Creativity and Innovation test 2

The creative economy is a high-growth sector and UNESCO (2017) calculates that the cultural and creative industries generate income of around

$2,250 billion a year

The creative sector makes a huge contribution to the UK economy. A third of the creative sectors workforce in the UK are self-employed and most creative enterprises employ less than

10 people

Kotter published his influential eight-step model on leading change in the Harvard Business Review in

1995

On June 15th 2020, Oxford Exonomics predicted that the creative industries in the UK are likely to suffer twice as much as other areas of the economy with a projected GVA shortfall of

29 million euros

The United States is still considered to be the worlds leading creative economy with an estimated global share of around

40%

Several studies around the world have examined the impact of the automation on workforces. For instance, Frey and Osbourne (2013) showed what percentage of occupations in the US are at high risk due to computerisation over the next 20 years

47%

Pioneering research into the relationship between strategy and structure in several large US firms over a period of 50 years was conducted by

Alfred Chandler (1962)

The change kaleidoscope offers a framework that change agents can use to analyse specific contextual dimensions that support informed decisions and was developed by :

Balogun and Hope Hailey (2008)

These authors produce a fine-grained case study of Organizational change at Cadbury unlimited, where they were particularly interested in the sectoral influence (context) the process of transition

Child and Smith (1987)

Confrontation meetings focus on addressing team conflict and confusion following an Organizational change that negatively affects productivity. Beckhard (1967) provides clear guidance in his 7 phases on how to structure a confrontation meeting. Phase one is

Climate setting

Dunphy and Stace (1990) identify four leadership styles required to bring about change that include:

Collaborative, consultive, directive, coercive

The main personality traits that link to creative achievement do not include

Conformity

The social psychologist, Solomon Asch, conducted several laboratory experiments in his studies on

Conformity

Richard Florida (2002) is a leading proponent of advancing creativity for the development of

Creative cities and regions

Rochet and Tollect (2015) argue that the most popular practical use of AI takes five steps knows as the 5D approach that comprises

Definition; discovery; dream; design; destiny/delivery

The appreciative inquiry process begins with the team's strengths; this releases a positive energy. In return, the team begins to gain a better understanding of its valuable contributions. The appreciative inquiry process comprises of the following four phases:

Discovery, Dream, Design, Destiny

The quotation "imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world" was famously said by

Einstein (1929)

Which of these is not an accepted method for departmentalisation of work activities

Employee preference

Which of the following is NOT one of the five team development stages proposed by Tuckman and Jenson

Enduring

The wholeness principal (Rochet and Tollect 2015) is defined as:

Ensuring that all stakeholders are collectively involved in change

In seeking to understand the forces that shape individual and group behavior, the theory that Lewin proposed that individuals exist in a psychological state that determines limits

Field theory

An important element that influences decisions about Organizational design is the chain of command defined as ;

Formal lines of authority, which span different hierarchical levels

Organizations may adopt several alternative structural forms. The most coming types of Organizational structure include

Formalised structure, the functional structure and the divisional structure

In the 1990s Locke and Latham (1990) noted the significance of this as a means of enhancing employees performance and increasing business productivity

Goal-setting

It's been suggested that this type of psychological event may potentially lead to a team failure

Groupthink

A generic stage model of change that moves through a sequence of stages or subdivisions from original state through transition to desired state of change was developed by this author:

Hates (2010)

In their research, Davies and Sigthorsson (2013) argue that the creative industries are united by

Human activity, symbolic messages, intellectual property

Many early workplace studies attempted to explain why employees responded in unexpected ways to attempts by manage my to

Improve operational efficiency and productive output

Engaging in action research for change requires careful analysis of the situation at hand, especially in being aware of the forces that are shaping current behaviours. According to Ngwerume and Themessl-Huber (2010), action-research requires three fundamental conditions that consist of

Improving social practice, the involvement of practioners, a commitment to the practice

Teams are not always effective and Lencioni (2002) identifies five dysfunctions of a team, consisting of

Insufficient trust

In addition to processes for creating and applying knowledge towards creativity and innovation, a learning orientation (Dwek, 2000) is essential for the acquisition of novel knowledge and skills. A learning orientation refers to an

Internal mindset that encourages an employee to develop his/her competence

Anabile's ongoing research exploring motivation shows that there are two basic kinds of motivation

Intristic and extrinsic

In critiquing Lewin's three step model of change Burnes (2004) claims that

It ignores politics

The cultural web outlines elements of organizations' taken-for-granted and shared assumptions and beliefs and was introduced by

Johnson (1992)

This author argues that for the need to stop what might be called "mallonization" of our shopping experience and the suburbanisation of our living experience

Landry (2007)

The key principle of Open Space technology (Owens 1977) is called the

Law of two feet

Gareth Morgan (1986) aligns with this author in recognising that practice is never theory-free and that there is a great practical value in well-developed model or theory for explaining organisations

Lewin (1951)

Context is important and the quest for new ideas may take different forms in different industries. According to Eckbert and Stacey (1998), the adaptation of a source of inspiration to a design can take the following forms:

Literal, abstraction, association

Organizational change seen as processual involves applying an understanding of a complex and chaotic organjzational reality. The focus of processing-contextualise research centres on this collection of

Longitudinal qualitative data

Senge (2006) puts forward five disciplines that we need to develop if we wish to build learning organisations. These principles comprise

Mental models, personal mastery, building shared vision, team learning, systems thinking

Bushe and Marshak (2009) suggest that the success of failure of many Dialogic OF intervention rests on underlying processes of

Narrative and discourse; emergence; generativity

These authors define formal or explicit knowledge as knowledge that can be articulated and may range from an grammatical statement, mathematical expressions, and specifications to manuals

Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995)

Buchanan and Dawson (2007) present four theories for managing conflicting narratives, namely

Normative process, interpretive process, critical process, dialogic process

Van Fleet and Bedelan (1977) define the span of control as the

Number of people reporting directly to the manager

The notion of tacit knowledge was first introduced by this philosopher, who argues that an individual can know more than he / she can tell

Polanyi(1966)

Appreciative inquiry (AI) methodology seeks to engage people in the sharing and co-construction of meanings. Central to AI has been the use of :

Positive storytelling

Central to the use of appreciative inquiry (AI) has been the use of

Positive storytelling

Jabri (2012) utilised Lewin's three stages of change in adopting a relational perspective and in developing a framework that combines

Process, dialogue, and social construction

A matrix model of Organizational Development interventions that accommodates interventions at different levels was devised by

Pugh (1986)

Responsibility charting is an intervention designed to reduce team conflict, it uses the following activities to encourage team cooperation

Responsible, approval/veto, support, consulted, informed

The Organizational Development (OD) approach to change management is arguably still the dominant approach across the western world. Although the orientation of the term remains a little uncertain, the phrase "organizational decelopment" has been attributed to :

Richard Beckhard

There are many reasons employees join teams. Ribbons et. Al. (1994) for example, identify four reasons why employees join teams

Security, self-esteem, power, goal-achievement

These authors argue that creativity is enhanced when creative individuals expect and get constructive feedback on how their performance can be improved

Shalley and Perry-Smith (2001)

Thompson (2003) defines this psychological phenomenon as the "tendency for people in a group to slack off -I. E. not work as hard either mentally or physically

Social loafing

It is important to note that even if the team leader and the team members do their best, there are psychological events that can cause team performance to deteriorate

Social loafing, blind conformity, groupthink

In 2018, the World Economic Forum recognised this country as one of the most innovative countries in the world

South Korea

Which of the following is not a creative industry grouping used in the formal figures and facts on changes in the creative economy

Sporting events

It is claimed that people who aim to generate innovative ideas need to know the basic knowledge of the Filene in order to move beyond the status quo. In other words, it is hard to conceive any creative behavior that is somehow "knowledge for free" as this author states

Stein (1989)

Kools and George (2020) examine the link between

Strategic management and the learning organisation

Florida's (2012) 3-T model proposed that cities in this new "creative age" will succeed or fall on their ability to attract and retain creative workers through:

Talent, technology, and tolerance

The early approach to developing a processual framework for understanding Organizational change by Dawson (1994) presents three clusters of interrelated elements, namely

Temporal context, socio-material relations, power-political processes

In highlighting a growing movement towards more process-oriented approaches, Langley and Tsoukas (2010) draw attention to the importance of

Temporal orientation

In identifying a shift from conventional OD approaches to a new and emerging OF paradigm, Cliff Oswick (2013) emphasises the importance of

Temporal re-orientation

Kaplan and Norton (1992) argue that managers should not only focus on financial measures but also non-financial criteria when mankind decisions. They call this

The balanced score card

Work specialisation had been identified as a critical factor in determining employees productivity and has been defined as

The degree to which a task has been divided into separate jobs

The basis of Lewin's three-step model of change-whole remains an influential theory and a common approach advocated by management educationalists-includes

Unfreeze, change, refreeze

The technology policy unit (TPU) established in the 1970s employed scientist and social scientist to carry out research into the control and social interaction of science and technology and was based at the

University of Aston

This author defines Organizational culture simply as the "rules of the game"

Van Maanen (1976)

In a study of the process of change at Peugeot-Talbot, these author(s) examining content, context, and process, suggesting that managerial processes of assessment, choice and change are at the heart of the strategic development of firms

Whipp, Rosenfield, and Pettigrew (1987)

People often confuse the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. This author defines data as "observations or facts out of context"

Zack(1999)