Crops and Society Exam 1
if a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many daughter cells result and what is the chromosome number in each daughter cell?
2 cells, 12 chromosomes each
How many different kinds of amino acids are involved in protein synthesis?
20
How many different kinds of bases are involved in the DNA molecule?
4
How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
4
Which of the following organelles is associated with protein synthesis? Rough ER, ribosomes, or nucleolus?
All of the above
Which of the following is a polysaccharide? Glucose, sucrose, cellulose, lactose, or glycine?
Cellulose
Hereditary information in the cell is carried in...
DNA
The genetic blueprint within cells is:
DNA
Which of the following sugars can be classified as a monosaccharide? Fructose, glucose, or sucrose?
Fructose and glucose
The cell was first described by:
Hooke
Jarmo is a site of early agriculture in:
Iraq
The Tehuacan Valley is an early site of agriculture in
Mexico
The Fertile Crescent as an early site of agriculture in the:
Near East
The Stone Age period that refers to the time after the start of agriculture is the:
Neolithic
Maize was domesticated in what center of origin?
New World
___________ are epidermal modifications of the root tip. They function in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Root hairs
Proteins are large molecules composed of...
amino acids
The element nitrogen is always found in:
amino acids
Flowering plants are also called:
angiosperms
The production of new cells is usually restricted to the ______, found at the tips of roots and shoots.
apical meristem
Mitochandria:
are the sites of cellular respiration
What is produced by the cork cambium?
bark
A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in a cell doubled:
between G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle
The rigid boundary of a plant cell which supports and protects the protoplast is called the:
cell wall
A major chemical component of primary cell walls is:
cellulose
An oranelle found in all green plant cells is the:
chloroplast
The organelle which is the site of photosynthesis is the:
chloroplast
Each half of a doubled chromosome can be called a:
chromatid
Yellow flower petals are likely to have which organelle?
chromoplasts
Identity which of the following crops originated in the New World:
common bean, corn, peanut, white potato
The inner membrane of the mitochondria has numerous infoldings called:
cristae
A central cross of xylem is characteristics of:
dicot roots
Table sugar is a:
disaccharide
A characteristic common to many domesticated crop plants is:
enlarged food-storing organs
A scientist who is interested in studying the use of plants by native peoples is known as a:
ethnobotanist
Which of the following is a cell type that is classified as sclerenchyma?
fiber
What plant cells have been used to make cloth and rope?
fibers
A mycologist studies:
fungi
The most common hexose sugar in living organisms is:
glucose
Sucrose is composed of:
glucose and fructose
The organelle of secretion is the:
golgi aparatus
Water molecules are attached to each other by:
hydrogen bonds
Mitosis results in:
identical cells
Diffusion only occurs:
in the presence of a concentration difference
A cell which is not dividing is said to be in this stage:
interphase
An atom that has gained or lost an electron is known as a(n):
ion
An organelle common in plant cells but not found in animal cells is the:
large central vacuole
The juice of what common vegetable was used for its sedative like properties?
lettuce
Parenchyma cells in a storage root would likely have this organelle:
leucoplasts
Trigylcerides are classified as:
lipids
fats and oils are classified as:
lipids
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during which stage of mitosis?
metaphase
During mitosis the actual separation of chromatids takes place during:
metaphase
Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms? Growth, response, reproduction, movement, or organic composition
movement
The control center that houses the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is the:
nucleus
The cell type most commonly found in the cortex of stems and roots is:
parenchyma
The material which makes up the middle lamella and gives stiffness to fruit jellies is:
pectin
Celery and rhubarb are actually:
petioles
The tissue in plants specialized for transporting food is:
phloem
The vascular tissue which conducts the sugary products of photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant is the:
phloem
Which type of liquid is most important in biological membranes?
phospholipids
Chloroplasts function in:
photosynthesis
What is the most important function of a leaf?
photosynthesis
During telophase, the:
phragmoplast develops
What cellular structure has been described as "sea of lipids with protein icebergs"?
plasma membrane
Cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells are known as:
plasmodesmata
Chemically cellulose is classified as:
polysaccharide
Starch is an example of...
polysaccharide
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus and nucleolus disappear during this stage of mitosis:
prophase
Chromosomes first appear in a dividing cell during:
prophase
The correct order of stages in mitosis is:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
In woody plants, what is the function of cork?
protection
Enzymes are one type of:
protein
The function of nucleolus is:
ribosome synthesis
Salads were a favorite of the ancient Romans as the name for what type of lettuce suggests?
romaine
The plant tissues which provide support and mechanical strength are the:
sclerenchyma and collenchyma
The hardness in the shells of nuts and seeds is due to the presence of which type of cell?
sclerids
The photosynthetic cells in leaves are:
spongy and palisade cells
Leuocoplasts commonly store:
starch
Name a crop domesticated in North America:
sunflowers
Most of our vegetables are the ________ root type.
tap
A carrot is an example of a root system characterized by one main root, that is, a:
tap root
Cytokinesis occurs during which phase of mitosis?
telophase
Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes?
telophase
The protective covering over the epidermis that prevents water loss is:
the cuticle
Sieve tube members would be found in:
the phloem
When a botanist speaks of wood, the anatomical term for wood is:
the xylem
It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because:
they uncoil to form long, thin strands
Which cell does not occur in the phloem?
tracheids
Dendrochronology is concerned with the study of:
tree rings
The formation of secondary xylem is due to the activities of the:
vascular cambium
The xylem cell which conducts water and minerals in flowering plants is a:
vessel element
Which cell types are involved in the conduction of water?
vessel elements and tracheids
What is the main function of xylem?
water transport
In the Near East our first cultivated plants were:
wheat and barley
If three or more leaves arise from the node of a stem, the leaf arrangement is said to be:
whorled