Crime and Criminal Justice Test 1

The conflict perspective informs us that low status and low powered individuals are more likely to be arrested and convicted than are the powerful for same or similar legal infractions. True False

True

The social status of those who make the laws is substantially higher than the status of those who are imprisoned for violating those laws. True False

True

Utilitarian philosophy suggests that pain, in any form, is evil and to be avoided, only minimally tolerated to promote a greater good. True False

True

When funds run dry for expanding prisons, other branches of the criminal justice system will likely reduce their processing of criminals, regardless of volume of actual crimes. True False

True

White-collar crime: attracts particularly harsh prison sentences has far greater economic impact than street crime is most often committed by low-status urban whites is still relatively rare

has far greater economic impact than street crime

Swimming in your own backyard swimming pool, while wearing a formal evening gown or tuxedo, would be in violation of one of society's: mores sanctions informal norms formal norms

informal norms

The expectations for behavior when riding in an elevator are examples of face work rites of passage formal norms informal norms

informal norms

Which of the following is NOT a component of our American system of Law? Common Law Canon Law Codified/Statutory Law Administrative Law

Canon Law

The earliest surviving written legal code is the: Code of Hammurabi of the Babylonians Tweleve Tables of the Romans Mosaic Code of the Israelites Common Law of the British Isle

Code of Hammurabi of the Babylonians

Which of the following is NOT an example of an historical statutory legal system? Code of Hammurabi Law of Moses Code of Henry VIII Code Napoleon

Code of Henry VIII

The element of the criminal justice system which is expected to try, convict, and sentence those who commit crimes while ensuring that the falsely accused are freed without any consequences or burden is known as: Appeals Court Civil Court Tribunal Court Criminal Court

Criminal Court

To what source can criminal law in the United States be directly traced? Feudal Law English common law Roman Law the Mosaic Code of the Israelites

English common law

***Statutory law and Common law are two separate systems for solving the problem of access to the law by ordinary citizens. True False

False

A man sells the secret formula for COKE to a rival company for $10 million. Such a violation of social norms and values is easily handled with informal sanctions imposed by the corporations involved. The intervention by specialized agents (government) is not required to maintain balanced social arrangements. True False

False

All occurrences of deviance are socially disruptive and should be prevented. True False

False

Certain forms of behavior, by their very nature, are deviant. True False

False

Detectives in Ada used the best of police communications techniques, including deceit in interviews and careful documentation of each interview. True False

False

The judiciary leaves itself open to criticism because frequently they too quickly change legal precedence set by other judges based on their own preferences. True False

False

The racial pattern of imprisoning African Americans at higher rates than whites has decreased and narrowed in recent years True False

False

The use of capital punishment is consistent with the deterrence philosophy of justice. True False

False

Which of the following is NOT a function of deviance? It helps to clarify social norms and group boundaries. It creates statuses for the socially unacceptable. It provides needed examples of non-normative behavior for the purpose of socializing others normatively. It is often a source of social change.

It creates statuses for the socially unacceptable.

Which o f the following is NOT true of common law? It is simple law easily understood by common folk. It is the basis for law in the USA and in Great Britain. It is based on establishing and adhering to legal precedence. It was introduced to England by the then conquering Normans.

It is simple law easily understood by common folk.

Which of the following philosophies of the Criminal Justice System suggests that the CJ system resocialize the criminal who has strayed from social norms? Selective Incapacitation Rehabilitative Justice Retributive Justice Restorative Justice

Rehabilitative Justice

Which of the following philosophies of the Criminal Justice System suggests that the CJ system punish criminals with pain equal to - not greater than - the pain the criminal has caused? Rehabilitative Justice Selective Incapacitation Restorative Justice Retributive Justice

Retributive Justice

Which of the following philosophies of the Criminal Justice System suggests that the CJ system hold habitual criminals apart from society for the safety of society? Retributive Justice Rehabilitatiave Justice Selective Incapacitation Restorative Justice

Selective Incapacitation

Which of the following is NOT one of the functional (consensus) explanations for elevating a social norm to the formal level of a criminal norm? The norm to be criminalized allows powerful interest groups to maintain an advantage over a critical resource. The norm to be criminalized deals with protecting body and life The norm to be criminalized deals with matters critical to social order. To grant control of the norm to specialized agents of the society so as to improve consistency and formality of control.

The norm to be criminalized allows powerful interest groups to maintain an advantage over a critical resource.

***Crime is best studied from a sociological point of view because crime is a phenomenon defined in social groupings, and the definition varies from social group to social group. True False

True

***Ron Williamson, according to a confict analysis, would not have made a good suspect for crime while in high school, due to his successes. True False

True

A major focus of our laws today deal with protecting private property, According to the functionalist perspective, this is because protecting private property is essential to social stability and predictability in our society today. True False

True

A major reason why the "Saints" were not seen as delinquents in the community in which they lived, was that, because they had resources like cars and second homes, they could commit many of their delinquent acts away from home, out of sight of the locals and the police. True False

True

One of the functions of deviance is that it must be controlled or regulated, thus crime creates jobs. True False

True

Since crime serves several functions for our society, to eliminate crime would produce great unbalance to our society, at least for some time. True False

True

The common law is also known as judge-made or case law because it is originally created and defined by judges. True False

True

What is the name of the philosophy that suggests that pain, in any form, is evil and to be avoided, only tolerated to the least measure needed to bring about a greater good, and was the foundation of the criminal justice philosophy called Classical/Deterrence Model? Unitarianism Rationalism Utilitarianism Republicanism

Utilitarianism

Recreational use of marijuana is: a crime, but not a deviant act in everyone's eyes since many American youth have used marijuana both a crime and a deviant act since the majority of states criminalize marijuana use a deviant act, but not a crime because recreational use of marijuana is generally legal neither a crime nor a deviant act since marijuana has been decriminalized in most states

a crime, but not a deviant act in everyone's eyes since many American youth have used marijuana

_____________ make social life possible by making behavior predictable. Formal Laws Norms Social Control All of the above

all of the above

During the reign of Henry II, judges would be appointed to go through the land and hear cases that had previously been under the jurisdiction of local courts. What were these judges referred to as? justice of the peace circuit judges traveling judges crown courts

circuit judges

Which of the following is NOT part of the sequence of events in the Wisconsin CJ system? condemnation entry into the system prosecution adjudication

condemnation

***Deviant behaviors are best described as those which: violate mores break the laws depart from social norms violate legal rules

depart from social norms

When a particular social arrangement threatens the stability and smooth operation of society, it is said to be: afunctional dysfunctional functional nonfunctional

dysfunctional

Mary is a college student at Cityville University. Yesterday in her 8:00 a.m. class, she sat with her earphones on listening to the I-Pod. During the class, her instructor would frown on her and after class the other students began to gossip about her behavior in class. The instructor's frowns and the gossip of the other students are examples of: positive sanctions informal sanctions excessive punishment formal sanctions

informal sanctions

Shame, verbal and non-verbal clues, rewards, and socialization are forms of _______. informal social control. formal social control. social torture. legal response.

informal social control.

The term _____ refers to a formal rule established by authority or the entire body of such formal rules. Correct Response law mores customs norms

law

***Which of the following is NOT a segment of the Criminal Justice System? courts/judiciary corrections law enforcement legislature

legislature

Which of the following philosophies of the criminal justice system suggests that the CJ system is to repair the social contract when said contract is violated, marred, or impaired by the actions of others? rehabilitative justice retributive justice selective incapacitation restorative justice

restorative justice

The legal system in which all rulings are based on a set of written rules with specified consequences for those who violate said rules, all created by accepted political authorities is known as ______. common law quantified law statutory law archaic law

statutory law

In our legal system, which of the following can NOT create new law, or change existing law? a County Board of Supervisors the Director of the FBI administrators of the IRS or the FDA a Circuit Court Judge

the Director of the FBI

The central issue in the identification and punishment of deviant behavior is: the nature of the behavior itself where the behavior is committed the opinion of the behavior by those in power how often the behavior is committed

the opinion of the behavior by those in power

The initial contact an offender has with the justice system is usually with: a law maker the courts the police the prison

the police

In order for a deviant act to be considered a crime: the majority of the population must consider the act criminal the state must undertake a political process of criminalizing it it must involve the violation of a person or property it must be committed by someone labeled a criminal

the state must undertake a political process of criminalizing it