Critical Incidents

They are capable of carrying extremely large amounts of explosives

VBIED

Interview the complainant and the owner or representative of the building or threatened area. Ask them to meet you away from the _______________ area. Sources of additional information may include witnesses or key people, such as custodians or security personnel, with special knowledge about the area.

threatened

The Emergency Response topic has ___________ subsections: fire, spill or leak, and first aid.

three

___________________ with the users and suppliers of hazardous materials in the community can be helpful in a hazmat situation.

Familiarity

___________ creates the potential for an explosion or a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion. The ERG gives in depth information about protective action distances. Recommendations depend on the spill's size, weather conditions, and time of day. Geographical conditions can also affect the distribution of any hazardous materials.

Fire

_____________: The _________ subsection provides guidelines to all levels of responders. Awareness- level responders must not attempt to extinguish a fire that involves hazardous materials. Normal fire extinguisher training is not sufficient to fight a fire that directly involves hazardous materials. You should attempt to fight such a fire only if you have proper training and protection. Operational- level personnel with the necessary protection and training can accomplish a defensive fire attack. Technician- level personnel must conduct an offensive fire attack.

Fire

The _______________ requires most vehicles transporting hazardous materials to display placards that describe the class of hazardous materials on board.

USDOT

In a hazmat incident the main objectives are to:

- isolate the area without entering it - keep people away from the scene - ensure people are upwind and out of low- lying areas

There are, however, certain factors common to active shooters. These may include:

- loss of significant relationships - changes in financial status or loss of or termination from a job - feelings of victimization - major adverse changes to life circumstances - feelings of perceived injustice

______________ are materials that are neither solid nor liquid at ordinary temperatures; they are contained under pressure.

Gases

_______________ may be flammable, non-flammable, poisonous, or corrosive.

Gases

__________ helps manage resources effectively.

ICS

Rely on agency _______________ and procedures to avoid risk to people and property.

policies

__________________ in plain language since different agencies may use different radio codes.

Communicate

________________ a plan for your family ahead of time will ease your anxiety and allow you to focus on your duties.

Creating

_________________ are materials or devices designed to release energy very rapidly. Consider all _________________ to be extreme hazards when they are involved in or near a fire. Some examples of _______________ materials are dynamite, black powder, and small arms ammunition.

Explosives

________________ is prone to many types of environmental disasters, particularly hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wildfires

Florida

________________________ critical incidents include active shooter events, hazardous material spills, or bomb threats.

Human-made

It has helped officers both locally and nationally manage situations, such as large vehicle crashes, hurricanes, wildfires, large social gatherings, and missing persons.

ICS

Law enforcement and other public safety organizations use ___________ to deal with many types of incidents.

ICS

The National Incident Management System (NIMS) provides ___________ training on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) website, www.fema.gov.

ICS

The ___________ scope and structure can expand or contract based on the nature of the incident. Be prepared to transfer ICS command as needed.

ICS

You will get assignments and attend regular briefings for ongoing situations, such as hurricanes or wildfires, for which an ___________ is already established.

ICS

When acting as part of the initial response to a critical incident, obtain the the necessary information from dispatch and immediately:

Identify the type of incident or threat. Determine if the situation requires personal protective equipment (PPE). Establish ICS. Set up a command post. Determine the resources needed, including the assistance of other agencies. Determine whether to shelter-in-place or evacuate (with evacuation routes and collection points). Shelter-in-place means taking immediate shelter in a readily accessible location or remaining in- side a structure to prevent exposure to a dangerous situation that exists outside of the structure.

The ______________ _____________ ___________ (ICS) is a standard, on-scene, all-hazards approach to manage and coordinate the operation of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications under a common organizational structure.

Incident Command System

________________ refers to an area and its use. Some examples are industrial parks, business districts, agricultural areas, and residential neighborhoods. Details such as traffic patterns, time of day, inhabitants, and type of location may affect how you respond to a potential hazard.

Location

__________________ refers to a structure and its use. Some examples are manufacturing facilities, storage facilities, retail establishments, and residences.

Occupancy

_________________ not at the scene or working in a command post depend on the responding officers to provide regular updates as events develop.

Personnel

Be careful to never put yourself at risk in the process. ______________ direct contamination by avoiding contact with the product and its gases, vapors, or smoke

Prevent

___________ ___________ organizations often use the Incident Command System during a critical incident.

Public safety

Hundreds of _______________ ______________ attacks have occurred across the United States, and the threat of such violent incidents remains a primary concern for all law enforcement officers.

active shooter

The FBI defines an _______________ _____________ as one or more individuals participating in a random or systematic killing spree demonstrating their intent to harm others with a firearm.

active shooter

An _____________ _____________ goal is mass murder, not traditional criminal acts, such as robbery or hostage taking.

active shooter's

You will need to work _____________ all of these individuals and agencies to ensure that your community recovers.

alongside

For example, if you know that you have a large elderly population or many people who do not speak English, you can provide information about these needs to other ________________ agencies.

assisting

Although public safety employees have this duty to act, as a responder you should not try to do something _______________ your level of training or the capability of your equipment when responding to an incident.

beyond

If you have worked to build a bond with community members, there is a greater ____________ this information will persuade them to take appropriate precautions or be linked to the proper resources

chance

Your disaster kit should include many of the same items but also have an extra uniform and a ____________ ___________ ___________.

change of clothes

Certain traits are __________________ to active shooters. They may experience hate, anger, and the feeling that they have been victimized by others, even if this is untrue.

common

Previously, responses to active shooter incidents focused on ________________ a threat and awaiting the arrival of SWAT teams.

containing

These materials include acids, solvents, or other materials that may cause irreversible damage to human tissues.

corrosive substances

Often classified as _____________ ______________, these are events that can put lives at risk and cause major damage to property and the environment.

critical incidents

They can be natural, or the result of human acts or error.

critical incidents

While your knowledge of your community is always valuable, it will be ______________ during disasters.

crucial

Most incidents require some type of __________________ or documentation when they are over. These will vary depending on the situation.

debriefing

As an officer, you must be ready to respond when a _______________ ______________.

disaster strikes

Officers with strong community ties will also be more ________________ when delivering information about evacuations and safety procedures

effective

Before a disaster strikes, have an ___________________ plan in place for your family members and pets.

emergency

As explained in Chapter 12, a hazmat accident has the potential to cause _______________ harm to a community.

enormous

Right after the disaster, your work will shift from __________________ to search and rescue and delivering supplies; providing security to shelters, distribution centers, and hospitals; and keeping the peace.

evacuation

Additionally, you will help provide support to those who may have lost ________________.

everything

Some ______________ of explosive materials are dynamite, black powder, and small arms ammunition.

examples

Some _______________ of potentially hazardous gases are acetylene, hydrogen, and anhydrous ammonia.

examples

When confronted with an active shooter incident, you may encounter a chaotic situation with large numbers of injured people, fleeing crowds, and secondary hazards, such as improvised ________________ ________________. Follow your agency's policies and tactical training if you respond to an active shooter or in- progress shooting.

explosive devices

Consider all ________________ to be extreme hazards when they are involved in or near a fire.

explosives

Your ________________ ________________ kit should contain supplies, such as a first-aid kit, important paperwork, non- perishable food, water, toys for children, pet food, a flashlight, batteries, medications, and a radio.

family's disaster

Very ___________ active shooters have had previous arrests for violent crimes. This makes it difficult to identify the shooters before they act.

few

These materials burn in the presence of an ignition source. Some examples are gasoline, diesel fuel, and acetone.

flammable liquids and combustible liquids

These materials are neither liquid nor gas. They may burn in the presence of an ignition source, in the presence of heat or friction, ignite spontaneously, or when in contact with water. Some examples are magnesium, sulfur, and calcium carbide.

flammable solid, spontaneously combustible, and dangerous when wet

These placards are on all __________ ________ of a vehicle, railcar, or other large container, and on the individual packages of the material.

four sides

Knowing the type of building you are entering will help you anticipate what ________________ _________________ may be there. If you don't know the type of building, just assume that hazardous materials are inside.

hazardous materials

Law enforcement officers are sometimes required to assist in ________________ situations.

hazmat

A few examples of other instances where you might encounter ______________ _______________ include a factory explosion, a gas leak in a residential neighborhood, or a petroleum spill in a body of water.

hazmat incidents

Employees, vehicle drivers, and bystanders may be able to identify the product. If you cannot identify the material's specific name, make decisions as an awareness- level responder to minimize potential _____________ _______________.

health hazards

Many active shooters show their desire to ____________ others before carrying out a mass shooting. They may engage in certain behaviors that prompt those around them to realize they are thinking about carrying out mass violence.

hurt

These behaviors may include showing their desire to ____________ others through social media or journal writings, and making statements to other people.

hurt

To make accurate decisions, it is essential that you _______________ the type of hazardous material involved.

identify

However, current tactics focus on __________________ locating the active shooter and ending the threat before helping the injured.

immediately

Several ___________, regulations, and standards list what an officer should do during a hazmat incident.

laws

Not belonging to Classes 1-8, these materials are subject to USDOT regulations on transportation. Some examples are: - lithium ion batteries - dry ice - magnetized metals - auto-inflating devices, such as airbags - asbestos - molten sulfur, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) - hazardous waste

miscellaneous dangerous goods

Examples of ______________ __________ ____________ include hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wildfires.

natural critical incidents

The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) defines _____________ common classes of hazardous materials. This information can help you identify the type of hazardous material involved in a particular incident.

nine

While post-disaster recovery can often feel chaotic, your role will be helping the community return to a sense of _______________ and order

normalcy

These materials may cause spontaneous combustion or increase the intensity of a fire. Examples include bromine or calcium hypochlorite (bleach).

oxidizers and organic peroxides

You will be expected to work during all ____________ of the disaster. This will make it difficult for you to assist your family in their preparation or evacuation.

phases

It is also important to remember that there is not a single ________________ for a mass shooter.

profile

The effectiveness of your response can impact the _______________ ______________ in law enforcement and can affect a community's ability to recover from a critical incident.

public's confidence

These materials include nuclear waste, radioactive medical materials, and X-ray equipment.

radioactive substances

There is usually a direct ______________ between the size of the container and the size of the affected geographical area.

relationship

Officers who have established strong ___________________ with their community will have more knowledge of what the community needs before and after a disaster

relationships

Although an agency's response to natural disasters may vary with policies, certain law enforcement duties are _____________ ______________.

relatively standard

While every day as a law enforcement officer will offer its own unique challenges, sometimes you will be required to respond to events that are outside the _____________ of your typical duties.

scope

You can expect to help with evacuations, traffic control, and directions, as well as provide _____________ for shelters.

security

The ______________ of the container involved in the hazmat incident can provide useful information about the type of hazard.

shape

The majority of active shooters are often experiencing many of these indicators. However, these indicators alone do not mean that a person is likely to commit a _______________.

shooting

Note that ICS for different organizations might not include every aspect of this chart. Regardless, the basic structure of any ICS is ____________.

similar

Serving your community through law enforcement means that you must be ready to handle many _______________.

situations

Be sure to check the disaster kits every _________ months and replace any food, water, or medicines that might have expired.

six

The _____________ ____________ _____________ is the level of competency expected or required when performing this duty.

standard of care

A ____________ _______________ with the community can potentially save many lives and help speed recovery after the disaster.

strong relationship

These materials include medical waste and biological hazards.

toxic materials and infectious substances

Only a properly equipped and ________________ officer should approach any potential hazmat situation. Always use extreme caution

trained

To identify the material, you may have to look at documents or shipping papers, or interview the ________________ driver or facility staff.

transport

The main types of containers include portable, fixed, and __________________ containers.

transportation

As with many other types of critical incidents, agency policies and response protocols for addressing an active shooter event ____________.

vary

As an officer, you will be one piece in the larger puzzle of disaster response and recovery. Your entire community, as well as outside emergency management agencies and first responders, _________ assist in recovery efforts.

will

Your community members will turn to ____________ for support. When you display empathy, calmness, and professionalism, you are more likely to be successful in recovery efforts.

you

The kits should contain the basic supplies needed for a __________-hour period.

72

_________________ govern the use of placards or labels on vehicles and facilities that store or transport hazardous materials.

Regulations

The more details you can get, the better the ____________ team can perform its job.

bomb

Prepare ______________ ____________ for both yourself and your family.

disaster kits

A few things to include in your family emergency plan include:

- a family meeting location - at least one out-of-town contact - a list of emergency management contacts for your county - a method for your family to contact you once the disaster is over

Indicators of a VBIED might include:

- a threat that specifically mentions explosives in a vehicle - a vehicle that is parked suspiciously close to a building or in a restricted parking area without a proper decal or sticker - a car that is unfamiliar to building occupants or seems to have a heavy load, indicated by riding low on its rear axle - a vehicle that has a strange smell or leaks powder or liquid - reports that a driver or passenger exited a vehicle and left hurriedly - a bomb canine alerting officers that a vehicle is a threat

Do not enter or let the public enter an area or vehicle, and do not rescue or resuscitate a person if the following indicators are present:

- an unresponsive or sleeping person in a vehicle - warning sign(s) taped to doors or windows - unusual odors such as rotten eggs, sulfur, or burnt almonds - a suicide note inside the vehicle - pennies in the area tarnished with residue - yellow- green or white residue on vehicle seats, dashboard, or windows - household cleaning or pesticide containers - buckets for mixing chemicals - a vehicle's inside door handles removed - tape or towels sealing a door or air vents - a bag over the person's head

Mail bombs can be difficult to detect. Some possible signs are envelopes or packages that:

- are rigid - have too much postage - have misspellings of common words - are handwritten - have poorly typed addresses - have discoloration - have protruding wires - have strange odors

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a standard facility and vehicle marking system called the 704 system. Placed on the outside of structures, storage facilities, or vehicles, this large symbol indicates that hazardous products are stored there. The diamond- shaped symbol is divided into four segments that indicate the following risks:

- blue: health hazards - red: flammability hazards - yellow: reactivity - white: other (provides information on any special hazards of the material

In a bomb threat situation, the decision to conduct a search depends on different factors:

- if permission is obtained to search a building or area - the level of risk for those conducting the search - the credibility and amount of detail provided in the threat, as discussed in the previous lesson - additional threats or the possibility of secondary devices - agency policies on searching for explosives

Use these senses from a safe distance and look for the following:

- pressure release - smoke or fire - liquids, gas leaks, or vapor cloud - condensation on pipelines or containers - chemical reactions - mass casualties

When responding to a bomb threat, get as much information as possible from dispatch. This initial information guides your actions upon arrival. Information collected should include:

- the nature of the complaint - the means of the threat - the time the threat was received - the alleged time of detonation - a description of the device, if known - the location of the device, if known - who received the threat

Always look for safe locations and protective cover to defend against an explosion. A general safe distance for the initial perimeter is ___________ feet from the supposed location of the bomb. This is a minimum evacuation distance and applies to situations in which the type or amount of explosive is unknown.

1,000

A common policy or rule is to be out of a building at least ____________ minutes before the alleged time of detonation and not return until the building has been cleared. If a threat includes information about a location of an explosive device, remember this information when approaching. This could change how you approach, and allow you to stay as far away from the device as possible.

30

It is very difficult to bring ______________ pounds of explosives into a building, but a small rental truck carrying that amount could blow up in front of a building and cause mass destruction.

7,000

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a standard facility and vehicle marking system called the ____________ system.

704

_______________ _______________, also known as detergent suicide, is a way of committing suicide that involves mixing two or more easily acquired chemicals

Chemical suicide

_________ _______________- level responders should follow agency policies and procedures to terminate their involvement in a hazmat incident.

All awareness

_____________ may conceal explosives within some form of packaging. Never try to open or handle a suspected device or package.

Bombers

Once mixed, these chemicals produce gases that quickly fill an enclosed area. _____________ _______________ typically occurs in vehicles, closets, bathrooms, or other small, confined spaces where the concentration of gas can quickly accumulate to dead

Chemical suicide

_____________ of placards and labels also help identify a material's hazard classification. Company names and other unique markings may indicate the presence of hazardous materials.

Colors

________________ _____________ ________________ are required to carry documents that list the contents of their shipment. These documents are called shipping papers or shipping manifests. They can help you identify the materials and associated hazards and take appropriate actions if exposure occurs.

Commercial vehicle operators

________________ _________________ used in making methamphetamine are the one-pot "Shake and Bake" method, the red phosphorous method, and the "Nazi" (anhydrous ammonia) method.

Common methods

__________________ that store contents under pressure, such as propane or oxygen tanks, can have additional problems, like explosions and vapor releases

Containers

________________ will be the major issue in determining whether to search or evacuate. The owner or building representative must give permission to search or evacuate, unless you find a device. In this case, the area has become a crime scene, and you will order a mandatory evacuation.

Credibility

______________ ________________ used in the manufacturing process of methamphetamine can be found anywhere in a home, vehicle, vessel, shed, motel, or other location. The materials used are readily available items, such as coffee filters, two- liter bottles, blenders, lithium batteries, red- tipped matches, cold tablets, camp stove fuels, drain cleaner, brake fluid, and bleach. The presence of a combination of these materials may indicate a meth lab.

Dangerous chemicals

Other regulations, such as local ordinances, require commercial facilities to show other symbols that describe the hazardous materials on site. The U.S. __________________ ___________________ Agency requires all pesticides and some other chemical substances to show warning labels on the outside of the container to indicate harmful contents.

Environmental Protection

An agency ____________ sets safe and uniform guidelines for response to incidents involving weapons of mass destruction or hazardous materials.

ERP

An ______________ _______________ _____________ (ERP) is a written plan that describes what an organization will do during various major events.

Emergency Response Plan

______________ the area if the incident is going to last for an extended period or could potentially cause a fire or explosion.

Evacuate

__________________: After isolating the immediate danger area, the next step is to evacuate or protect people in the downwind hazard area or within the radius of the incident. This distance can be very large, depending on the type of material and whether the material was spilled or involved in a fire, which may make the radius of the incident much wider than it would have been otherwise.

Evacuation

_______________ are materials or devices designed to release energy very rapidly.

Explosives

___________ are materials that are neither solid nor liquid at ordinary temperatures; they are contained under pressure. __________ may be flammable, non-flammable, poisonous, or corrosive. Some examples of potentially hazardous gases are acetylene, hydrogen, and anhydrous ammonia.

Gases

_______________ exposure symptoms include severe respiratory irritation, severe eye irritation, convulsions, coma, and death.

High

An _____________ is made from commercially available materials and can be disguised as almost anything.

IED

Remember to consider the possibility that a door or entryway could have an _______________ attached.

IED

___________s have been hidden in trash bins, backpacks, and road signs, concealed under debris, and otherwise constructed to prevent discovery.

IED

__________________ devices can start fires, destroy property, and harm people

Incendiary

Well- known examples are Molotov cocktails, napalm, and firebombs

Incendiary devices

_____________ ______________ may produce strong chemical odors, similar to rotten eggs or cat urine

Meth labs

If you or others become suspicious of a mailed item, do not handle it. ____________ the item and evacuate the area.

Isolate

If you find nothing suspicious, be careful telling the property owner. _____________ could be an issue if you offer such definitive statements as, "There are no explosives at this location," or "It is safe to go back inside."

Liability

____________ exposure to such chemicals can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.

Mild

____________ _____________ are a special class of suspicious items. They could be delivered by the U.S. Postal Service, a commercial delivery service, or by hand.

Mail bombs

__________ ____________ are locations where methamphetamine is manufactured.

Meth labs

___________ _____________ are safety hazards. The ingredients used to produce meth are typically flammable, explosive chemicals when under pressure or heated. Mixing these chemicals can produce violent explosions or toxic gases. If you suspect a lab is present, do not inhale fumes, touch or taste the chemicals, or turn anything on or off. Meth labs can also be booby- trapped. Use caution when coming into contact with any person exposed to a meth lab.

Meth labs

____________ _____________ can be easily acquired and are generally recognizable. They include hand grenades, landmines, and rocket launchers. You may encounter such devices when responding to a report of a found, abandoned, or suspicious military item.

Military devices

_________________ _______________ or souvenirs accidentally discovered can be live or inert. Always assume that such devices are live. Do not handle them. Clear the area and request assistance from a bomb squad for proper removal or disposal

Military memorabilia

_________________ exposure can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, coughing, and difficulty breathing.

Moderate

_____________ _____________ come via telephone. Some, however, come by voicemail, a note left at the scene, social media, a mailed letter, a fax, or an email. Identify the time the complainant received the threat.

Most threats

Smell, touch, and taste are considered higher-risk senses when identifying hazardous materials. _____________ use them to identify a hazardous material.

Never

Some examples are activating an agency's ERP and making sure help is coming. Call the emergency contact number on the shipping papers or the emergency response telephone numbers listed inside the ERG's back cover for more information. Advise other responders of incident conditions, type and amount of materials, safe approach information, ERG page to use, needed resources, and any actions taken.

Notification

_________________: The notification subsection lets you know the first thing to do when called to a scene.

Notification

_____________ ________________: The _______________ ______________ subsection tells you about protective clothing you may need. Protective clothing requires proper training to use. Most agencies do not furnish protective clothing to patrol officers

Protective clothing

Many places require facilities to keep documents that outline the type of hazardous materials stored or manufactured on site. One example of a facility document is the ______________ ______________ _______________ (SDS).

Safety Data Sheet

These devices may detonate at a certain time, or radio- controlled devices or cell phones can cause detonation. During a search, always assume that there is a secondary device in the area.

Secondary explosive devices

Typically, these devices are hidden or camouflaged. Bombers place the devices in ordinary objects, such as vehicles, flashlights, backpacks, flowerpots, or garbage cans.

Secondary explosive devices

_________________ ______________ ______________ are designed to inflict additional injury, damage, and fear by exploding after a primary explosion or other major emergency response event has attracted large numbers of responders to the scene.

Secondary explosive devices

__________ and ______________ are considered lower-risk senses when identifying hazardous materials.

Sight; hearing

_________ or __________: Personnel engaged in controlling spills and leaks must have proper protection and training. You do not have training in spill or leak control. Operational- level personnel can perform spill control if they avoid direct contact with the material and have proper protection. Operational- level responders can also activate remote shut-off. Technician- level responders can perform leak control

Spill or leak

________________ of chemical suicide can be different depending on the amount of exposure.

Symptoms

Since these items may not be easily recognized, treat anything found under suspicious circumstances as a possible ____________ _____________.

explosive device

____________s can be very powerful and dangerous.

VBIED

Rioters, arsonists, and criminals frequently use _____________ _______________.

incendiary devices

When approaching a possible bomb situation, decide whether to turn off radios and radio wave- transmitting devices. There is no universal agreement on whether to do this at or near a bomb threat scene. Agency policies will determine whether to use the radio. Avoiding radio use may stop the _________________ ________________ or detonation of a bomb designed to explode by radio waves. Notify dispatch and supervisors just before arrival if you plan to turn off radios or other equipment that emits radio waves.

accidental triggering

In the ____________ - ____________ analysis, the agency's goal is to review any weaknesses and implement any additional or corrective training, as necessary.

after- action

Conduct the search thoroughly. Remember that explosives can be hidden _________________.

anywhere

In most cases, you must _________ the owner or building representative for permission to search the property. The owner or building representative is usually cooperative regarding a search.

ask

If the ____________ is supposed to detonate within a short time, postpone the search. Make sure everyone remains at a safe distance outside the building until after the alleged time of detonation. After that time passes, reevaluate the situation and determine if the search should resume. In some instances, an agency's procedure might require a waiting period before beginning a search

bomb

Respond to potential incendiary devices the same way you would respond to _____________ ____________ and never touch, move, or disturb an incendiary device.

bomb situations

Many bombs do not appear to be _______________ at all. Sometimes an explosive device is found simply because it is a suspicious item. A bomb may resemble almost anything. If you find an item that seems suspicious, ask someone if the item belongs there.

bombs

Be alert to the possibility of ______________ ______________ detonation devices. Watch where you step and do not back up without first looking behind you.

booby- trapped

If the public area search yields nothing, determine whether to search the entire building. A building's interior search should go from _____________ to top, beginning with the basement areas, including utility rooms and areas with heating, cooling, electrical power, and telephone equipment.

bottom

Evacuation distance from a vehicle should be much greater than evacuation distance from a _________________ because a VBIED is potentially very large, and pieces of the vehicle can act as shrapnel.

building

Many types of explosive devices exist. Agencies do not expect you to know and be able to identify all varieties of bombs, explosives, or military ordnance. Regardless of the type of explosive, always be ______________ and follow agency policies and procedures when dealing with a potential explosive device.

careful

A ____________ _____________, done without knowledge of the building's layout, particularly in a large or complex building, might mean some areas are searched several times, while others are completely missed.

chaotic search

During the _____________ ____________ phase, officers provide information on operational strengths and weaknesses.

incident critique

The risk level might be too high to conduct a search. The information received in a threat or warning may indicate that the device is booby- trapped. The bomber could also trigger the device remotely. If there is a booby-trap concern, only special units or bomb squads should ___________ __________ ____________.

conduct the search

In an emergency, if the owner or building representative cannot be located, you may conduct the search without ______________.

consent

Finding a device, suspicious item, or other suspicious circumstances may indicate that the threat is ______________. The amount of detail provided in the threat may also show that the threat is real and let you know the risk level involved.

credible

Treat all threats and bomb situations as _______________ until proved otherwise. This assumption will help you decide what action to take next. You may recommend a search or evacuation, participate in a search, notify the bomb squad, fire department, or EMS, or move the public farther from the threat.

credible

The ______________________ process for a meth lab incident is the same as for any hazmat exposure. Evacuate the occupants and leave the premises immediately. Do not place anything in the patrol vehicle before decontamination or allow the removal of any items from the site. Establish a perimeter and follow agency policies and procedures for a meth lab response. Always use caution when encountering a meth lab or suspected meth lab. Remember that many meth labs are mobile and are found in vehicles. After the initial response, interview all involved people, document the incident, and identify any need for post- exposure medical evaluations

decontamination

A creative bomb maker can construct an explosive device to __________________ through a number of methods. Some examples include tripwires, pressure switches, motion detectors, infrared beams, and remote triggers.

detonate

This could help the bomb squad find the suspected device and predict possible damage caused by _________________.

detonation

Because the evacuation process may be ______________ (for example, due to dense population or the presence of a school or hospital) or expose people to greater hazards than remaining in the area would, rely on agency policies for guidance.

difficult

If the threat contained a phrase such as, "The bomb will go off one hour from now," the time of the call becomes very important. This allows you to ___________________ the possible time of detonation, the level of risk, and a deadline by which evacuations or searches must be completed.

estimate

The _________________ subsection also gives information about how far people should stay from a spill, known as the protective action distance.

evacuation

If the threat takes physical form, such as a letter or note, collect that item as ________________. Identify and interview the person in possession of it. Secure, log, and protect all evidence.

evidence

(In regards to the credibility of the threat) Ask questions about possible suspects (ex- employees, disgruntled employees, angry customers, ________________ or suspended students, or employees who may be having domestic disputes) and find out who controls access to the building. Find and interview anyone who might know the caller's motivation.

expelled

If you approach the scene and see signs of an _______________, the situation has changed. Now, there may be additional safety issues, such as broken gas lines, weakened building structures, debris, and fires. Immediately alert EMS, the fire department, and the bomb squad, and request additional backup. Remember to always review and follow your agency's policies and guidelines regarding bomb threats. Increase the perimeter distance to secure the area. It has now become a possible crime scene. Be aware that items that may not initially appear important may be potential evidence

explosion

Searching systematically requires that you follow the search plan _________________ and that searchers use appropriate search methods and patterns.

faithfully

_________ ___________: The ________ _________ subsection outlines basic first aid for victims of exposure. Awareness- level responders may identify contaminated people who present a significant risk of secondary contamination, but should avoid direct contact with these people to prevent exposure. Encourage contaminated, conscious victims to move to an isolated area and await medical assistance from properly trained and protected personnel. Do not allow anyone or anything to leave the area without evaluation for decontamination by properly protected qualified personnel.

first aid

Consult the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (____________ section) if the type of hazardous material is highlighted in the ERG

green

Sometimes officers will not see the device, and the information will come from interviewing someone who __________ seen it.

has

These documents must be displayed in facilities where a ________________ ________________ is stored, manufactured, or used. Other facility documents include the employer's Emergency Response Plan.

hazardous substance

Such _____________ could include fuel storage tanks, other stored chemicals, tanks of pressurized gas, steel rods, rolls of wire, or containers of bolts or nails. Be sure to inform the bomb squad of any additional hazards known.

hazards

In each area, a number from 0 to 4 indicates the material's relative hazard with 0 indicating no hazard and 4 indicating the ____________ _____________.

highest hazard

There are several methods of chemical suicide. The most common method uses _____________ _______________ and hydrogen cyanide. If you encounter a chemical suicide situation, follow the procedures for a hazmat response, including establishing a safe perimeter.

hydrogen sulfide

If you find a suspicious item, vacate the room or area ____________________. Take a quick look at the device before leaving.

immediately

An ________________ ________________ ________________ (IED) is a homemade bomb built and used in ways other than conventional military action.

improvised explosive device

Common materials used in the manufacture of _________________ _________________ are roadway flares, gasoline or motor oil, and glass containers.

incendiary devices

If there is no good protective cover available, or if the type and amount of the explosive requires it, substantially ______________ the evacuation distance. Upon arrival, direct everyone to move to a safe location. If circumstances allow, evacuate people upwind, or at least crosswind

increase

After the exterior search, conduct an ____________ ______________. Look for any items that seem out of place, and search potential hiding spots. The most obvious areas to search are any mentioned in the threat. If you find no device in the suspected places, search the publicly accessible areas, including entryways and foyers, lobbies, waiting areas, restrooms, cleaning and storage closets, and elevator shafts, including the tops of elevators.

interior search

Street maps, building layouts, or someone familiar with the area can help provide additional, more detailed information related to the device's location, if ______________.

known

A _________ ___________ can be as small as a soda bottle or as large as a warehouse. A simple chemical process converts pseudoephedrine or ephedrine into methamphetamine.

meth lab

Areas surrounding __________ ___________ often have dead vegetation. Be aware of the toxic nature of the discarded byproducts of the meth- manufacturing process

meth labs

Note any identifying features, including type, color, shape, and size of the device, as well as any names, labels, placards, chemical symbols, or signs indicating the type of explosive. Immediately ______________ anyone nearby, a building representative, and a commanding officer so that the evacuation process may begin.

notify

1. During the __________ - ____________ debriefing process, officers are advised of the materials to which they may have been exposed, signs and symptoms of overexposure, and who to contact if they notice signs or symptoms of exposure. If exposure exceeds the acceptable published limits, the agency will send the officer for medical evaluation.

on- scene

A person can place a pressure switch under a rug, beneath a doormat, or in soil. They can wire a wall light switch into the bomb's triggering circuit so that it detonates by ________________ the switch. They can use a cell phone or a key fob to remotely detonate an explosive device.

operating

When responding to hazmat situations, the ___________ __________- coded pages are the most important part of the ERG. This section has three main topics for each substance identified.

orange color

The ______________ or building representative may be able to answer some important questions to help you assess the situation. Is the threat credible? What kind of risk is involved? What is the evacuation plan, and are there any problems with evacuating? How best can we all communicate? Are any building plans available? The owner or representative may also know the organization's history of incidents or threats.

owner

When _______________ ____________ _____________, use resources, such as a person who has knowledge of the building layout, any existing search plan or search teams, and information contained in the threat or warning.

planning a search

You must also determine and describe as best you can where the item is in relation to both the layout of the building or area and any _______________ ________________.

possible hazards

Consult this topic first. It describes _____________ ____________ that the material may display in terms of fire or explosion and health effects upon expos

potential hazards

Remember that even if you do not see a placard, label, or other warning, hazardous materials may still be ______________.

present

Locate the person who received the threat, even though that person may not be at the scene. The _______________ is sometimes the most important witness; so, interview them as soon as possible. If the recipient is present, do not allow them to leave the scene. Keep track of them for additional questioning by the bomb squad and investigators.

recipient

Follow your agency policies to determine a safe distance for evacuations when parking a patrol vehicle. If there is a compelling reason, you may need to move closer. The first officers on the scene often move closer to talk with _____________________ of the building, interview witnesses, and further assess the situation. Once you have parked, maintain a safe location and distance from the threat. Use natural or artificial structures for protective cover. Adjust your distance and location if new information indicates the initial stopping point is too close.

representatives

Before entering a doorway, visually inspect the doorway and the surrounding area. Watch for tripwires, look for lumps or bulges in the carpet and rugs, and step over floor mats. Do not ___________ into any room or space.

rush

Unless you know the exact location of the device, conduct an exterior search of the building perimeter. Follow this by searching evacuation routes, evacuee collection points, staging areas, and command posts. These are ideal locations for a _________________ _____________. If the building is next to a street, begin at the edge of the street.

secondary device

A ______________ _______________ _______________ is a bomb placed at the scene of an ongoing emergency response that is intended to cause casualties among responders.

secondary explosive device

Commercial vehicle operators are required to carry documents that list the contents of their shipment. These documents are called shipping papers or ______________ ________________.

shipping manifests

If there is video surveillance, view the footage as ____________ ________ ___________. Exchange information with the owner or representative to help confirm and learn any additional information that may verify the threat's credibility

soon as possible

In ______________ ______________, the USDOT does not require placards.

special circumstances

If no search plan exists, make a plan that will _____________________ cover all necessary areas and remove confusion.

systematically

It is essential to follow a _____________ ______________ when arriving at the site of a bomb threat. As you approach the scene, note landmarks and approximate safe distances so that you can give specific directions to other responding units.

tactical approach

Divide and assign certain floors or rooms to different search teams. Each team should place ___________ across the doorway of a room or area when they have completely searched it. If using floor plans, check off rooms or areas as you search.

tape

The Public Safety topic has ______________ subsections: notification, protective clothing, and evacuation.

three

These devices consist of a minimum of ____________ components: an ignition source, a combustible filler material, and a container.

three

These devices are very similar to explosive devices and can function in the same manner. They can be placed anywhere or _______________ at a target.

thrown

If you know the device's location, choose a route that leads to a stopping point a safe distance from the area. Never park _____________ close to the incident or any suspicious item. Do not park in a manner that will block additional units.

too

Anything that holds ___________ or more classes of hazardous materials should display a "DANGEROUS" placard and may use this placard instead of the specific placard for each class of material. This may not always be the case, however, as materials like explosives and toxic gases cannot use the "DANGEROUS" sign.

two

Identifying a hazardous material through the five senses may place you at an __________________ _____________ for exposure.

unacceptable risk

Pay attention to any vehicle parked _______________ close to the building, abandoned luggage, gym bags, backpacks, buggies, strollers, or suspicious packages

unusually

These may also serve as good evacuation gathering areas. When approaching the scene, look for secondary devices or suspicious packages and signs of hazardous materials. You might notice an unusual smell or irritation to your skin, eyes, or breathing passages. If this occurs, you should, if possible, move __________ and uphill from the hazard and seek medical attention.

upwind

If you suspect that a ________________ might contain explosives, note the description and size of the vehicle. Evacuate the area around the ______________ and establish a perimeter.

vehicle

A motor vehicle used as a bomb is a __________________ _________________ _____________ ______________ (VBIED).

vehicle- borne improvised explosive device