crime scene to court room
off the record
" _____ ____ ____ " refers to information not recorded in an official document
important
all objects pictured must be _______ or relevant to the scene
confidential informant
are people who furnish police with information about crimes, primarily because of the expectation of some personal benefit or advantage , and rarely out of a sense of civic duty
patent prints
are transferred from the friction ridges on fingers by a foreign substance like blood, paint or dirt, and are easily visible
attorney
at a deposition the ______ asks questions about the case
complainant, suspect
at the scene of an incident , you must identify all parties involved , including __________, victims, _______, and witnesses
pie/wheel search pattern
entails dividing the area into a number of wedge shaped sections , which are usually searched using the strip/line search pattern . use this method for extremely large search areas
tape
establish boundaries for the crime scene and guard against unnecessary entrance by cordoning off the area with crime scene ______
suspects
exercise caution during the canvass , as you may actually knock on the ______ door
trace evidence
hairs , fibers, clothing , paintchips , transfer evidence , glass , wood , soil , dirt
scale
include a _____ , ruler , or identifier in each close up photograph you take
reduce
it is easier to ______ the size of the perimeter than to enlarge it
separated
it is extremely important to keep victims, complainants, and witnesses _______ in a criminal investigation.
paper , tape measure
items used to make a sketch include a blank sheet of ________ or graph paper , pen or pencil , ________ _______ , and a template or a ruler
dispatch
maintain constant contact with _________ when searching for a wanted person , updating your location and status to maintain a high level of officer safety
evidence
preserve the entire photographic array as _________
photograph , document
protect the crime scene until you can _________ and ________ it
description
review from the initial incident report , and victim and witness statements to get a physical _______ of the suspect `
riley v california
ruled that it is unconstitutional to search a cell phone without a search warrant unless there are officer safety concerns or exigent circumstances
worse
separating family members during a crisis might make a bad situation ________
state attorney
the ______ ______ must know or have access to everything you know about the case
crime scene log
the _______ _______ _______ provides proof of security and validates the evidence collected at the crime scene
crime
the ________ laboratorys chemistry section analyzes substances submitted to the laboratory to determine the presence or absence of any controlled substance as listed
size , exits
the sketch should show , room by room , the ______ and relationship of entrances , _______ , and contents
gloves
to avoid contamination , change ________ between collecting each piece of evidence collected for DNA analysis
victim, witness
transport the ____ or ____ to the officers location to identify the potential suspect
speaking
upon hearing an objection , you must stop ________ until the judge rules
validity
upon receipt of a lead, investigate the information and determine its ________
ppe
use ________ whenever you handle or collect evidence
public
with few exceptions, ______ records are available to law enforcement
never
working edges of tools leave distinct marks on surface. _______ try to fit a suspects tool into the mark
search warrant
you may also find cell phones at crime scenes ; however , you cannot access information contained in a cell phone unless you have a _______ ______
testify
you will need to be able to _______ that the photographs are a true and accurate representation of the scene as it appeared when you took the pictures
exposure
PPE will protect the evidence from contamination and you from _______ to dangerous substances
leads
______ may be physical evidence , further suspect information, witness statements, anonymous tips, and information gained while interviewing and processing existing information
public
______ records of government entities and publicity owned utilities are records that, with few exceptions , you may access demand
private
______ records of privately owned businesses or organizations, including privately owned utilities , are not open to the public , including law enforcement, and require court orders to access them
fragile evidence
_______ _____ can include a bullet hole in glass held into place by a thin window tint
close up
_______ _____ view shots show the details of a specific item of evidence and must include a scale or identifier
visible evidence
_______ _______ can include bruises, lacerations , broken bones, gunshot wounds , and trace or transfer evidence
transitory evidence
_______ _______ is evidence that can blow or wash away
teeth
_______ can , in some cases , serve as identification and evidence
testimonial
_______ evidence is evidence gathered from witnesses ,
public
_______ property is for the use and enjoyment of the public and is open to the public
private
_______ records, such as a companys employment records, employees medical dental, or financial records, or the records of any private organization, buisness, or another type, are not necessarily available
moving
_______ surveillance is following a person of interest on foot or in a police vehicle
photographing
_______ the crime scene allows the court and jury to obtain an accurate understanding of how it looked the day you responded
electronic
________ surveillance involves monitoring a person of interest through tracking devices - cell phone or credit card use - which typically requires a court order
stationary
________ surveillance involves parking your vehicle some distance away in a location that allows an approach to the area on foot in a covert manner
footwear , tire
_________ impressions and _______ tracks can link a suspect to a crime when such impressions at the scene match an object in the suspect possession
private
_________ property belongs to an individual and is not open to the public
show-up
a ___ ___ occurs when an officer presents a victim or witness with a single suspect for identification , during the same time as the initial investigation
photographic array
a _____ ___ can be more efficient than a live line-up because the agency can reprint existing photographs
court reporter , electronic recording device
a _____ ____ , or _____ _____ _____ , will record all responses , transcribe them , and them print them for the case file and distribution to the involved parties
plastic print
a _____ _____ is a molded or imbedded fingerprint created by touching an impressionable surface , such as wet paint or mud that you can easily see.
trial
a _____ is the examination of facts and related law preside over by a judge or other magistrate who has the authority or jurisdiction to hear the matter
capias
a ______ is a legal order for an arrest issued by the clerk of courts at the request of the state attorney
deposition
a ______ is an official court proceeding in which all parties , with the exception of the defendant , provide sworn testimonies regarding the facts of the case to one of the attorneys ( defense or prosecutor) prior to trial
sentencing hearing
a _______ _____ can occur before trial if the defendant accepts a plea
person
a _______ can be a crime scene or part of a crime scene
suspect
a _______ is a person believed to have committed a crime or offense
victim
a _______ is a person harmed by crime
witness
a _______ is a person who sees , knows, or vouches for something and may make a sworn statement about the information
subpoena
a _______ is necessary to gain access to these private records
complainant
a ________ is a person who alleges that a crime has been committed or can be the person who calls the police
suspect
a __________ does not have the right to refuse photographing injuries such as scratches from the victim or blood evidence
amount, criminal , offense
a bond hearing will determine if the defendant is eligible to bond out - and if so , the _______ of the bond based upon the defendants _______ history , ________ , and flight risk
evidence
a larger crime scene also helps keep crowds away from _________
warrant
a person occupying private property has an expectation of privacy that no one can violate without a search _______ or a valid exception to the warrant requirement
six
a photographic array consists of a minimum of ___ photos
evidence
a protected , well managed crime scene allows for the presentation of credible ______ in the court that can establish the guilt or innocence of a suspect
24
according to florida law, the first appearance hearing must occur within _______ hours of the arrest
safety , injuries
after finding the incidents location , address officer ________ concerns and any victim or witness _______ , and secure the potential crime scene
DAVID, FALCON, NCIC ,FCIC,
after obtaining the full name ,race , sex, and date of birth conduct a criminal justice database search , such as _______ , _________ , and _________ /______ , to gain an accurate physical description of the suspect , address , or vehicle
k-9, swat,
agency resources that can assist in searching for a wanted person can include , ______ , aerial support , _________ , or fugitive task force
. a law enforcement , in lieu of a physical arrest, issues a notice to appear in a designated court at a specified date and time . the magistrate releases the person from custody on his or her own recognizance , of . the individual bonds out
all arrested individuals go to a first appearance hearing , except under the following circumstances .....
elimination prints
allow fingerprint analysts to distinguish between prints belonging to either the victim and witnesses or the possible suspects
independent administrator
an ____ ______ presents a photographic array to the victim or witness simultaneously or sequentially
address
an ______ is essential to verifying that the witness actually lives at the location where you made the contact , and is not a guest
investigation
an ________ occurs when you make detailed and systematic inquiries or observations
state attorney , judge
an attorney from the ______ ______ office may be present during the deposition ; a ______ will not be .
latent prints
are among the most valuable types of physical evidence and one of the most common types of evidence you will recover at a crime scene . although generally invisible to the naked eye , latent prints result from body residues left behind when the friction ridges of the hands or feet make contact with a surface
bystanders , pets
avoid including ________ , other officers , your equipment , or _____ in crime scene photographs
blood , semen
biological evidence left at crime scenes may contain DNA. consider all objects at a crime scene as possible sources of DNA evidence . these specimens could be ________ , saliva, urine, _______ , perspiration, vaginal secretions , feces, or vomit
saliva
bite marks may also contain _______
biological and touch DNA evidence
blood , semen , saliva , bones, teeth , body tissue, hair , DNA touch DNA
chemistry or toxicology evidence
blood alcohol levels, drugs, poisons, etc
admissible evidence
chapter 90 F.S specifically identifies what constitutes ______ ____ , including oral testimony. florida statutes defines _____ _____ as relevant evidence tending to prove or disprove an important fact , with numerous exceptions specified
questioned documents evidence
checks , bank statements , address books, wire transfers , credit cards , phone bills , photographs or cameras , photocopies
electronic evidence
computers , cell phones , PDA , thumb drives , external hard drives, CD's, DVD's , VHS, tapes , digital cameras , answering machines , digital recording devices
sketches
crime scene ______ are a means of documentation that aid in the reconstruction, explanation, and permanent recording of an incident
larger
crime scene perimeters should be _______ rather than smaller
direct , indirect
determine their degrees of ______ or _______ involvement and the role each person played in the incident
not
do _____ allow the involved parties to talk to each other
secured
do not allow them to enter the ________ crime scene area
details
do not reveal the ______ of the crime- names, seriousness, or how the crime was committed
edmond locard
dr. _______ _______ (1877-1966) , a pioneer in forensic science; " every contact leaves trace. " referred to as locards exchange principle , this contends that everyone who enters a crime scene will both bring something into and take something from it
impression evidence
fingerprints , tire tracks , footwear im-pressions , footprints , bite marks , tool marks
rule of sequestration
florida statutes , s.90.616 , addresses the ______ ___ ______ , which states that you must follow the judges orders completely when he or she invokes the rule
paper bags
for example wet evidence , such as items soaked with body fluids or living plant material, must either be air- dried , packaged in breathable containers such as ____ ______ , or both
evidence markers
help to document the relative positions of evidence items in the crime scene. place evidence markers next to each piece of evidence within the crime scene after initially photographing the scene and developing your initial sketch
please certify the question
if asked an improper question , you may answer , " ________ ______ _______ _____ " . this requires the attorney present the question to a judge who may decide to order an answer to the question
sustained , overruled
if the judge ________ the objection , the witness may not answer the question. if the objection is _____ , the witness must answer the question
who , what , when , where , why , how
if the victim does not require immediate first aid , ask direct , fundamental questions about how the victim sustained the injury , such as the following
second
if you are going to diagram a crime scene this is the _______ event that should take place after photographing the scene and before any detailed work begins
gender
if you need to take photographs of an injury to any external genital organs, have an officer of the same _________ as the victim observe and photograph the injuries
case number , date
include the ________ ______ , location, _______ and time , and your name when submitting photographs
arrest
instruct people to move behind the crime scene tape , advising that refusal may result in _______
evidence
is anything that tends to prove or disprove an alleged fact
triangulation
is the most common method of surveying (measuring and documenting ) objects within the crime scene . this method measures objects from at least two fixed points , forming a triangle
. what is the location ? . are any weapons involved? . has the complaintant indicated the suspects location? . how many individuals involved ? . how many officers are necessary to safely contain or control the situation? . do you need additional services? . do you need special equipment? . are any special concerns or dangers associated with the call?
key questions that will help you assess the situation adequately
sketch, sketch
most patrol officers will not regularly _______ a crime scene ; however , a crime scene _______ will assist in validating the relationships of items within the crime scene
evidence
never handle ________ with your bare hands
injuries , evidence
note whether the information the victim provides appears to be consistent with the _______ and ______ at the scene
telephone or subpoena
notification may come by _____ or _______ ( pretrial meeting )
suppression hearing
occurs after the defense files a motion to suppress or to exclude certain testimony or evidence from the trial , alleging that your improper actions violated their clients rights
do not
officers not assigned to the crime scene _____ _____ have access just because they are law enforcement officers
grid search pattern
often used indoors,; a variation of the strip/line search pattern. searchers overlap a series of lanes in a cross pattern , making the search more methodical and thorough
sustain, overrule
once someone makes an objection , the judge will either ______ or ______ it
unauthorized
once the crime scene perimeter is established, do not allow any ________ removal or alteration of any evidence
first
photographing the crime scene is the _______ event that should take place before any detailed crime scene work begins
not to scale
sketches should include the statement " _______ ___ _____ " unless you are prepared to testify that every item is precisely drawn to scale on the sketch
law enforcement
tell victim to notify ____ ____ for further documentation if bruising intensifies
differently
testimonial evidence is generally less reliable than physical evidence because people perceive events ___________ , do not remember accurately , or lie
toxicology
the _________ section of a laboratory analyzes samples of blood , to determine chemical and alcohol content, and urine , to detect chemical content
success
the actions of the first responding officer on the scene have a significant impact on the ________ of an investigation
judge , jury , juvenile
the defendant selects trial by _____ or ______ , unless the defendant is a ________
birds eye view
the most common method of sketching is using the ________ ______ ______ or downward observation perspective
general , midrange
the overall flow of crime scene photography moves from _____ to specific ; use overall , _______ , and then close up photography
one, crime scene log
the primary officer or investigator will designate ____ point of entry and exit for the crime scene , and will assign an officer to maintain a _______ ______ ______ at that location
inconsistencies
the purpose of the pretrial meeting is to give the state attorney an opportunity to clarify facts of the case and deal with any ______
number , type
the size and type of search dictates the _____ and ______ of personnel or resources needed for crime scene processing
crime
the size of the crime scene depends on the type of _______, the type of evidence, and the location of the evidence
moving , stationary, electric
there are several ways to perform surveillance on a suspects location: ________ , _______ , and , __________
public , private
there are two main types of information - _____ records and ______ records
no
there is _____ crime scene exception to the fourth amendment search warrant requirement
suspect
use a minimum of 5 filler photographs together with only one of the ______
NCIC/FCIC
use identifying marks to conduct _______ /________ databases check on a firearm
cell phone
use your agency digital camera with a flash. avoid using _____ ______ camera ; the phone may be impounded
zone/quadrant search
used for vehicle searches , outdoors , or a large area . divided the area into four different sections and search each using one of the patterns above
spiral search pattern
usually used outside by one person. the searcher begins at a certain point and walks in increasingly larger circles to the outermost boundary of the search area
strip/line search pattern
usually used outside by several people . divided the search area into lanes . have on or more people search each lane by moving in both directions , examining all areas
firearms evidence
weapons , projectiles , gunshot residue , cartrdige cases tool marks , data base information
involved
when establishing which people may have information , ask those present where they were and how they were _______ in the incident
privacy
when involved in surveillance, do not enter an area in which a person has a reasonable expectation of ______
scale , identifier
when photographing specific items such as blood drops, weapons, or tire marks , place a _____ or ____ in the photograph with the evidence to establish the original positions and draw attention to relevant objects or evidence for photographing and sketching
clear
when recovering a firearm or ammunition at a crime scene _______ all bullets from the chamber or cylinder
first aide
when there are injured people at the scene , responding officers have additional responsibilities such as providing _____ ______
physical
while _____ evidence consists of objects or perishable evidence such as fingerprints, blood, or tire tracks.
