CS 115: Computers and Applications

The capacity of the standard DVD disc is

4.7 GB

Drivers

A driver, or device driver, is a set of files that tells a piece of hardware how to function by communicating with a computer's operating system. All pieces of hardware require a driver, from your internal computer components, such as your graphics card, to your external peripherals, like a printer

cloud storage

A online storage that is accessed via the internet - cloud applications - online storage sites - growing in importance because more and more applications are Web-based - increasingly used for backup purposes - files can be synched between PC and cloud storage - Many online storage sites offer some free storage - Business cloud storage is available; businesses can also create private clouds

File management

A program on a computer that allows the user to create, edit, view, print, rename, copy, or delete files, folders, or an entire file system

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange is the coding system traditionally used with computers - commonly uses 8 bits

ribbon

Arrived with Microsoft Office 2007 - commands are organized into groups located on tabs - contextual tabs appear on the ribbon as needed and contain special commands

The________ numbering system is used by computers to preform mathematical computations

Binary

An electronic path within a computer over which data travels is called an

Bus

In the e-mail address [email protected], abc.com is the ___________

Domain name

pixels

Graphics data (images) consist of bitmapped images made up of a grid of small dots called

Of the following three options, the storage media that would likely hold the most data is? HDD USB flash drive SSD

HDD

Which of the following was not a first generation computer?

IBM PC

Which type of memory is erased when the power goes out?

RAM

PowerPoint basics

limited text, 1 thought/argument per slide, turning visuals off when not in use, high quality images, citing images when necessary

Biometric readers

used to input biometric data such as an individual's fingerprint or voice - can be stand-alone readers or built into another piece of hardware - most often used for access control, to authorize electronic payments, and to log on to secure Web sites

Binary numbering system

uses only two symbols (1 and) to represent all possible numbers - The numbering system computers use

CPU

Central Processing Unit - does the vast majority of processing for a computer - called microprocessor when talking about personal computers - typically designed for a specfic type of computer - desktops, servers, some notebook PCs use Intel or Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) processors - portable computers and mobile devices often use Intel or AMD mobile processors or an ARM processor instead

All information published to Web pages is accurate. True or False

False

SSDs are subject to mechanical failures just like magnetic hard drives True or False

False

The CPU can also be called the motherboard True or False

False

ISP

Internet Service Provider - connect to regional networks, which connect to backbone networks, which connect to form the internet

byte

Is equal to eight bits. - terminology used to express the size of documents and other files, programs, etc. - prefixes: KB, MB, TB, PB, etc.

keyboard shortcuts

Key combinations are faster ways of issuing commands

MICR

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is used primarily for banking to facilitate check processing - used by banks _ used by businesses to remotely deposit checks - individuals typically use ATMs or mobile deposit instead

NFC

Near Field Communication is a short range wireless communication standard based on RFID - used to transfer information between smartphones or between a smartphone and an NFC-enable reader - Used for contactless mobile payments

OCR

Optical Character Recognition recognizes text characters ad converts them to electronic form as text, not images - read by OCR readers - Used to process turnaround documents like monthly bills - Identifies each character and convert it to editable text - Optical characters are designed to be read by OCR devices but can still be read by humans

Optical drives

Optical discs are read by this - must support the type of optical disc being used - almost always backward-compatible - recording data onto a optical disc is called burning; requires burning software - can be internal or external

Speakers are an example of a(n) _____________ device.

Output

printers

Output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency (laser, inkjet, 3D)

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification is a technology that stores, reads, an transmits data located in RFID tags - RFID tags contain tiny chips and radio antennas - can be attached to objects - read by RFID readers

RAM

Random Access Memory is the computer's main memory or system memory - stores essential parts of operating system, programs, and data the computer is currently using - consists of electronic circuits etched onto chips

ROM

Read Only Memory consists of non-volatile chips located on the motherboard into which data or programs have been permanently stored - retrieved by the computer when needed - being replaced with flash memory

The most common type of flash memory card today is the _________ card

SD

cloud software

Software that is delivered on demand via the Web. - also called software as a service (SaaS), Web-bases software, and cloud ware - includes free software and free-based software Advantage: - ease of implementation - files can be accessed from any computer or device with internet connection - improves collaboration and interface capabilities - always working with the most current version of software Disadvantage: - online applications tend to run more slowly - cannot be used during a server outage or without internet access

SSD

Solid State Drive uses flash memory technology to store data - uses less power and has no moving parts - much faster than magnetic hard drives, but more expensive - the norm for notebooks, mobile devices, and other portable devices

storage medium

Storage system, consists of a storage medium and a storage device. Storage medium is the hardware where data is stored - DVD disc, flash memory card, etc.

3D printers typically form output in layers with a process known as __________ manufacturing.

additive

A DVD-RW disc can be written to and rewritten to True or False

True

MP3 files are stored using 0s and 1s. True or False

True

Microsoft Windows is an example of an operating system. True or False

True

URL

Uniform Resource Locator uniquely identifies a Web Page - indicates protocol or standard being used such as - http:// for web pages - https:// for secure web pages - ftp:// for some file transfer - web server hosting the page - the names of the folders in which the Web page file is stored - Web page's filename

USB

Universal Serial Bus connects device to computer - 127 different devices that can connect via single USB port - Extremely versatile

Index.html is an example of a(n)

Web page filename

Title

a name or words used to describe something or someone. For example, an Internet browser displays each web page's title at the top of the window in the title bar or tab.

Optical discs

are thin circular plastic discs - are read from and written using laser beams - are commonly used for software delivery - divided into sectors like magnetic discs but use a single spiral track - Have a relatively large capacity and are durable - Used for backup purposes and for storing and transporting music, photos, video, etc.

Formatting

changes the appearance of the document - font face, font size, font style, etc. - line spacing or margins - Page numbers - Shading or boarders to paragraph, image or other item

processor

consists of circuitry and components packaged together and connected directly to the motherboard

Flash memory

consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage - have begun to replace ROM for storing system information (BIOS) - Stores firmware for personal computers and other devices - Built into many types of devices (tablets, smartphones, and digital cameras) for user storage - Built into some storage devices (solid-state hard drives, USB flash Drives, etc.)

embedded computer

designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the product in which it is embedded - household appliances - thermostats - sewing machines - treadmills - cars - answering machines

speech recognition systems

enable the device being used to recognize voice input as spoken words - can be used for dictation as well to as to tissue commands to the device. Incorporated into smartphones, GPS systems, and other mobile devices

software license

gives you the right to use a software program - specifies the conditions under which the software can be used - also called an end user license agreement (EULA) - often terms of use instead for mobile apps

Machine language

is a binary-based language for representing computer programs the computer can execute directly - early programs were written in this language - today's computers allow programs to be written in a programming language, which is then translated by the computer into this language in order to be understood by the computer

motherboard

is a circuit board consisting of computer chips, also called integrated circuits (ICs) - All devices connect via a wired or wireless connection to the _________

computer network

is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together - can share hardware, software and data - communicate with each other - share internet connection - can easily connect to a computer network (mobile and computer devices) - home networks, school networks, small/large businesses, public wireless, etc.

port

is a connector on the exterior of a computer's system unit to which a device may be attached - typical desktop computer ports HDMI to connect a monitor - Network ports connect a device to a wired network - USB ports connect USB devices; can be USB-C - Others include IrDA and Bluetooth ports, flash memory card slots, audio ports, eSATA, and thunderbolt ports - Most computers support the Plug and Play standard -USB and Thunderbolt devices are hot-swappable

domain name

is a name (such as microsoft.com) that corresponds to an IP address - top-level domain (TLD) is the far right part of the name and identifies the type of the organization or its location

IP address

is a numeric address that identifies computers -Example: 134.170.185.46

computer

is a programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores data. - its instructions, called programs, determine the tasks the computer will perform.

Cache memory

is a special group of very fast circuitry usually built into the CPU (internal cache memory) - more ______ memory typically means faster processing - level numbers indicate the order in which the various levels of cache are accessed by the CPU - Level ! is fastest, then level 2, then level 3

bus

is an electronic path over which data can travel - found inside the CPU and on the motherboard - Bus width is the number of wires in the bus over which data can travel

information

is data that has been processed into a meaningful form - information processing is the conversion of data into information

slide

is one page presentation graphic that can contain images, text, video, and more

bit

is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize ( a single 1 or 10)

A voice input system typically requires software and ________ in order to input voice data or commands into a computer

microphone

server

midrange computer used to host programs and data for a small network. - users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal

Another way to say "one trillion bytes" is

one terabyte

Application software

perform specific tasks or applications - creating letters, budgets, etc. - managing inventory and customer databases - editing photographs - scheduling appointments - viewing web pages - exchanging e-mails - burning DVDs - designing homes - entertainment - writing computer programs and creating webpages

software

program or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do. - operating system - boots - graphical objects - windows

Memory

refers to chip-based storage or locations that a computer uses to store data on a temporary basis - volatile: memory connect is erased when the device is shut off - Non-volatile: memory content is retained when the device is shut off

hard drive

stores most programs and data for a personal computer - can be internal or external - available with built-in encryption that limits access to only authorized users

multimedia

technically refers to any application that contains more than one type of media - often used to refer to audio or video content

hardware

the physical parts of a computer -Internal and external

IPOS cycle

the series of input, process, output, and storage activities that the computer performs