CRJ Exam 2 Review
Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at ________ hours after arrest.
48
Which of the following was most characteristic of the reform era of policing?
A focus on professional crime fighting and solving traditional crimes and away from politics
What is a hung jury?
A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict
Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining?
Almost 95 percent
________ is a crime-analysis and police-management process built on crime mapping that was developed by the New York City Police Department.
CompStat
The defendant exercises choice in the court process in which of the following decisions?
Deciding what plea to enter
________ is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame.
Exculpatory evidence
What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them?
First appearance
Which of the following is a characteristic of a fusion center?
Fusion centers emphasize law enforcement cooperation.
In general, officers killed in the line of duty are most likely to die in which type of incident?
Gunfire
What is the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment?
It extends constitutional protections to state-level criminal justice.
Which of the following is true of the new era of policing?
It is still evolving and involves efforts to deal with threats to the homeland.
________ refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts.
Original jurisdiction
The broken windows model of policing focuses on which element of the police mission?
Preserving the peace
________ is the dominant operational policing strategy and is based on the ideas of Sir Robert Peel and the early London Metropolitan Police.
Preventive Patrol
A neighborhood resource officer asks community residents to clean up trash, remove graffiti, and install better lighting in a local park that is known for extensive drug dealing. This request is characteristic of what type of policing?
Problem-solving
A defendant who is not indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney?
Retained counsel
The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Sixth
Which Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?
The Fourth Amendment
Jake and Mary rent a house together. Officer Smith requests permission to search for drugs. Jake's consents to the search but Mary refuses, because she has illegal drugs hidden in her bedroom. Based on Jake's consent, Officer Smith searches the house over Mary's objection, and finds the drugs. Which of the following is legally correct in the ensuing trial?
The drugs cannot be used at Mary's trial because she did not consent to the search.
Which legal principle states that any evidence that is later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is excluded from trial?
The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
Which of the following statements best describes police involvement in enforcing the law?
The police are expected to support the law.
If the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?
The prosecutor
How are federal district court judges selected?
They are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate.
George has been accused of multiple crimes. Why would the prosecutor want to try George separately on each charge?
Trying charges separately would allow another trial on a new charge if George is found not guilty at a trial.
Which policing style was in use when the Rodney King beating occurred in Los Angeles?
Watchman
When is a probable cause hearing necessary?
When the arrest was made without a warrant
An exigent circumstances search may be conducted in which of the following situations?
When there is clear danger of the destruction of evidence
A trial de novo occurs when ________.
a case is retried on appeal
Probable cause is ________.
a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime
Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________ jurisdiction.
appellate
Mario is a criminal attorney with a private practice. He has been appointed by the court to serve as a defense attorney for an indigent defendant and receives a fee from the court that is set by the state government. Mario is a(n) ________ counsel.
assigned
The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is ________.
beyond a reasonable doubt
A(n) ________ may provide information about the defendant's personality, family life, and business acumen in an effort to show that the defendant is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged.
character witness
A(n) ________ law limits the right to bail for certain kinds of offenders.
danger
The intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death is known as ________.
deadly force
The ________ exception to the exclusionary rule allows police to conduct warrantless searches of a vehicle.
fleeing-targets
An indictment is filed by the ________.
grand jury
The judge ________.
holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law
If a grand jury is not used, the prosecutor files a(n) ________ against the accused.
information
A subpoena ________.
is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court
An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a(n) ________ witness
lay
A police chief instructs officers to write tickets for any motorists who are going at least one mile per hour above the speed limit. This department is most likely operating under the ________ style of policing.
legalistic
A ________ weapon is designed to disable, capture, or immobilize, but not kill, a suspect.
less-lethal
As a patrol officer in an urban police department, Luke is mainly involved in ________ activities.
line
Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as ________.
perjury
Release on recognizance ________.
permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear
Officer Choi is questioning neighborhood residents about a series of burglaries. She knocks on Joe's door and is invited into the house. While in the kitchen, Officer Choi notices a marijuana plant on the windowsill. Officer Choi may legally seize the plant under the ________ doctrine.
plain-view
CAPRA and SARA are examples of the methodology of ________.
police problem solving
A search warrant can only be issued if there is ________.
probable cause
A drug court is an example of a(n) ________.
problem-solving court
According to the reading, fingerprints and tire tracks are specific examples of ________ evidence.
real
Police—community relations (PCR) ________.
recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
A police subculture includes ________.
shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior
Sarah is a police sergeant who is responsible for supervising six patrol officers. This number represents Sarah's ________.
span of control
Officer Markus has just been informed that he is being semi-permanently assigned to a particular neighborhood and is expected to become familiar with the neighborhood, it's residents, and their problems and concerns. This is an example of ________ policing.
team
American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ________.
the adversarial system
According to ________, evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.
the exclusionary rule
The U.S. District Courts are the ________ for the federal court system.
trial courts
The use of physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public.
use of force
