CSI Final Exam

What must the CSI do if they find something new while searching, collecting, or analyzing the scene?

"Go Back" in steps

Define in-situ

"as is" or as found

3 parts to the evidence linkage triangle

1. scene 2. suspect 3. victim

What is the visible spectrum of light (in nanometers)?

380-740 nm

What method is used to compare/analyze fingerprints in lab by fingerprint examinator

ACE-V

List two of the post mortem changes that can assist with establishing time of death

Algor Mortis Decomposition

Explain the difference between the area approach and the functional approach to processing:

Area - a small group of people do all the tasks/ processing for a given area Functional - a leader designated groups of people to different sections to do the work

The text mentions 4 "primary mechanisms" of injury which are of immediate interest to the CSI when understanding injuries to victims

Asphyxial trauma, sharp force trauma, blunt force trauma, gunshot trauma

6 basic steps to accomplish the end goal of Crime Scene Processing

Assessing Observing Documenting Searching Collecting Analyzing

A ______ is expelled from the firearm

Bullet

5 search patterns recommended for Crime Scene Searching:

Circle or spiral Strip and Line Grid Zone Point-to-point

Blood stain patters are

Class Characteristics

List the two types of characteristics for physical evidence:

Class and Individual

What is the most important tool for the CSI?

Clean White Light

7 steps of event analysis - reconstructing entire events:

Collect data, establish likely events, establish actions/events segments from the data available

8 things to note in the 8-step descriptive set

Colour, Quantity, size, location, identifying features, construction of item, item description

Who must be signed into the crime scene once official perimeter is established and scene security log is going

Commanding Officer Prosecutor responsible for jurisdiction Asst. Medical Examiner

The 4 key elements (Photos/Video, Notes, Sketch, Report) ___________________ one another.

Compliment

2 venues in which crime scene analysis is accomplished

Crime lab, application of crime scene analysis

Two types of reasoning involved in crime scene analysis and reconstruction

Deductive and inductive

Once the "tempo" of the initial response slows, list the tasks for the IRO

Document initial information, logs, notes, enhance security

_______ care always takes precedence over evidence preservation

Emergency

What is the basis of Locard's Principle of Exchange Theory:

Every contact leaves a trace

Examples of what might be included in the "Additional Examinations" section of the final report.

Evident fire patters, trajectory analysis in shooting scenes, bloodstain pattern analysis in violent scenes, electrostatic lifter examination for footwear, specialized chemical enhancements and their results

True/False - When investigating an arson scene, the proper methodology is to first investigate the cause, and then establish the origin.

False

True/False: A forensic quality photograph of an impression with a scale is not an acceptable means of collection, as you must have the actual impression or lift

False

True/False: A projectile can be matched to a casing

False

True/False: There is only one way to process a crime scene

False

True/False: When speaking about the "zones of possibility" on a shooting scene, Zone 3 is the "most probable" area

False

True/False: Witnesses or involved parties should be allowed to congregate together while waiting to be interviewed

False

True/False: You do not need to document rooms in the crime scene which do not play a role in the incident

False

True/False: you should always use man-made landmarks (streets, property edges, hedges) for establishing perimeters

False

True/False: the proper order of collecting fingerprint evidence is: photograph, develop, sketch on lift card, lift:

False: Develop, Sketch on lift card, photograph, lift

methods for developing prints mentioned in the text

Glue Fuming Brush powder SPR Cyanoacrylate Gel lift Ninhydrin Coomasie Blue Wet Wop

Types of Trace Evidence

Hair/Fibers, glass

Three Firearm categories

Handguns, Rifles, shotguns

As CSI we should be concerned with biohazard risks of HIV/AIDS and ______________________, and there are 3 types of this blood borne disease.

Hepatitis

What are the two basic angles that the CSI should measure once they have set up the trajectory rod into the bullet defect?

Horizontal (angle of departure) Vertical (angle of elevation)

2 principles relating to friction ridge skin (palms of hands or soles of feet)

Individual - all prints are unique Permanence - development of prints happen within 3m of gestation and are permanent (without damage)

Three area of ballistics evidence studies:

Internal Ballistics, Terminal Ballistics, External Ballistics

In what section of your crime scene report would you add who worked on the crime scene?

Introduction

9 suggested sections of crime scene report.

Introduction, characteristics of the scene, conditions of the scene, environmental conditions, factors pertinent to entry and exit, scene documentation, collection of physical evidence, search for latent prints, additional examination

what are scene prints compared to at the lab

Known or "record" prints

Forms or types of prints that might be found on a crime scene

Latent Patent Plastic

The three basic forms of fingerprints

Latent, Patent, Plastic

If the goal of Crime Scene Investigation is truth, than how the truth plays out should be of:

Little Consequence

List 3 of the possible parties or entities who may work a mass casualty scene together:

Local FBI, ME, HAZMAT

types of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for CSI's:

Masks, Shoe Boots, Gloves, Suits

Are checklists the best practice for CSIs? Explain

No because sometimes you will need to go back in steps if something else/new is found

4 key elements or types of crime scene documentation

Notes Photographs/video Sketches Reports

Evaluating _________ evidence for context and interrelationships = analysis

Objective

3 basic types of crime scene photographs

Overall evidence establishing evidence close-up/forensic quality

Choose the three elements which must be present fore a fire to burn

Oxygen, Heat, Fuel

Name 1 of the principles which are applied to come up with the area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis

Pattern diversity principle: Directional angle + impact angle

What type of bullet injury enters but does not exit the body

Penetrating

What is the document a photographer can use to help with the "confusion problem" by providing reference information about photographs?

Photo Log

How does one document trajectory analysis?

Photographs Sketches Notes

3 aspects of a photography and the camera that the CSI MUST control

Physical Control Light Focus and depth of field

Why do we take 2 sets of overall photographs? What is added in for the 2nd set?

Place Cards

During body processing of a victim of a homicide, what should the CSI do to protect the hands and/or feet of the victim?

Place them in paper bags

The theory of blood pattern analysis is based on this: Blood, as a fluid, responds to variations of internal and external forces in a _______ fashion

Predictable

Determining factors in defining the "primary scene"

Primary focal points

What is the documentation technique called that photographers use to document discrete patterns or defects (bloodstain evidence or trajectory evidence)?

Roadmapping

Specifically, who should collect evidence from the victim in a sexual assault investigation

SANE Nurse

What method do we use for crime scene analysis and reconstruction

Scientific method

Possible sources of soil evidence

Shoe, tire

crime prevention is the actions and effects to keep crime from occurring. It is not only a police problem, but a _________ problem

Societal

Sources of nucleated DNA

Spittle, bone, tissue, blood, urine, feces, semen, nasal/ear secretions

what is the difference between these two types of sharp force trauma, incised would and a stab wound

Stab wound is deeper than it is long Incised wound is longer than it is deep

What step of the US Army Criminal Investigation command model do we take manual measurements?

Step 7 - Sketch

IRO's set the stage for _____ processing of the crime scene by bringing control to what is usually a chaotic situation

Successful

There are two types of evidence

Testimonial and physical

What makes fire or arson scenes more dangerous for CSIs? List two things:

The unstable structure around them, Lighting/electrocution, inhalation risks

The justice system must consider the needs of what three entities?

The victim, society, and the suspect

Why is it suggested to have a format with specific sections to your final report?

To break the report into functional paragraphs that deal with specific issues and aspects of the scene

What is the purpose of overall photographs?

To distinguish orientation - left from right or up and down To orient the viewer by tying visible landmarks into the photo To show the overall condition of the scene in situ

Why must we include failed attempts in our documentation of crime scene processing?

To ensure CSIs are not being accused of failure to act (which can confuse the jury during trials)

True/False - Documentation is the most critical element of processing

True

True/False - It is best to have a PIO (Public Information Officer) deal with the media, if a department has one.

True

True/False - Once on scene, the CSI should reassess the scene boundary to ensure all areas of concern are secured.

True

True/False: Reflected light is what defines the color we can visualize

True

True/False: The three types of scene integrity issues are: Addition/Destruction/Movement of Evidence

True

True/False: Use of a hole-centering guide/cone is best practice when conducting trajectory analysis

True

The three basic ridge patterns in fingerprint analysis

Whorls, Loops, Arch

What question should the photographer ask themselves before every photo?

Why am I taking this photo and what is it I want to show?

An ______ discharge is when the weapon malfunctions with no direct effort of pulling the trigger

accidental

When speaking about superposition as a principle of crime scene analysis, it is based upon what field of study

archeololgy

A _______ is the tubular part of a firearm that directs the path

barrel

True/False- Bloodstain pattern analysis can only be used to corroborate stories of those involved, but not to refute stories

both

List an objective of the initial responding officer

bring the site under control, coordinate resources

A ______ is the complete unit of an un-fired ammunition

cartridge

A ________ holds the primer and the propellant

cartridge case

5 underlying principles of crime scene analysis

casual connection, super position, continuity, chronology, relationship

This patter of individual spatter is deposited on a surface, which demonstrates movement of the dripping item from one point to another

drip trails

Processing a crime scene consists of

examination and evaluation

Which type of ballistics refers to that which occurs when the projectile leaves the weapon

external ballistics

Sequencing is evaluated based on 3 logical relationships, every action is looked at to determine: What preceded it, what ______ it, and what occurred simultaneously

followed

examples of impression evidence that might be found at a crime scene

foot prints, tire marks

Who is responsible for determining terminal ballistics when target is a human

forensic pathologist

Once a gravesite is detected or suggested in the case of buried remains, a ______ is established over the area, including datum points and markers

grid

When searching, CSI's should being with the _______ intrusive means

least

When we properly approach analysis, it will become _______ specific, through our analysis, and therefore more accurate

less

Relationships in a crime scene can be

logical, spatial, temporal

List the chemical reagent used to detect latent blood

luminol, amito black, leucocrystal violet, fluorescein

The 5 basic observations of evident trauma which are inconsistent with life

massive head trauma, massive blood loss, major evisceration, decapitation, decomp

The three basic ways of documenting the crime scene are"

notes of all actions and observations on scene, photography/videography, and sketching

If you are assigned to ride with a victim to the hospital, what are your duties

obtain information, dying declarations, excited utterances, collect evidence

When collecting bite mark evidence, what should be done by CSI

photograph and swab for DNA

The purpose of processing is to collect as much information and evidence as possible, in as ______ a condition as possible

pristine

Methods that are suggested in the text for assisting in locating buried remains

probes/vapor monitors (intrusive) GPR, Magnetometers, infrared technologies (non-intrusive)

The definition of evidence is "anything that tends to _____ to _____ a fact in contention

prove; disprove

The technique used to document bloodstain patterns

roadmapping

3 things to consider when conducting bloodstain pattern analysis

size, location, shape

List 2 of the basic blood stain patterns

spatter, cast off

Photos lead the viewer through the scene and tell the ______, which in turn, makes the report more understandable.

story

What is common knowledge name for cyanoacrylate fuming?

superglue fuming

If the CSI Notices any indication of direct manipulation of the body, which is believed to have been done by the perpetrator, they should _____ the area of interest for trace DNA

swab

Why might a CSI want to create a 2nd perimeter around the crime scene?

to create a working area around the scene also trash collection, equipment storage, briefing area for supervisors

Why is it important for IRO to verify the address of the incident?

to ensure you are walking into the correct crime scene, other responders, warrant purposes

examples of when it would be appropriate for an IRO to collect evidence

when it could be damaged or lost due to the wind, rain, etc