CPR

Care steps for heat related emergencies. 3 of them

- (HEAT CRAMPS) - painful muscle spasms, usually in the legs and abdomen, caused by loss of fluids and electrolytes as a result of sweating) are often the first sign that the body is having trouble with the heat. - help the person move to a cool place to rest, and have him or her sip a drink containing electrolytes and carbohydrates - If a drink containing electrolytes and carbohydrates is not available, have the person drink water. - Lightly stretch the muscle and gently massage the area to relieve the cramps. - (HEAT EXHAUSTION) - occurs when fluids lost through sweating are not replaced. - Move the person to a cooler environment with circulating air. - Loosen or remove as much clothing as possible and apply cool, wet cloths to the person's skin or spray the person with cool water. - If the person is responsive and able to swallow, have the person drink a cool electrolyte- and carbohydrate-containing fluid (don't drink too fast) - Encourage the person to rest in a comfortable position, and watch carefully for changes in his or her condition. - Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number if the person's condition does not improve. - The person should wait for several hours after he or she is no longer having signs and symptoms to resume activity. - (HEAT STROKE) - is the least common but most severe heat-related illness. It occurs when the body's cooling system is completely overwhelmed and stops working. Heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency. - Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately. - The preferred way of doing this is to immerse the person up to his or her neck in cold water, if you can do this safely. - Alternatively, place ice water-soaked towels over the person's entire body, rotating the towels frequently. - If bags of ice are available, place these on the person's body, over the towels. - If you are not able to measure and monitor the person's temperature, apply rapid cooling methods for 20 minutes or until the person's condition improves or EMS personnel arrive. Give care as needed for other conditions that you find.

cold related emergencies. 2

- (HYPOTHERMIA) - the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing the core body temperature to fall below 95° F (35° C). - Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately for any case of hypothermia. - If the person is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping, give CPR and use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if you are trained in these skills. - Rapid rewarming (for example, by immersing the person in a hot bath or shower) can lead to dangerous heart rhythms and should be avoided. - gently move the person to a warm place. - Remove any wet clothing, dry the person, and help the person to put on dry clothing (including a hat, gloves and socks). - Then wrap the person in dry blankets and plastic sheeting, if available, to hold in body heat. - If you are far from medical care, position the person near a heat source or apply heating pads or hot water bottles filled with warm water to the body. -If you have positioned the person near a heat source, carefully monitor the heat source to avoid burning the person. - If you are using heating pads or hot water bottles, wrap them in thin, dry cloths to protect the person's skin. - If the person is alert and able to swallow, you can give the person small sips of a warm, non-caffeinated liquid such as broth or warm water. - -- Continue warming the person and monitor the person for changes in condition (including changes in breathing or level of consciousness and the development of shock) until EMS personnel arrive. 2. FROSTBITE) - Frostbite is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues as a result of prolonged exposure to freezing or subfreezing temperatures. - If the frostbite is severe or the person is also showing signs and symptoms of hypothermia, call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - Give care for hypothermia, if necessary. - If the frostbite has caused blisters, do not break them. - Monitor the person's condition, and if you see that the person is going into shock, give care accordingly. - handle the affected area gently. - Never rub the frostbitten area, because this can cause additional damage to the tissue. - Remove wet clothing and jewelry (if possible) from the affected area and care for hypothermia, if necessary. - you can rewarm the affected body part by soaking it in warm water until normal color and warmth returns - After rewarming, loosely bandage the area with a dry, sterile bandage. - If the fingers or toes were affected, place cotton or gauze between them before bandaging the area

what is the cycle for CPR? How long do you keep doing CPR?

- 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths - You notice an obvious sign of life, such as movement. - An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. - You have performed approximately 2 minutes ■ of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. - You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2), you are alone and caring for a child, and you need to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - EMS personnel take over. - You are alone and too tired to continue. - The scene becomes unsafe.

If a responsive adult, child or infant are choking what do you do? what are the differences?

- 5 back blows (blows between the shoulder blades) - 5 abdominal thrusts (inward and upward thrusts just above the navel) - Infant / Back blows and Chest thrusts

Care steps for burns

- A burn is a traumatic injury to the skin -STOP. First, after sizing up the scene, stop the burning by removing the source of the injury if it is safe for you to do so. Depending on the cause of the burn, this may involve removing the person from the source or removing the source from the person. - COOL. Next, cool the burn and relieve pain using clean, cool or cold water for at least 10 minutes. Use water that you could drink. Never use ice or ice water to cool a burn because doing so can cause more damage to the skin. If clean cool or cold water is not available, you can apply a cool or cold (but not freezing) compress instead. Cooling a burn over a large area of the body can bring on hypothermia (a body temperature below normal), so be alert to signs and symptoms of this condition - COVER. Finally, cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing. Make sure that whatever you use to cover the wound is sterile or at least clean, because burns leave the person highly susceptible to infection.

what are the clues that an emergency has occurred?

- A scream or cry for help, a noxious or unusual odor, or the sight of someone bleeding severely or lying motionless on the ground are all clear indications that immediate action is needed. - a slight change in a person's normal appearance or behavior, or an unusual silence.

Stroke. "FAST"

- A stroke occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted by a blood clot, resulting in the death of brain cells. - A stroke can also be caused by bleeding into the brain tissue. - Strokes can cause permanent brain damage, but with quick action, sometimes the damage can be stopped or reversed. - call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately. - Note when the signs and symptoms first started - Stay with the person and provide reassurance until help arrives. - If the person is responsive but not fully awake, or if the person is drooling or having trouble swallowing, put the person in the recovery position and monitor the person's condition until EMS personnel arrive.

tourniquet use?

- A tourniquet is a device placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels and stop blood flow to a wound. In some life-threatening circumstances, you may need to use a tourniquet to control bleeding as the first step instead of maintaining direct pressure over several minutes. - Severe, life-threatening bleeding that cannot be controlled using direct pressure. - A physical location that makes it impossible to apply direct pressure to control the bleeding - Multiple people with life-threatening injuries who need care. - A scene that is or becomes unsafe.

What are the overall signs for a sudden illness?

- An acute illness is an illness that strikes suddenly and usually only lasts for a short period of time. - Trouble breathing. - Pain, such as chest pain, abdominal pain or a headache. - Changes in level of consciousness, such as being confused or unaware of one's surroundings, or becoming unresponsive. - Light-headedness or dizziness. - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps. - A fever. - Pale or very flushed skin, which may be excessively sweaty or dry, or excessively hot or cold. - Problems seeing or speaking (e.g., blurred vision or slurred speech). Numbness, weakness or paralysis. - Seizures.

Diabetic Emergency pg. 85, 1.3-1/2 table spoons of insulin

- Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number if the person is unresponsive, not fully awake or having a seizure. - if the person is not fully awake, interview bystanders and conduct a head-to-toe check, then put the person in the recovery position. - Make sure the person's airway is clear of vomit and monitor the person's breathing until help arrives. - If the person is having a seizure, take steps to keep the person safe while you let the seizure run its course. - If the person is known to have diabetes and thinks he or she is having a diabetic emergency, you may be able to help the person by giving him or her some form of sugar. - Only offer the person sugar by mouth if the person is responsive, able to answer your questions and able to swallow. - not fully awake and therefore not able to safely swallow; in this case, do not attempt to give the person sugar by mouth. Instead, call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - You should also call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number if you are not able to immediately obtain an acceptable form of sugar.

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

- Chest pain, which can range from mild to unbearable. The person may complain of pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back. It is not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication. It may be difficult to distinguish the pain of a heart attack from the pain of indigestion, heartburn or a muscle spasm. ■ Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach ■ Dizziness or light-headedness ■ Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal ■ Nausea or vomiting ■ Pale, ashen (gray) or slightly bluish skin, especially around the face and fingers ■ Sweating ■ A feeling of anxiety or impending doom ■ Extreme fatigue (tiredness)

What are the care steps for shock? What is shock?

- Shock is a progressive, life-threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and organs. - As a result, organs and body systems begin to fail. - Have the person lie flat on his or her back. - - --- Control any external bleeding. - Cover the person with a blanket to prevent loss of body heat. - Do not give the person anything to eat or drink, even though he or she may complain of thirst. Eating or drinking increases the person's risk for vomiting and aspiration (inhalation of foreign matter into the lungs). Aspiration can cause serious complications, such as pneumonia. - Provide reassurance, and help the person rest comfortably. Anxiety and pain can intensify the body's stress and speed up the progression of shock. - Continue to monitor the person's condition and watch for changes in level of consciousness.

concussion injury

- advise the person to stop the activity he or she was engaged in when the incident occurred. - The person should follow up with a healthcare provider for a full evaluation. - A healthcare provider is best able to evaluate the severity of the injury and make recommendations about when the person can return to normal activities. - And, while rare, permanent brain injury and death are potential consequences of failing to identify and respond to a concussion in a timely manner.

care steps for head, neck and back injury

- call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - As long as the person is breathing normally, have him or her remain in the position in which he or she was found. - If the person is wearing a helmet, do not remove it unless you are specifically trained to do so and removing the helmet is necessary to give CPR. - Similarly, if a child is strapped into a car seat, do not remove him or her from it unless you need to give the child CPR.

anaphylaxis

- have someone call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately. - If the person carries medication used for the emergency treatment of anaphylaxis, offer to help the person use the medication. - If you are alone, help the person administer the medication and then call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - make sure the person is sitting in a comfortable position, or have the person lie down if he or she is showing signs of shock.

call 911 if a person has a seizure that

- last longer than 5 minutes - person is injured result of seizure - not breathing or unresponsive

How do you obtain consent?

- state your name -state the type and level of training that you have (first aid CPR) - explain what you think is wrong - explain what you plan to do -ask if you may help

seizures, do and do nots

- you should call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number when a person is having a seizure. - do not try to hold the person down or stop the seizure from happening. Just let the seizure run its course and take steps to protect the person from injury. Move furniture or other objects that could cause injury out of the way. - Check the person for responsiveness and normal breathing. - If the person is responsive and breathing normally but not yet fully awake, check the person from head to toe for injuries and then place the person in the recovery position. - Stay with the person until he or she is fully recovered and aware of his or her surroundings, or until emergency responders arrive. - If the person is not responsive and not breathing or only gasping after the seizure, begin CPR immediately and use an AED as soon as possible, if you are trained in these skills.

What is an AED's purpose, what does it not do?

-in many cases, V-fib and V-tach can be corrected by an electrical shock delivered by an AED. This shock disrupts the heart's electrical activity long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own. Starting CPR immediately and using an AED as soon as possible gives the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest. an AED does not....

When is it time to call 911? what types of emergencies?

-unresponsiveness or an altered level of consciousness, such as drowsiness or confusion. -breathing problems -chest pain lasting more than a few mins that goes away and comes back -persistent abdominal pain or pressure -severe external bleeding - vomiting blood or passing blood -severe burns -suspected poisoning -seizures -signs or symptoms of stroke -injuries to head, neck or spine -suspected or obvious broken bone.

toddler age

1-3 years

what are the Emergency Action steps?

1. Check- first check the scene and then the person. fire? chemicals? how many people? check for responsiveness. 2. Call- if life threatening emergency. know the location 3. Care- give care according to your knowledge and your level of training.

three types of heat-related illnesses

1. heat cramps 2. heat exhaustion 3. heat stroke

two forms of medication for asthma are

1. long-term control medications= taken regularly, whether or not signs and symptoms of asthma are present. 2. quick-relief medications= taken when the person is experiencing an acute asthma attack.

What are steps you can do for EMS personnel and others to help you should an emergency occur? 3

1. make sure your house or apartment number is easy to read and well lit at night. 2. keep relevant medical information, like medications in an accessible place. 3. if you have a chronic medical condition you can wear a medical identification tag to alert responders. also have your blood type known somewhere.

removing latex-free disposable gloves steps

1. pinch the palm side of one glove on the outside near your wrist 2. pull the glove toward your fingertips, turning it inside out as you pull it off your hand 3. hold the glove in the palm of your other(still gloved) hand 4. carefully slip two fingers under the wrist of the other glove. avoid touching the outside of the glove. 5. pull the glove toward your fingertips, turning it inside out as you pull it off your hand. the other glove is now contained inside. 6. dispose of the gloves properly and wash your hands.

what is my role in the EMS system?

1. recognizing that an emergency exists. 2. deciding to take action. 3. activation the EMS system. 4. giving care until EMS personnel take over.

it would be appropriate to move an injured or ill person only if

1. you must move the person to protect them from immediate danger. such as fire, flood or poisonous gas. 2. you must move the person to reach another person who may have a more serious injury or illness. 3. you must move the person to give proper care. it may be necessary to move a person who needs CPR onto a hard, flat surface.

adolescents age

12-20

dry chemical and liquid chemical burns require large amounts of cool water for how long

15 minutes compared 10 usually

have the person taking the inhaler take a long slow breath for how many seconds? then have the person hold their breath for a count of how many seconds?

3-5 10

without oxygen drain damage begins after how long? irreversible after about?

4-6 mins 8-10 mins

if a person with an inhaler has a mask have the person breath in and our normally how many times?

5 or 6

what are the good samaritan laws?

Good Samaritan laws, which protect the responder from financial liability, were developed to encourage people to help others in emergency situations. They assume a responder will do his or her best to save a life or prevent further injury. Good Samaritan laws require the responder to use common sense and a reasonable level of skill and to give only the type of emergency care for which he or she is trained. Good Samaritan laws usually protect responders who act the way a "reasonable and prudent person" would act if that person were in the same situation.

if a tooth is lost and found place it in

Hanks' Balanced Salt solution, place the tooth in egg white, coconut water or whole milk. If these are not available, place the tooth in the injured person's saliva. Be careful to pick up the tooth only by the crown

what do we do if air does not go in for an unresponsive adult, child, or infant?

If the first rescue breath does not cause the chest to rise, retilt the head to ensure that the airway is properly opened and ensure that the person's nose and mouth are properly sealed before giving the second rescue breath. If the second breath does not make the chest rise, an object may be blocking the person's airway. Give CPR with one modification: after each set of compressions and before giving rescue breaths, open the mouth, look for an object in the person's mouth, and if you see it, remove it.

how long and how do you check for breathing?

If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder (if the person is an adult or child) or the bottom of the person's foot (if the person is an infant), and shout again while checking for normal breathing. (Isolated or infrequent gasping is not normal breathing.) Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds.

Anaphylaxis

Life threatening allergic reaction

metered does inhalers? dry powder inhalers? small-volume nebulizers?

MDI= delivers a measured dose of medication in mist form directly into the persons lungs. DPI= delivers a measured does of medicine in a dry powder form directly into the persons lungs. Small- Volume Nebulizer= convert liquid medication into a mist which is delivered over several minutes.

what are PPE's/Standard Precautions/Glove Removal?

PPE: Personal Protective Equipment is equipment used to prevent pathogens from contaminating your skin, mucous membranes or clothing.

thermoregulation

Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range. important for human survival.

Care steps for muscle, bone and joint injuries?

RICE, most recent RICE REST IMMOBOLIZE COLD ELEVATE

If the victim is responsive what do you do and ask? SAMPLE

S- signs and symptoms. signs are clues to the persons condition that you can observe for yourself. symptoms are clues to the persons condition that only the person can explain to you. A- Allergies. ask the person if he or she is allergic to any foods, medications or things in the environment. M- medications. Ask the person if he or she is taking any prescription or over-the-counter medications. if the person is ask what medication and when they last took it. P- pertinent medical history. ask the person whether he or she has any medical conditions. L- Last food or drink. ask the person when he or she last had something to eat or drink, what it was and the amount. E- Events leading up to the incident. ask the person what was happening and what he or she was doing just prior to when he or she began to feel ill or was injured.

How do we know someone is having a breathing emergency?

Sound, Color of skin

transient ischemic attacks or mini-strokes

TIAs cause signs and symptoms similar to those of a stroke, but the signs and symptoms go away after a short period of time. A person who has had a TIA is at very high risk for having a stroke in the near future. In fact, more than 10 percent of people who have a TIA will have a stroke within 3 months, with half of these strokes happening within 48 hours of the TIA. For this reason, whenever a person experiences signs and symptoms of stroke, even if the signs and symptoms seem to go away, the person should seek immediate medical attention.

What do you do first with an AED?

Turn on the AED and follow the visual and/or audio prompts. Open the person's shirt and wipe his or her bare chest dry. If the person is wearing any medication patches, you should use a gloved (if possible) hand to remove the patches before wiping the person's chest.

What is an AED and when is it used?

While CPR can help to prevent brain damage and death by keeping oxygenated blood moving throughout the body, an AED can correct the underlying problem for some people who go into sudden cardiac arrest. Two abnormal heart rhythms in particular, ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) and ventricular tachycardia (V-tach), can lead to sudden cardiac arrest. In V-fib, the heart muscle simply quivers (fibrillates) weakly instead of contracting strongly. In V-tach, the heart muscle contracts too fast (tachy- means "fast"). Both abnormal rhythms impair the heart's ability to pump and circulate blood throughout the body and are life threatening. However, in many cases, V-fib and V-tach can be corrected by an electrical shock delivered by an AED. This shock disrupts the heart's electrical activity long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own. Starting CPR immediately and using an AED as soon as possible gives the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest

laceration

a cut commonly caused by a sharp object such as broken glass or a knife.

antihistamine

a medication that counteracts the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction

shock

a progressive, life-threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and organs. As a result, organs and body systems begin to fail.

Are a womens or mens heart attack symptoms often milder?

a womens.

Asthma action plan

a written plan that the person develops with his or her healthcare provider that details daily management of the condition as well as how to handle an asthma attack

What are the two types of Cardiac Chain of Survival?

adult cardiac chain of survival and pediatric cardiac chain of survival.

Where do the pads go on the victim? Special situation for infants

adult- Place one pad on the upper right side of the person's chest and the other pad on the lower left side of the person's chest below the armpit, pressing firmly to adhere. infant- position one pad in the middle of the chest and the other pad on the back between the shoulder blades

What are effective compressions?

adult- compress at least 2 inches child- about 2 inches infant- about 1 1/2 inches

How do you give rescue breaths, how much air do you put in? Adult, Child, Infant?

adult- tilt head to past-neutral position; pinch nose shut and form seal over mouth. child- tilt head SLIGHTLY past-neutral position; pinch nose shut and form seal over mouth infant- tilt head to neutral position; form seal over mouth and nose each rescue breath should last about 1 second and make the chest rise.

Where do you place hands for CPR for an adult, child, and infant?

adult- two hands in center of chest child- two hands in center of chest infant- two fingers on center of chest, just below the nipple line.

chronic illness is

an illness that a person lives with on an ongoing basis and that often requires continuous treatment to manage.

acute illness is

an illness that strikes suddenly and usually only lasts for a short period of time

aura

an unusual sensation or feeling before the onset of a seizure.

what medicine can help a person showing signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

aspirin

infants age

birth to 1 year

If the person is making high-pitched noises or coughing weakly, or if the person is unable to speak or cry, the airway is

blocked and the person will soon become unresponsive unless the airway is cleared. Have someone call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately while you begin to give first aid for choking.

a stroke occurs when

blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted by a blood clot, resulting in the death of brain cells.

What leads to cardiac issues in kids and infants?

breathing emergencies, congenital heart disorders and trauma.

spinal cord injuries

can result from trauma that causes one or more vertebrae (the bones that surround and protect the spinal cord) to break.

who is at the highest risk for poisoning

children younger than 5

diabetes

chronic condition characterized by the body's inability to process glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. An organ called the pancreas secretes insulin, a hormone that causes glucose to be moved from the bloodstream into the cells, where it is used for energy. In a person with diabetes, either the pancreas fails to make enough insulin or the body's cells are unable to respond to insulin. Either situation causes glucose levels in the bloodstream to increase.

what is consent and how do you get it? if they say no? what is implied consent, physical consent, verbal consent?

consent is permission to give care. - if they say no you leave them alone. - implied consent: permission from someone unresponsive, a minor child, child without adults around or cognitively impaired. - physical consent: nod of head -verbal consent: a clear yes or no. very clear

if the medication in an epinephrine is cloudy or expired

do not use it

hemostatic dressing

dressing treated with a substance that speeds clot formation. typically used on places like the neck or torso(places the tourniquet cant go)

a superficial burn just goes through the

epidermis

a partial-thickness burn goes through the

epidermis and dermis

full-thickness burn goes through the

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

a person who can speak cry or cough with something in their throat is

forcefully getting enough air to breathe.

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

what is a Care First situation?

include breathing emergencies and severe life-threatening bleeding. after taking these actions, call 911. - an unresponsive infant or child younger than about 12 years whom you did not see collapse. - a person who is choking. - a person who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction and has an epinephrine auto injector - a person who has severe, life-threatening bleeding.

fracture

is a complete break, a chip or a crack in a bone. Fractures can be open (the end of the broken bone breaks through the skin) or closed (the broken bone does not break through the skin).

Epinephrine

is a drug that slows or stops the effects of anaphylaxis

quadriplegia

is paralysis that affects both arms, trunk and both legs.

paraplegia

is paralysis that affects both legs and the lower trunk

what is a call first situation in an emergency situation?

likely to be cardiac arrest. in cardiac arrest, the priority is getting help on the scene as soon as possible because early access to EMS personnel and an AED increases the persons chances for survival. - any person about 12 years or older who is unresponsive. - a child or an infant whom you witnessed suddenly collapse. - an unresponsive child or infant known to have heart problems.

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

after a person removes their epinephrine injector from leg

massage the injection site for several seconds

agonal breaths

occur after the heart has stopped beating. they are not breaths and a sign of cardiac arrest.

sprain

occurs when a ligament is stretched, torn or damaged. Ligaments connect bones to bones at the joints. Sprains most commonly affect the ankle, knee, wrist and finger joints.

strain

occurs when a tendon or muscle is stretched, torn or damaged. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Strains often are caused by lifting something heavy or working a muscle too hard. They usually involve the muscles in the neck, back, thigh or the back of the lower leg. Some strains can reoccur, especially in the neck and back.

heart attack definition

occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing part of the heart muscle to die.

avulsion

occurs when skin is completely or partially torn away. commonly caused by animal bites.

abrasion

occurs when something rubs roughly against the skin, causing damage to the skins surface. scrapes, rug burns, turf burns.

dislocation

occurs when the bones that meet at a joint move out of their normal position. This type of injury is usually caused by a violent force that tears the ligaments, allowing the bones to move out of place.

cardiac arrest definition

occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate bllod to the brain and other vital organs. the electrical impulses become abnormal and chotic.

what can be a poison

practically anything not meant to be taken into the body

myth about seizures

putting something between the teeth of a person who is having a seizure to prevent from biting or swallowing tongue.

puncture wound

such as a nail or animals tooth, pierces the skin. gunshot. do not bleed much but carry high risk for infection.

when using an inhaler and assisting someone with asthma you should not use it if

the medication is not for quick relief or acute attacks.

When an AED Prompts analyzing what should you do as a rescuer?

yells CLEAR and ensures no one is touching the victim and waits for the AED to analyze