CS 206 Database Design Midterm

disjointedness constraint

A ________ addresses whether an instance of a supertype may simultaneously be a member of two or more subtypes.

extent.

A contiguous section of disk storage space is called a(n):

Second

A relation that contains no multivalued attributes and has nonkey attributes solely dependent on the primary key but contains transitive dependencies is in which normal form?

unary

A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called a ________ relationship.

mandatory one

A relationship where the minimum and maximum cardinality are both one is a(n) ________ relationship.

workgroup.

A relatively small team of people who collaborate on the same project is called a:

normalized relations.

A requirement to begin designing physical files and databases is:

constraint.

A rule that CANNOT be violated by database users is called a:

referential integrity constraint.

A rule that states that each foreign key value must match a primary key value in the other relation is called the:

ternary

A simultaneous relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a ________ relationship.

relation.

A two-dimensional table of data sometimes is called a:

more one-to-one relationships give the data model more flexibility.

All of the following are advantages of packaged data models EXCEPT:

a one-to-many relationship.

All of the following are common denormalization opportunities EXCEPT:

multivalued partitioning.

All of the following are horizontal partitioning methods in Oracle EXCEPT:

use a lot of storage space.

All of the following are objectives when selecting a data type EXCEPT:

providing an integrated development environment.

All of the following are primary purposes of a database management system (DBMS) EXCEPT:

processing logic.

All of the following are properties of metadata EXCEPT:

utilize all business rules that come with the packaged data model.

All of the following are steps to using a packaged data model EXCEPT:

maximize storage space.

All of the following are the main goals of normalization EXCEPT:

boolean.

All of the following are valid datatypes in Oracle 11g EXCEPT:

efficiency.

An advantage of partitioning is:

alias.

An alternative name for an attribute is called a(n):

Blob.

An appropriate datatype for adding a sound clip would be:

Char.

An appropriate datatype for one wanting a fixed-length type for last name would include:

unplanned duplicate data files are the rule rather than the exception.

Because applications are often developed independently in file processing systems:

managing employees.

Business policies and rules govern all of the following EXCEPT:

entities.

Customers, cars, and parts are examples of:

tables.

Data is represented in the form of:

data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components.

Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because:

metadata.

Data that describe the properties of other data are:

transaction volumes.

Database access frequencies are estimated from:

A department can have more than one employee.

For the relationship represented in the figure below, which of the following is true?

Define one vehicle entity type to hold all entities.

Given the following entities, which of the choices below would be the most complicated? Automobile: VIN, EngineSize, NumberOfDoors, NumberOfPassengers, FuelType, TransmissionSUV: VIN, EngineSize, NumberOfPassengers, NoWheelDrive, FuelType, TransmissionTruck: VIN, EngineSize, NoWheelDrive, FuelType, Transmission, Payload

when different categories of a table's rows are processed separately.

Horizontal partitioning makes sense:

application programs.

In a file processing environment, descriptions for data and the logic for accessing the data are built into:

synonyms.

Two or more attributes having different names but the same meaning are called:

business rule

A ________ defines or constrains some aspect of the business.

cardinality constraint

A ________ specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with each instance of another entity.

the key must indicate the row's position in the table.

A candidate key must satisfy all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

repository.

A centralized knowledge base of all data definitions, data relationships, screen and report formats, and other system components is called a(n):

explain plan

A command used in Oracle to display how the query optimizer intends to access indexes, use parallel servers and join tables to prepare query results is the:

functional dependency.

A constraint between two attributes is called a(n):

logically

A database is an organized collection of ________ related data.

data type.

A detailed coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data is called a(n):

extra space and update time.

A disadvantage of partitioning is:

integrity constraints.

A domain definition consists of all of the following components EXCEPT:

terms.

A fact is an association between two or more:

efficient storage.

A factor to consider when choosing a file organization is:

hash index table.

A file organization that uses hashing to map a key into a location in an index where there is a pointer to the actual data record matching the hash key is called a:

heap file organization.

A file organization where files are not stored in any particular order is considered a:

logical specifications.

A form of database specification which maps conceptual requirements is called:

data replication.

A form of denormalization where the same data are purposely stored in multiple places in the database is called:

transitive dependency.

A functional dependency between two or more nonkey attributes is called a:

partial functional

A functional dependency in which one or more nonkey attributes are functionally dependent on part, but not all, of the primary key is called a ________ dependency.

universal data model.

A generic or template data model that can be reused as a starting point for a data modeling project is called a(n):

who can delete the data.

A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data object EXCEPT:

data profiling.

A good method for identifying inconsistencies and finding hidden meaning in the customized purchased data model is:

data model.

A graphical system used to capture the nature and relationships among data is called a(n):

selecting structures.

A key decision in the physical design process is:

repository.

A knowledge base of information or facts about an enterprise is called a(n):

track missing data with special reports.

A method for handling missing data is to:

parallel query processing.

A method that speeds query processing by running a query at the same time against several partitions of a table using multiprocessors is called:

clustering.

A method to allow adjacent secondary memory space to contain rows from several tables is called:

an entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships.

A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which:

descriptor.

A nonkey attribute is also called a(n):

attributes.

A person's name, birthday, and social security number are all examples of:

entity.

A person, place, object, event, or concept about which the organization wishes to maintain data is called a(n):

composite key.

A primary key that consists of more than one attribute is called a:

enterprise key.

A primary key whose value is unique across all relations is called a(n):

attribute.

A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organization is called a(n):

well-structured.

A relation that contains minimal redundancy and allows easy use is considered to be:

many-to-many

A student can attend five classes, each with a different professor. Each professor has 30 students. The relationship of students to professors is a ________ relationship.

a logical description of some portion of the database.

A user view is:

time stamp.

A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a:

server.

A workgroup database is stored on a central device called a:

completeness

A(n) ________ constraint is a type of constraint that addresses whether an instance of a supertype must also be an instance of at least one subtype.

pointer

A(n) ________ is a field of data used to locate a related field or record. key

hashing algorithm

A(n) ________ is a routine that converts a primary key value into a relative record number.

file organization

A(n) ________ is a technique for physically arranging the records of a file on secondary storage devices.

user view

A(n) ________ is often developed by identifying a form or report that a user needs on a regular basis.

identifying relationship

A(n) ________ is the relationship between a weak entity type and its owner.

primary key.

An attribute (or attributes) that uniquely identifies each row in a relation is called a:

foreign key.

An attribute in a relation of a database that serves as the primary key of another relation in the same database is called a:

required attribute.

An attribute of an entity that must have a value for each entity instance is a(n):

subtype discriminator.

An attribute of the supertype that determines the target subtype(s) is called the:

composite

An attribute that can be broken down into smaller parts is called a(n) ________ attribute.

derived

An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called a ________ attribute.

homonym.

An attribute that may have more than one meaning is called a(n):

required attribute.

An attribute that must have a value for every entity (or relationship) instance is a(n):

composite identifier.

An attribute that uniquely identifies an entity and consists of a composite attribute is called a(n):

combining a strong entity and its weak entities.

An entity cluster can be formed by:

a set of one or more entity types and associated relationships grouped into a single abstract entity type.

An entity cluster is:

as short as possible.

An entity type name should be all of the following EXCEPT:

weak

An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a ________ entity.

join index.

An index on columns from two or more tables that come from the same domain of values is called a: bitmap index.

range control.

An integrity control supported by a DBMS is:

RAD.

An iterative methodology that rapidly repeats the analysis, design, and implementation phases of the SDLC is called:

enterprise data modeling

Database development begins with ________, which establishes the range and general contents of organizational databases.

descriptions

Designing physical files requires ________ of where and when data are used in various ways.

horizontal partitioning.

Distributing the rows of data into separate files is called:

1970s.

E. F. Codd developed the relational model in the:

only one supertype.

In a supertype/subtype hierarchy, each subtype has:

supertypes

In a supertype/subtype hierarchy, subtypes that are lower in the hierarchy inherit attributes from not only their immediate supertype but from all ________ in the hierarchy.

two

In an E-R diagram, there are/is ________ business rule(s) for every relationship.

efficient data processing

In most cases, the goal of ________ dominates the design process.

total specialization; overlap

In packaged data models, all subtype/supertype relationships follow the ________ and ________ rules.

M:N relationships

In packaged data models, strong entities always have ________ between them.

create table

In the SQL language, the ________ statement is used to make table definitions.

Candidate

In the figure below, Customer_ID in the CUSTOMER Table is which type of key?

must be a graduate student, an undergraduate, a special student or some other type of student.

In the figure below, a student:

disjoint

In the figure below, the patient must be either an outpatient or a resident patient. This is an example of the ________ rule.

Composite

In the figure below, the primary key for "Order Line" is which type of key?

Vehicle

In the figure below, to which of the following entities are the entities "CAR" and "TRUCK" generalized?

An associative entity

In the figure below, what is depicted?

Recursive foreign

In the figure below, what type of key is depicted?

One-to-many

In the figure below, what type of relationship do the relations depict?

Strong entity/weak entity

In the figure below, what type of relationship do the relations depict?

Years_Employed

In the figure below, which attribute is derived?

Skill

In the figure below, which attribute is multi-valued?

Patient_Name

In the figure below, which of the following apply to both OUTPATIENTs and RESIDENT_PATIENTs?

Outpatient

In the figure below, which of the following is a subtype of patient?

Each vendor can supply many parts to any number of warehouses, but need not supply any parts.

In the figure shown below, which of the following business rules would apply?

A person can marry at most one person.

In the figure shown below, which of the following is true?

Ternary

In the following diagram, what type of relationship is depicted?

Each employee can supervise one employee, no employees or many employees.

In the following diagram, which answer is true?

It depicts a many-to-many relationship.

In the following diagram, which is true?

Each patient has one or more patient histories.

In the following diagram, which of the answers below is true?

Physical

In which data model would a code table appear?

Hashed

In which type of file is multiple key retrieval not possible?

user interface.

Languages, menus, and other facilities by which users interact with the database are collectively called a(n):

legacy

Older systems that often contain data of poor quality are called ________ systems.

secondary key.

One field or combination of fields for which more than one record may have the same combination of values is called a(n):

prototyping.

One of the most popular RAD methods is:

80 percent

Organizations that utilize the file processing approach spend as much as ________ of their IS development budget on maintenance.

design

Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ________ phase.

require customization.

Packaged data models:

file descriptions being stored in each database application.

Program-data dependence is caused by:

A component is always used in only one item.

Referring to the figure below, which of the following is NOT true?

relation.

Relational databases establish the relationships between entities by means of common fields included in a file called a(n):

checking to see if missing data will greatly impact results.

Sensitivity testing involves:

there are attributes that apply to some but not all instances of an entity type.

Subtypes should be used when:

implementation

The SDLC phase in which database processing programs are created is the ________ phase.

analysis

The SDLC phase in which every data attribute is defined, every category of data is listed and every business relationship between data entities is defined is called the ________ phase.

analysis

The SDLC phase in which the detailed conceptual data model is created is the ________ phase.

disjoint

The ________ rule specifies that an entity can be a member of only one subtype at a time.

partial specialization

The ________ rule specifies that an entity instance of a supertype is allowed not to belong to any subtype.

total specialization

The ________ rule specifies that each entity instance of the supertype must be a member of some subtype in the relationship.

overlap

The ________ rule states that an entity instance can simultaneously be a member of two (or more) subtypes.

entity integrity rule

The ________ states that no primary key attribute may be null.

determinant.

The attribute on the left-hand side of the arrow in a functional dependency is the:

no primary key attribute can be null.

The entity integrity rule states that:

entity cluster.

The figure below is an example of a(n):

Ternary

The figure below is an example of mapping which type of relationship?

subtype discriminator.

The following diagram shows:

total specialization.

The following figure is an example of:

partial specialization.

The following figure is an example of: (ONE LINE UNDER ROOM)

supertype/subtype hierarchy.

The following figure shows a:

a composite attribute.

The following figure shows an example of:

a strong entity and its associated weak entity.

The following figure shows an example of:

the overlap rule.

The following figure shows an example of:

entity-relationship model.

The logical representation of an organization's data is called a(n):

failure to implement a strong database administration function.

The most common source of database failures in organizations is:

strong entities.

The most common types of entities are:

determining the business rules that will be established through the data model.

The most important challenge of customizing a purchased data model is:

Organizational conflict

The need for consensus on data definitions is an example of which type of risk in the database environment?

merge

The need to ________ relations commonly occurs when different views need to be integrated.

fourth normal form.

The normal form which deals with multivalued dependencies is called:

Boyce-Codd normal form.

The normal form which removes any remaining functional dependencies because there was more than one primary key for the same nonkeys is called:

one.

The number of entity types that participate in a Unary relationship is:

degree.

The number of entity types that participate in a relationship is called the:

1960s.

The period that can be considered a "proof of concept" time was the:

generalization.

The process of defining a more general entity type from a set of more specialized entity types is called:

specialization.

The process of defining one or more subtypes of a supertype and forming relationships is called:

attribute inheritance.

The property by which subtype entities possess the values of all attributes of a supertype is called:

field.

The smallest unit of application data recognized by system software is a:

data integrity

The storage format for each attribute from the logical data model is chosen to maximize ________ and minimize storage space.

Part_Type.

The subtype discriminator in the figure below is:

overlap rule.

The subtype discriminator is a composite attribute when there is a(n):

map data to be used from package to data in current databases.

The third step in the data modeling process with a packaged data model is:

derived

The total quiz points for a student for an entire semester is a(n) ________ attribute.

Systems Development Life Cycle.

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain and replace information systems is called the:

default value.

The value a field will assume unless the user enters an explicit value for an instance of that field is called a:

one must be able to check the output of a CASE tool.

Understanding the steps involved in transforming EER diagrams into relations is important because:

essential components and structures are already defined.

Using a packaged data model, projects take less time and cost because:

create two new relations, one containing the multivalued attribute.

When a regular entity type contains a multivalued attribute, one must:

first normal form.

When all multivalued attributes have been removed from a relation, it is said to be in:

entities.

When identifying the parts of the packaged data model that apply to your organization, one should first start with:

No two rows in a relation are identical.

Which of the following are properties of relations?

Choose an identifier that doesn't have large composite attributes.

Which of the following criteria should be considered when selecting an identifier?

Inconsistent

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good business rule?

Improved responsiveness

Which of the following is NOT a cost and/or risk of the database approach?

Relates to a technical characteristic of the system

Which of the following is NOT a good characteristic of a data name?

Sample data can reverse database implementation errors.

Which of the following is NOT a reason to create an instance of a relational schema with sample data?

Redundant data

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of database systems?

The desire to require programmers to write all file handling functionality

Which of the following is NOT an objective that drove the development and evolution of database technology?

Total specialization

Which of the following is a completeness constraint?

Supertype

Which of the following is a generic entity type that has a relationship with one or more subtypes?

Strong

Which of the following is an entity that exists independently of other entity types?

Improve data integrity

Which of the following is an objective of selecting a data type?

Database management system (DBMS)

Which of the following is software used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to databases?

Relationships are connected to the highest-level entity type in an order that makes sense.

Which of the following is true of packaged data models?

A rental unit can be an apartment, a house or just a rental unit. It could be both an apartment and a house at the same time.

Which of the following statements is true about the figure shown below?

A rental unit can be an apartment, house or just a rental unit; it may not be more than one at the same time.

Which of the following statements is true about the figure shown below?

A rental unit must be either an apartment or a house, and cannot be both at the same time.

Which of the following statements is true about the figure shown below?

A rental unit must be either an apartment or a house, and could be both.

Which of the following statements is true about the figure shown below?

Sam Hinz

Which of the following violates the atomic property of relations?

Database Administration

Which organizational function should set database standards?

All attributes of graduate are inherited by person.

Which statement is true about the following diagram?

Hashed

Which type of file is easiest to update?

Sequential

Which type of file is most efficient with storage space?

operating system.

While Oracle has responsibility for managing data inside a tablespace, the tablespace as a whole is managed by the:

repository.

With the database approach, data descriptions are stored in a central location known as a:

tablespace.

Within Oracle, the named set of storage elements in which physical files for database tables may be stored is called a(n):

Systems analysts

________ analyze the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business.

Modification

________ are anomalies that can be caused by editing data in tables.

Relationships

________ are established between entities in a well-structured database so that the desired information can be retrieved.

Physical

________ database specification indicates all the parameters for data storage that are then input to database implementation.

Data integrity

________ is a component of the relational data model included to specify business rules to maintain the integrity of data when they are manipulated.

Structured query language

________ is a tool even non-programmers can use to access information from a database.

Vertical

________ partitioning distributes the columns of a table into several separate physical records.

Deletion

________ problems are encountered when removing data with transitive dependencies.

associative entity.

associative entity.