CPH 1

What are the 3 levels of practice of the intervention wheel? A. Educator, family, an healer B. Community, systems, and individual C. Community, nutritionist, and physician D. Nursing, family, and interprofessional team

B. Community, systems, and individual Rationale: The intervention wheel is a model that encompasses community, systems, and individuals. The 3 levels of practice of the intervention wheel do not include the educator, family, healers, nutritionist, physician, or nursing.

What are the Millennium Development Goals? A. National health goals B. Global health initiatives C. Universal health incentives D. Worldwide economic development initiatives

B. Global health initiatives Rationale: The Millennium Development Goals are global health initiatives that have been identified to improve the lives of the world's poorest. They are not national health goals, universal health incentives, or economic initiatives.

Which nursing theory examines nursing problems from a microscopic perspective? A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Framework for prevention D. Critical social theory perspective

B. Health belief model Rationale: The health belief model is a microscopic perspective. The adaptation model considers the goal of nursing to be promoting adaptation. The framework for prevention and critical social theory perspective view society as the focus of change, macroscopic perspectives.

The public health nurse considers using a patient reminder system to increase the community demand for vaccines. Based on the Guide to community preventative services, of what quality is the evidence that supports this intervention? A. Weak B. Strong C. Sufficient D. Insufficient

B. Strong Rationale: There is strong of evidence available to support the public health nurse's use of a patient reminder system to increase the community demand for vaccines. It is better than weak, sufficient , or insufficient.

What is tertiary prevention? A. Detecting health problems in early stages B. Providing palliative care to promote comfort C. Promoting health and protecting against threats D. Limiting further negative effects from a health problem

D. Limiting further negative effects from a health problem Rationale: Tertiary prevention is limiting further negative effects from a health problem. Secondary prevention is detecting health problems in their early stages. Primary prevention is promoting health and protecting against any threats. Providing palliative care is not a level of prevention.

Which theory is based on the assumption that self-care needs are the primary focus of nursing care? A. Needs theory B. Health belief model C. Unitary human beings D. Self-care deficit theory

D. Self-care deficit theory Rationale: Orem's self-care deficit theory is based on the assumption that self-care needs and activities are the primary focus of nursing care. The needs theory is based on a hierarchy of needs to guide prioritization of care. The health belief model focuses on the individual as the locus of change. The unitary human belief model focuses on humans as an integral part of the universe.

A patient is asking for the latest guidelines regarding vaccination. Which organization issues the vaccine schedule on an annual basis? A. Maternal and child health bureau B. The environmental hazards and effects program C. The health resources and services administration D. The advisory committee on immunization practices

D. The advisory committee on immunization practices Rationale: The advisory committee on immunization practices issues the vaccine schedule on an annual basis. The maternal and child health bureau promotes the health of mothers and children and does not update the qualified health centers and does not update the vaccine schedule. The centers for disease control and prevention's environmental hazards and effects program uses indicators to assess and monitor progress on goals to improve the environmental health and is not responsible for updating the vaccine schedule.

Under the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act, what biodefense programs were established to help public health professionals mount a proactive response to pandemics and biological disasters? (Select all that apply) A. BioWatch B. BioSense C. Insitut Pasteur D. Project BioShield E. Cities Readiness Initiative F. Strategic National Stockpile

A. BioWatch B. BioSense D. Project BioShield E. Cities Readiness Initiative F. Strategic National Stockpile Rationale: Biowatch, Biosense, Project bioshield, Cities readiness initiative, and strategic national stockpile are biodefense programs, through the pandemic and all-hazards preparedness reauthorization act, that were established to help public health professionals mount a proactive response to pandemics and biological disasters. Institut pasteur facilitates the development of sera and vaccines for countries in need, disseminates current health information, and trains and provides fellowships for medical training and study in France.

International nursing research has focused on what areas of healthcare? (select all that apply) A. Diverse clinical experiences B. Student and faculty education exchange programs C. Primary healthcare delivery and the role of the APN D. International development of home care or transition from hospital to home E. Cost efficient attainment of health for all in an accessible healthcare system

A. Diverse clinical experiences B. Student and faculty education exchange programs D. International development of home care or transition from hospital to home Rationale: The areas of healthcare that international nursing research has focused upon include diverse clinical experiences, student and faculty education exchange programs, and the international development of home care of transition from hospital to home. Primary care may not be the norm, particularly in communities in developing or less-developed countries that have overwhelming needs for basic necessities such as safe drinking water and sanitation. The community health nurse focusing on international healthcare is concerned with cost efficient attainment of health for all in an accessible healthcare system.

Which are agencies under the U.S Public Health Service (part of the department of health and human services)? (select all that apply) A. Food and drug administration B. Mental health global action program C. National incident management system D. Agency for healthcare research and quality E. Health resources and services administration F. Agency for toxic substances and diseases registry

A. Food and drug administration D. Agency for healthcare research and quality E. Health resources and services administration F. Agency for toxic substances and diseases registry Rationale: The food and drug administration, agency for healthcare research and quality, health resources and services administration, and agency for toxic substances and disease registry are agencies under the U.S. public health service, which is under the department of health and human services. The mental health global action program was launched by the world health organization. The national incident management system is the national platform for disaster response and it includes universal protocols and language.

Which statements are true of the intervention wheel? A. It is population based B. It has 3 levels of practice C. It is systems and family based D. It is dissected into levels of practice E. It identifies 15 public health inteventions

A. It is population based B. It has 3 levels of practice D. It is dissected into levels of practice Rationale: The intervention wheel is population based and has 3 levels of practice. It also is dissected into levels of practice. The intervention wheel identifies 17, not 15, public health interventions. It is population based; it is not systems or family based.

What components are part of the national response framework of the presidential policy directive 8: national preparedness? (select all that apply) A. Protection B. Mitigation C. Education D. Response E. Recovery F. Prevention

A. Protection B. Mitigation D. Response E. Recovery F. Prevention Rationale: The 5 frameworks are: prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. Education is not a framework.

The centers for disease control healthy communities program contains which program? (select all that apply) A. REACH U.S. B. Steps communities C. Center for civic partnerships D. Pioneering healthy communities E. Strategic alliances for health communities F. Association for community health improvements

A. REACH U.S. B. Steps communities D. Pioneering healthy communities E. Strategic alliances for health communities Rationale: Programs of the centers for disease control healthy communities program include reach U.S., steps communities, pioneering healthy communities, and strategic alliance for health communities. The center for civic partnerships is a part of the public health institute. The association for community health improvements is an independent organization.

What agency has a mission to prevent and deter terrorist attacks while protecting against and responding to threats and hazards to the nation? A. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force B. U.S. Department of Homeland Security C. The National Incident Management System D. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

B. U.S. Department of Homeland Security Rationale: The U.S. department of homeland security has a mission to prevent and deter terrorist attacks while protecting against and responding to threats and hazards to the nation. The U.S. preventive services task force is an independent panel of private-sector experts in prevention and primary care that conducts rigorous, impartial assessments of the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of a broad range of clinical preventive services including screening, counseling, and preventive medications. The national incident management system is the national platform for disaster response that includes universal protocols and language. The centers for disease control and prevention conducts critical science and provides health information that protects the U.S. against expensive and dangerous health threats and then responds when these arise.

Due to the significant cultural diversity reflected in today's society, what social determinant of health does the nurse need to be aware of that significantly influences health belief systems, health practices, and health outcomes? A. Age B. Race C. Language D. Biological variation

C. Language Rationale: The nurse must be aware that different languages significantly influence health belief systems, health practices, and health outcomes. Age, race, and biological variations are not as significant social determinants of health.

According to the Institute of medicine (IOM), what is the definition of public health? A. Public health is what communities use to determine the medical and clinical needs of the people. B. Public health is the state of health, wellness, and illness within a certain region and population of people C. Public health is what society does collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy D. Public health is the measure of how many people within a community are living without any diseases

C. Public health is what society does collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy Rationale: The IOM defines public health as "What we, as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy." According to the IOM, public health is not limited to just the state of health, wellness, and illness, nor is it narrowed down to how many people do not have a disease or the types of medical and clinical needs of a community.

During the 19th century, neighborhood centers became hubs for healthcare, education, and social welfare programs. What were these centers called? A. Hospitals B. Outpatient clinics C. Settlement houses D. Long-term assisted-living facilities

C. Settlement houses Rationale: In the 1800s, settlements houses were neighborhood centers that served as hubs for healthcare, education, and social welfare programs. Hospitals have always been where patients receive inpatient services. Outpatient clinics are where patients come and go to receive medical services. Long-term assisted-living facilities are where people reside when recovering form illness or procedures, or because of advancing age.

Which group, run by an international humanitarian agency in the United States, helps alleviate suffering and aids people who are affected by war, starvation, famine, drought, and natural disasters in more than 100 countries, without regard to race, religion, or nationality? A. Insitut Pasteur B. The care one program C. The catholic relief services D. The Robert Wood Johnson foundation

C. The catholic relief services Rationale: The catholic relief services is run by an international humanitarian agency in the United States, and helps to alleviate suffering and aid people who are affected by war, starvation, famine, drought, and natural disasters in more than 100 countries, without regard to race, religion or nationality. Institut Pasteur has facilitated the trained and provided fellowships for medical training and study in France; they have facilities in Africa, South and Central America, and Southeast Asia. The care one program at the university of New Mexico health sciences center provides intensive case management and care coordination to medically complex, costly patients who lack health insurance. In 1999 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded the Center to Advance Palliative care to stimulate the development of high-quality palliative care programs in hospitals and other health centers.

How is the role of the nurse impacted in less developed countries? A. The role is advanced B. The role is nonexistent C. The role is poorly defined D. The role assumes increased autonomy

C. The role is poorly defined Rationale: In less developed countries, the role of the nurse is poorly defined, if at all, and care often depends on and is directed by physicians. It is not necessarily advanced, but it exists. It does not always increase autonomy.

What programs are overseen by the department of agriculture? (select all that apply) A. Meals on wheels B. Congregate meal programs C. Women, Infants, and Children D. School breakfast and lunch programs E. Grants to states for nutrition education and training. F. Food stamps (in collaboration with welfare agencies)

C. Women, Infants, and Children D. School breakfast and lunch programs E. Grants to states for nutrition education and training. F. Food stamps (in collaboration with welfare agencies) Rationale: The department of agriculture oversees the women, infant, and children program; school breakfast and lunch programs; grants to states for nutrition education and training; and food stamps, in collaboration with welfare agencies. The Department of agriculture does not oversee the meals of wheels program or congregate meal programs.

Which group supported the writing of the public health code of ethics? A. National institutes of health B. The international red cross C. Pan American health organization D. American public health association

D. American public health association Rationale: The American public health association supported the writing of the public health code of ethics. The national institutes of health, the international red cross, and the pan American health organization were not involved in the writing of the public health code of ethics.

Which nursing theory examines nursing problems from a macroscopic perspective? A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Self-care deficit theory D. Critical social theory perspective

D. Critical social theory perspective Rationale: The critical social theory perspective views society as the focus of change, a macroscopic perspective. The adaptation model considers the goal of nursing to be promoting adaptation. The health belief model and Orem's self-care deficit theory are both microscopic perspectives.

Who was credited with establishing modern nursing? A. John Snow B. Robert Koch C. Lemuel Shattuck D. Florence Nightingale

D. Florence Nightingale Rationale: Florence Nightingale is credited with establishing modern nursing with her work in the mid-19th century. John Snow was an English physician who demonstrated the transmissibly of cholera. Lemuel Shattuck was a bookseller and publisher with an interest in public health. Robert Koch was an important scientist whose research had an impact on healthcare and medicine.

What is true of the intervention wheel? A. There are 4 interventions B. Similar interventions are the same color C. All wedges of the wheel are systems focused D. Interventions are grouped with related interventions

D. Interventions are grouped with related interventions Rationale: There are 17 interventions in the intervention wheel, and they are grouped with related interventions. The intervention wheel has 17, not 4, interventions. Similar interventions have similar colors, but they are not the same color. Not all wedges of the wheel are systems focused. Some are community focused, and others are individual focused.

Which statement describes the intervention wheel? A. It is nurse and provider focused B. It is based on eight assumptions C. It is made up of four levels of practice D. It is made up of three distinct elements

D. It is made up of three distinct elements Rationale: The intervention wheel is population based and has three levels of practice. It also is dissected into levels of practice. The intervention wheel identifies 17, not 15, public health interventions. It is population based; it is not systems or family based.