unethical conduct of colleagues."

Which one of the following reasons for the underutilization of mental health services by minority groups is NOT true?

The medical model of clinical counseling is a good fit for this population and is not utilized enough.

A client-defined sense of spirituality?

can be a significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process

Concerning counseling via the Internet, which statement is most accurate?

There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services.

Cathy is an eating disorders specialist who has a past history of bulimia. Given her personal experiences with dysfunctional eating patterns, Cathy

can draw upon her life experiences in her work as a counselor

The first essential step towards ethical decision making is:

identifying the problem or dilemma

In an attempt to convince her young client to practice safe sex, Valerie fabricated her own statistics and facts about the hazards of unprotected sex. In this instance, Valerie violated the principle of

Veracity

The counselor who asks the questions "Am I doing what is best for my client?" rather than "Is this situation unethical?" is functioning from which of the following ethical perspectives

Virtue ethics

Written consent forms should NOT include:

a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues.

Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called?

a discriminatory referral

Tanya seems to meet some of her personal needs through counseling her clients. This is

acceptable as long as these needs do not assume priority or get in the way of her clients' growth

Therapists who work with violent and suicidal clients

are particularly vulnerable to stress.

A formal complaint was filed against Harry for sexually harassing a female client. A repeat offender, he was previously warned that a major sanction would be imposed if he continued his unethical actions. The ethics committee of the professional association to which he belongs most likely recommended that Harry

be expelled from the organization.

According to the authors, the first step in the process of acquiring multicultural counseling skills in a training program should be that students:

become involved in a self-exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethnic blind spots.

Although the ethics codes of the various professional organizations have specific differences, some of the common themes include

being interested in the welfare of clients, avoiding harm and exploitation, and protecting client's confidentiality and privacy

It is the authors' position that counselors would NOT work well with diverse populations if they:

believe that they are free from any racist attitudes, beliefs, and or feelings.

An ethical obligation that provides a major link between ethics and self-care is

competence

An ethical issue arises when

counselors encourage and promote dependence on the part of their clients.

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs or lack thereof if they hope to gain an in depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients

Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for:

dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.

According to researchers, counselors personal religious values?

may affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues

The culturally encapsulated counselor is characterized by:

define reality according to a narrow set of cultural assumptions and fail to evaluate other viewpoints, making little attempt to understand and accept the behavior of others.

Self-compassion involves

developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgmental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves

Sexual or romantic feelings toward a client:

does not necessarily mean that the counselor cannot effectively work with the client.

The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to:

educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability, and serve as a catalyst for improving practice

A cross-cultural counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of his or her own life experiences is said to be culturally:

encapsulated.

Research has provided evidence that therapists values influence?

every phase of psychotherapy

The presence of chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards is called

impairment

Ronald directs his clients toward solutions instead of encouraging them to seek alternatives for themselves. He is likely to have a strong need:

for approval and/or to feel a sense of achievement and accomplishment.

Informed consent generally implies that the person:

has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.

Ruth is counseling a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her clients viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is?

imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the clients reasons for staying in the marriage

Most ethical codes specify that therapists should

inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cost of insurance, long-term insurability, and employment.

The intent of a(n) ___________ is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client.

informed consent document

Expulsion or suspension of members from professional associations

is a major sanction

Termination of the therapy process

is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist

Frank is a Native American college student who is seeking information about his career choice from a male counselor. The counselor notices that he uses very little eye contact and needs to recognize that Frank:

is likely to view direct eye contact as a lack of respect.

Denise is a Euro-American social worker who is a former welfare client. A divorcee and mother of four, she succeeded in completing her degree and getting off the system in four years. She is now working in a welfare-to-work program and sets similar goals for her multicultural clients. Denise's attitude and actions indicate that she:

is operating out of the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.

With respect to values in the counseling process, the authors contend that?

it is important that counselors clarify their values and the ways in which they enter the therapeutic process

Jan, an incest survivor, is covered for six sessions by her insurance. Her counselor is in private practice and knows that Jan needs more sessions. She decides to offer Jan her services pro bono. In making the ethical decision to ensure that her client has equal access to services, the counselor is using the basic moral principal of

justice

When a complaint is lodged against a member of a professional organization, the ethics committee:

launches an investigation and deliberates on the case, eventually reaching a disposition.

Because providing counseling services over the Internet (also known as remote services or distance counseling) is relatively new and controversial, a host of legal questions will NOT be addressed until:

lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use, or misuse, in counseling practice.

Elizabeth, a beginning practitioner, counsels in a manner in which she merely acts in compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level of ethical functioning, which is

mandatory ethics

James and Mary were in counseling for marital problems. The counselor decided to meet each partner in an individual session before meeting them as a couple. James confided that he was HIV-positive and was not going to tell his spouse because she would know that he had been unfaithful. The counselor decided to break confidentially after attempts to encourage James to inform his wife of his condition were unsuccessful. The counselor's action:

may be considered ethical, but the practitioner could be in violation of a legal standard

Reporting requirements in codes:

may not align with state laws or regulations

_________ is concerned with perspectives of right and proper conduct and involves an evaluation of actions on the basis of some broader cultural context or religious standard

morality

Ethics codes are _____________ for exercising ethical responsibility

necessary but not sufficient

Counselors who have unresolved personal conflicts

need to recognize that their problems may interfere with their effectiveness and refrain from activities that would harm a client.

Richard is counseling a male Asian client and is encouraging him to go to college even though he is expected to take care of his aging parents. Richard is violating the following basic moral principle in making ethical decisions:

non-maleficence

Mary is seeking abortion counseling rom a practitioner who has been actively involved in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary's values and doesn't think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he?

not refer Mary, but work within the client's values rather than his own. If he cannot obtain objectivity, he will need supervision to work together through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment.

Rhonda is a counselor at a drug and alcohol treatment center. She grew up in an alcoholic home and is not fully aware of the "unfinished business" she has with her parents. She is still angry and resents her parents for having to grow up in an alcoholic family system. It is most likely that Rhonda will:

obstruct the progress of her clients as they attempt to move towards recovery

Informing students prior to entering a training program that self-exploration will be part of their training:

only minimally satisfies the requirement for informed consent

Obtaining consultation is important because

our prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment creates an inability to view a situation objectively.

As therapists, we are often in the role of giver; to preserve our vitality, we need to create spaces in which the "giver" can be supported. A necessary form of ongoing self-care to help in this support is:

personal therapy

Ongoing self-care is an essential part of a therapist's professional competence and

personal wellness program.

Disclosures should be given in:

plain language in a culturally sensitive manner and must be understandable to clients, including minors and people with impaired cognitive functioning.

Virtuous professionals

possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions

When practitioners devote a portion of their professional time and skills to services for which there is no expectation of significant financial return, they are

providing pro bono services

Ethics codes tend to be:

reactive rather than proactive

Practitioners can help expand their awareness and clarify their values in dealing with the challenges of their work through

reading and reflecting on the standards.

Which of the following is not true about referrals?

referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals

Graduate programs provide insufficient training in

self-care

Ongoing problems associated with the work of helping professionals include all of the following EXCEPT

self-care

Statements such as "Minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament" and "In order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working" do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of:

stereotypical beliefs.

Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by:

supporting her client's attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship.

To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which:

the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care.

Autonomy refers to

the promotion of self-determination and the freedom of clients to be self-governing within their social and cultural framework

It is believed that countertransference involves

the therapist's total emotional responses to a client including feelings, associations, fantasies, and fleeting images

The US District court in Julea Ward vs. Eastern Michigan university ruled that?

the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference or socioeconomic status

The definition of a minor varies from state to state; howeve

the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16-year-olds to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.

When practitioners weigh multiple and often competing demands and goals, they must use

their professional judgment

The authors state that, in many ways, therapeutic encounters serve as mirrors in which therapists can see their own lives reflected. As a result:

therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client.

Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today?

they are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play major part in the clients life, and can be significant source of strength

________ is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist

transference

Empathy fatigue is common in professionals who

treat survivors of stressful and traumatic events; treat people with mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders; and work in vocational settings with people with mental and physical disabilities

Thomas has AIDS and has decided to end his life rather than continuing suffering. The counselor he is working with does not condone rational suicide. In this case, the counselor needs to?

work with Thomas rather than referring him, and seek supervision and education to assist the counselor to be more capable of working with Thomas.

When counselors become overly concerned with meeting their own needs or pushing their own personal agendas, their behavior becomes

unethical

Robert runs into the office, unprepared and frustrated because he is late for his weekly appointment with his first client of the day. He is consistently late for his appointments. His behavior is

unprofessional

Client dependence is less of an issue

with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions