Critical Thinking Chapter One

Saying one thing and doing another.

practical inconsistency

Close attention to detail.

precision

Making sure your information and beliefs are true.

accuracy

A belief without absolute proof

assumption

That which is true can be expressed clearly.

clarity

Good critical thinking is never done hastily.

completeness

_______ is the tendency to conform, often unthinkingly, to authority or to group standards of conduct and belief.

conformism

Non-contradiction

consistency

Thinking that involves/exercises skilled judgement or observation.

critical thinking

The view that what a culture thinks is morally right to do, is morally right to do, in that culture.

cultural moral relativism

The view that what is true for person A is what person A's culture or society believes to be true.

cultural relativism

_______ is the view that truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion.

cultural relativism

Self-interested thinking is a form of

egocentrism

The tendency to see reality as centered on oneself.

egocentrism

Logical correctness is a matter of drawing well-founded conclusions from a set of beliefs.

true

One common form of sociocentrism is group bias.

true

Precision is an important critical thinking standard.

true

Relativism can lead to conflicting moral duties.

true

Relativistic thinking is based on the idea that there is no objective or absolute truth because truth is simply a matter of opinion.

true

Thinking is "fair" when it is open-minded, impartial, and free of distorting biases and preconceptions.

true

Unwarranted assumptions are things we take for granted without good reason.

true

A belief without "good reason."

unwarranted assumption

Believing what you want to be true (without evidence or despite evidence to the contrary.)

wishful thinking

Which of the following barriers to critical thinking is highlighted in Chapter 1?

wishful thinking

Open-minded, impartial, non-biased.

fairness

Group bias is a form of egocentrism.

false

Relativism is:

false

The tendency to see one's own group as being inherently better than all others.

group bias

Drawing conclusions about a large group from a small sample.

hasty generalization

Clarity in expression is a sign of _______________.

intelligence

Can distract people from the point but never helps to truly prove the point.

irrelevance

Sound reasoning/valid inferences.

logical correctness

Believing two things that can't be simultaneously true.

logical inconsistency

Critical thinking is:

objective

A sign that one really does not understand the idea one is expressing.

obscurity

Allowing beliefs to be shaped by outside forces such as. (peer pressure)

Conformism

The classic 1950s experiment in which students were asked to match a standard line with three comparison lines in order to test the power of peer pressure was conducted by:

Soloman Asch

Statements are about the way the world is; what makes something true is the way the world is.

relevance

A _________ point restricts itself to the "piece of the world" in question.

relevant

Supporting conclusions because they are in your interest/to your benefit.

self-interested thinking

The following is an example of _______. "This generous pension package benefits me; therefore it's good."

self-interested thinking

The tendency to overrate oneself.

self-serving bias

Group bias is an example of:

sociocentrism

Group centered thinking:

sociocentrism

_______ are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to all or virtually all members of the group, often without regard to whether such attributions are accurate.

stereotypes

The view that truth is a matter of individual opinion.

subjectivism

_______ is the view that truth is a matter of individual opinion.

subjectivism