Crops and Society Exam 1

if a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many daughter cells result and what is the chromosome number in each daughter cell?

2 cells, 12 chromosomes each

How many different kinds of amino acids are involved in protein synthesis?

20

How many different kinds of bases are involved in the DNA molecule?

4

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

4

Which of the following organelles is associated with protein synthesis? Rough ER, ribosomes, or nucleolus?

All of the above

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? Glucose, sucrose, cellulose, lactose, or glycine?

Cellulose

Hereditary information in the cell is carried in...

DNA

The genetic blueprint within cells is:

DNA

Which of the following sugars can be classified as a monosaccharide? Fructose, glucose, or sucrose?

Fructose and glucose

The cell was first described by:

Hooke

Jarmo is a site of early agriculture in:

Iraq

The Tehuacan Valley is an early site of agriculture in

Mexico

The Fertile Crescent as an early site of agriculture in the:

Near East

The Stone Age period that refers to the time after the start of agriculture is the:

Neolithic

Maize was domesticated in what center of origin?

New World

___________ are epidermal modifications of the root tip. They function in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Root hairs

Proteins are large molecules composed of...

amino acids

The element nitrogen is always found in:

amino acids

Flowering plants are also called:

angiosperms

The production of new cells is usually restricted to the ______, found at the tips of roots and shoots.

apical meristem

Mitochandria:

are the sites of cellular respiration

What is produced by the cork cambium?

bark

A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in a cell doubled:

between G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle

The rigid boundary of a plant cell which supports and protects the protoplast is called the:

cell wall

A major chemical component of primary cell walls is:

cellulose

An oranelle found in all green plant cells is the:

chloroplast

The organelle which is the site of photosynthesis is the:

chloroplast

Each half of a doubled chromosome can be called a:

chromatid

Yellow flower petals are likely to have which organelle?

chromoplasts

Identity which of the following crops originated in the New World:

common bean, corn, peanut, white potato

The inner membrane of the mitochondria has numerous infoldings called:

cristae

A central cross of xylem is characteristics of:

dicot roots

Table sugar is a:

disaccharide

A characteristic common to many domesticated crop plants is:

enlarged food-storing organs

A scientist who is interested in studying the use of plants by native peoples is known as a:

ethnobotanist

Which of the following is a cell type that is classified as sclerenchyma?

fiber

What plant cells have been used to make cloth and rope?

fibers

A mycologist studies:

fungi

The most common hexose sugar in living organisms is:

glucose

Sucrose is composed of:

glucose and fructose

The organelle of secretion is the:

golgi aparatus

Water molecules are attached to each other by:

hydrogen bonds

Mitosis results in:

identical cells

Diffusion only occurs:

in the presence of a concentration difference

A cell which is not dividing is said to be in this stage:

interphase

An atom that has gained or lost an electron is known as a(n):

ion

An organelle common in plant cells but not found in animal cells is the:

large central vacuole

The juice of what common vegetable was used for its sedative like properties?

lettuce

Parenchyma cells in a storage root would likely have this organelle:

leucoplasts

Trigylcerides are classified as:

lipids

fats and oils are classified as:

lipids

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during which stage of mitosis?

metaphase

During mitosis the actual separation of chromatids takes place during:

metaphase

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms? Growth, response, reproduction, movement, or organic composition

movement

The control center that houses the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell is the:

nucleus

The cell type most commonly found in the cortex of stems and roots is:

parenchyma

The material which makes up the middle lamella and gives stiffness to fruit jellies is:

pectin

Celery and rhubarb are actually:

petioles

The tissue in plants specialized for transporting food is:

phloem

The vascular tissue which conducts the sugary products of photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant is the:

phloem

Which type of liquid is most important in biological membranes?

phospholipids

Chloroplasts function in:

photosynthesis

What is the most important function of a leaf?

photosynthesis

During telophase, the:

phragmoplast develops

What cellular structure has been described as "sea of lipids with protein icebergs"?

plasma membrane

Cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells are known as:

plasmodesmata

Chemically cellulose is classified as:

polysaccharide

Starch is an example of...

polysaccharide

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus and nucleolus disappear during this stage of mitosis:

prophase

Chromosomes first appear in a dividing cell during:

prophase

The correct order of stages in mitosis is:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

In woody plants, what is the function of cork?

protection

Enzymes are one type of:

protein

The function of nucleolus is:

ribosome synthesis

Salads were a favorite of the ancient Romans as the name for what type of lettuce suggests?

romaine

The plant tissues which provide support and mechanical strength are the:

sclerenchyma and collenchyma

The hardness in the shells of nuts and seeds is due to the presence of which type of cell?

sclerids

The photosynthetic cells in leaves are:

spongy and palisade cells

Leuocoplasts commonly store:

starch

Name a crop domesticated in North America:

sunflowers

Most of our vegetables are the ________ root type.

tap

A carrot is an example of a root system characterized by one main root, that is, a:

tap root

Cytokinesis occurs during which phase of mitosis?

telophase

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes?

telophase

The protective covering over the epidermis that prevents water loss is:

the cuticle

Sieve tube members would be found in:

the phloem

When a botanist speaks of wood, the anatomical term for wood is:

the xylem

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because:

they uncoil to form long, thin strands

Which cell does not occur in the phloem?

tracheids

Dendrochronology is concerned with the study of:

tree rings

The formation of secondary xylem is due to the activities of the:

vascular cambium

The xylem cell which conducts water and minerals in flowering plants is a:

vessel element

Which cell types are involved in the conduction of water?

vessel elements and tracheids

What is the main function of xylem?

water transport

In the Near East our first cultivated plants were:

wheat and barley

If three or more leaves arise from the node of a stem, the leaf arrangement is said to be:

whorled