CPI Forensics Blood Type Test Review

What distinguishes a type A red blood cell from a type B red blood cell?

A type A red blood cell has an A-antigen and a type B-antigen

What distinguishes a type A red blood cell from a type O red blood cell?

A type A red blood cell has an a-antigen while type O RBCS have no antigens

Name all the blood types

AA, AO, BB, BO, AB and OO

Which 2 blood types will always have known genotypes?

AB and O

Which blood type is the Universal Receiver?

AB-

In emergency situations when the supply of blood runs short or when the need for blood is critical, type O blood can be given. Explain why, using terms antigens and antibodies, persons with type O blood are called universal donors.

Because type O RBCs lack both A and B antigens, neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies have nothing to attack so no reaction would occur

In emergency situations when the supply of blood runs short or when the need for blood is critical, type O blood can be given. Explain why, using terms antigens and antibodies, persons with type O blood are called universal donors.

Because type O RBCs lack both A and B antigens, neither anti-A ot anti_B antibodies have nothing to attack so no reaction would occur

What blood types can donate to A- blood?

Blood types that can donate to A- blood are A-, O-

What blood types can donate to AB- blood?

Blood types that can donate to AB- blood are AB-, A-, B-, O-

What blood types can donate to B+ blood?

Blood types that can donate to B+ blood are B- and O+ and O-

What blood types can donate to O+ blood?

Blood types that can donate to O+ blood are O+, O-

Blood typing is what kind of evidence? Why?

Class evidence because it identifies a specific blood type, but not individual

What does agglutination mean?

Clumping

A person with type A blood typically would not produce anti-A antibodies. Why is this a benefit to the person?

If anti-A antibodies were produced, the person's RBCs would agglutinate and the person would likely die

Which blood type is the Universal Donor?

O-

Persons with type AB blood, which is the rarest, are referred to as universal recipients. Explain why, using terms antigens and antibodies, people with type AB blood can receive any blood type.

People with type AB blood can receive any blood type because they both have A and B antigen, but lack both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. A person with type AB blood can receive other types of blood with no reaction

What happens to red blood cells when they are mixed with complementary (matching) antibodies?

The blood cells get clumped

Explain what would happen to blood if the donor blood was also type A, using terms antigens and antibodies.

The doctor A-antigens would mix together with the recipients A-antigens. The recipients anti-B antibodies would have nothing to attack and agglutinate with. The blood donation would be successful.

Explain what would happen if the donor blood was type B, using terms antigens and antibodies.

The recipients anti-B antibodies would attack and stick to the donor's B-antigens, resulting in agglutination (clumping) of RBCs

What type of antigens do people with type AB+ blood have?

They have A, B and Rh

What type of antigens do people with type A+ blood have?

They have Anti-A antigens and Rh

What type of antigens do people with type B- blood have?

They have Anti-B antigens

What type of antibodies do people with type O+ blood have?

They have anti-a and anti-b antibodies.

What type of antibodies do people with type B+ blood have?

They have anti-a antibodies

What type of antibodies do people with type A- blood have?

They have anti-a antibodies and anti-Rh

What type of antigens do people with type O- blood have?

They have none

Why would hospitals and blood banks need to be absolutely certain that blood is typed correctly before being used for transfusions?

They need to know so the patients don't get the wrong blood type. If they get the wrong blood type, it could cause negative health effects on the patient. If incompatible blood is given to ill or injured patients, the agglutination of the RBCs would cause greater harm and possibly death.

What blood types will have anti-B antibodies?

Type A and O

What blood type has neither antibodies?

Type AB

What blood types will have anti-A antibodies?

Type B and O

What blood type has both kinds of antibodies?

Type O

Explain what would happen if the donor blood was type O, using terms antigens and antibodies.

Type O blood does not have any antigens. The recipients anti-B antibodies would have nothing to attack. The blood transfusion would be successful

People with type O blood are universal donors, but can only receive blood from other type O donors. Explain why, using terms antigens and antibodies, they cannot receive blood of any other types.

Type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, which means that if either A or B antigens are donated, the antibodies will attack and agglutinate. Blood types A, B, and AB have either or both A and B antigens so they cannot donate to a person with O blood.

Red blood cells

carries oxygen from lungs to body

What adverse effects might agglutinated red blood cells have on the body as they travel through veins, arteries and capillaries?

clusters of RBCs would get stuck in smaller vessels, and might create even larger clumps of cells that would not be able to slip through blood vessels. This could lead to heart attacks, strokes, etc.

White blood cells

help fight against infections

Platelets

involved in blood clotting

Plasma

transport nutrients, proteins and hormones to body