Critical Thinking Chapter One
Saying one thing and doing another.
practical inconsistency
Close attention to detail.
precision
Making sure your information and beliefs are true.
accuracy
A belief without absolute proof
assumption
That which is true can be expressed clearly.
clarity
Good critical thinking is never done hastily.
completeness
_______ is the tendency to conform, often unthinkingly, to authority or to group standards of conduct and belief.
conformism
Non-contradiction
consistency
Thinking that involves/exercises skilled judgement or observation.
critical thinking
The view that what a culture thinks is morally right to do, is morally right to do, in that culture.
cultural moral relativism
The view that what is true for person A is what person A's culture or society believes to be true.
cultural relativism
_______ is the view that truth is a matter of social or cultural opinion.
cultural relativism
Self-interested thinking is a form of
egocentrism
The tendency to see reality as centered on oneself.
egocentrism
Logical correctness is a matter of drawing well-founded conclusions from a set of beliefs.
true
One common form of sociocentrism is group bias.
true
Precision is an important critical thinking standard.
true
Relativism can lead to conflicting moral duties.
true
Relativistic thinking is based on the idea that there is no objective or absolute truth because truth is simply a matter of opinion.
true
Thinking is "fair" when it is open-minded, impartial, and free of distorting biases and preconceptions.
true
Unwarranted assumptions are things we take for granted without good reason.
true
A belief without "good reason."
unwarranted assumption
Believing what you want to be true (without evidence or despite evidence to the contrary.)
wishful thinking
Which of the following barriers to critical thinking is highlighted in Chapter 1?
wishful thinking
Open-minded, impartial, non-biased.
fairness
Group bias is a form of egocentrism.
false
Relativism is:
false
The tendency to see one's own group as being inherently better than all others.
group bias
Drawing conclusions about a large group from a small sample.
hasty generalization
Clarity in expression is a sign of _______________.
intelligence
Can distract people from the point but never helps to truly prove the point.
irrelevance
Sound reasoning/valid inferences.
logical correctness
Believing two things that can't be simultaneously true.
logical inconsistency
Critical thinking is:
objective
A sign that one really does not understand the idea one is expressing.
obscurity
Allowing beliefs to be shaped by outside forces such as. (peer pressure)
Conformism
The classic 1950s experiment in which students were asked to match a standard line with three comparison lines in order to test the power of peer pressure was conducted by:
Soloman Asch
Statements are about the way the world is; what makes something true is the way the world is.
relevance
A _________ point restricts itself to the "piece of the world" in question.
relevant
Supporting conclusions because they are in your interest/to your benefit.
self-interested thinking
The following is an example of _______. "This generous pension package benefits me; therefore it's good."
self-interested thinking
The tendency to overrate oneself.
self-serving bias
Group bias is an example of:
sociocentrism
Group centered thinking:
sociocentrism
_______ are generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to all or virtually all members of the group, often without regard to whether such attributions are accurate.
stereotypes
The view that truth is a matter of individual opinion.
subjectivism
_______ is the view that truth is a matter of individual opinion.
subjectivism
