CSI Final Exam

Ordering: Place the basic activities of scene processing in the correct order.

1. Assessing 2. Observing 3. Documenting 4. Searching 5. Collecting 6. Processing/Analyzing

Place the order of the steps used in bloodstain pattern analysis in the correct order:

1. Becomes familiar with the entire scene 2. Identifies the discrete patterns along the various bloodstained surfaces 3. Classifies the bloodstain patterns based on their physical characteristics 4. Evaluates directionality and motion in the pattern or stain 5. Evaluates areas of origin, points of convergence, and impact angles 6. Evaluates interrelationships among patterns, stains and other evidence present 7. Evaluates viable source events to explain the pattern using information gleaned from previous steps 8. Uses the peer review process to validate the analysis

Place the steps involved in Event Analysis in the correct order.

1. Collect data, establish likely events 2. Establish event segments from the data available 3. Define associated event segments 4. Order and sequence the associated event segments 5. Audit the information 6. Determine and final-order the events 7. Final flowchart of the overall incident based on the event and event segment sequence

Place the steps of functional photography methodology in the correct order.

1. Document the entire scene as soon as possible in situ, using overall photographs. 2. Photograph all fragile items of evidence as soon as possible, using mid-range and close-up photographs. 3. Place photo placards in the scene on all items of interest and reshoot a second series of overall photographs. 4. Document all known evidence items with mid-range and close-up shots. 5. If items are discovered in the latter stages of processing, ensure that appropriate photos are created. 6. Employ the road mapping technique to document bloodstain pattern or trajectory analysis. 7. Use a photo log to document each photo taken.

Your text provides a suggested format for organizing the crime scene report. Place the report sections in the recommended order.

1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of the Scene 3. Conditions of the Scene 4. Environmental Conditions 5. Factors pertinent to entry and exit 6. Scene documentation 7. Collection of Physical Evidence 8. Search for Latent Prints 9. Additional Examinations

Which of the following allows for the visualization of latent prints before dusting or development on most nonporous surfaces, as well as visualization of other evidence such as latent footwear patterns? (select all that apply)

180-254 nm wavelength of light energy Reflected Ultraviolet Imaging Systems (RUVIS) Shortwave Ultraviolet Light

According to Ch 12 of your text, flies will begin laying eggs on the body within __________ minutes of death.

20

According to your text, a circular bloodstain (length = width) indicates an impact angle of approximately _______ degrees.

90

The crime scene report should not include which of the following: (Select all that apply).

A discourse on why a suspect "had to" have committed the crime. A discussion of only central theme items.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic scene integrity issues?

A suspect leaving a beer bottle on the victim's table

_____________ chronology is related to timing aspects; when did the event segment occur? (Ch 14)

Absolute

According to Chapter 14 in your text, crime scene analysis is accomplished in two very distinct [a]; the first is that of the [b] and the second is the [c] of crime scene [d] using all of the [e] that may be available to the [f].

According to Chapter 14 in your text, crime scene analysis is accomplished in two very distinct venues; the first is that of the crime laboratory and the second is the application of crime scene analysis using all of the data that may be available to the investigation.

According to chapter 8 of your text, crime scene documentation in the form of narrative descriptions is produced at two distinct periods. The first includes all of the crime scene [a] taken [b] while conducting investigative efforts on scene. The second includes the crime scene [c], which [d] and synopsizes the relevant details the technician thinks are important.

According to chapter 8 of your text, crime scene documentation in the form of narrative descriptions is produced at two distinct periods. The first includes all of the crime scene notes taken contemporaneously while conducting investigative efforts on scene. The second includes the crime scene report, which consolidates and synopsizes the relevant details the technician thinks are important.

According to the Principle of Stain Shape and Vector correlation, the [a] of certain bloodstains provides [b] as to the [c] of [d] as well as to the [e] origin of the blood.

According to the Principle of Stain Shape and Vector correlation, the shape of certain bloodstains provides indicators as to the direction of deposition as well as to the spatial origin of the blood.

According to the author, without proper [a], no matter how [b] the crime scene [c] is with the camera, the end result will likely fail the [d] of good crime scene [e].

According to the author, without proper composition, no matter how skilled the crime scene technician is with the camera, the end result will likely fail the expectations of good crime scene documentation.

Which of the following are reasons that crime scene investigators may have to change the boundary for the crime scene perimeter once reassessed?

Additional lighting may be in place when the crime scene team arrives The crime scene team receives all of the fragmented information from various personnel on the scene and can better understand and evaluate which areas are involved in the scene. The general conditions of the scene has changed; it has become more stable The crime scene team team reassess the scene with a more critical eye and may notice something in the scene that requires the perimeter to be expanded.

Gunshot Residue (GSR) examinations test for which of the following? (select all that apply, no partial credit).

Antimony Barium Lead

Which of the following does NOT belong in the documentation phase of scene processing?

Autopsy

Some factors to consider before making a determination as whether your crime scene team should take a area v. functional approach include: (select all that apply)

Available resources (equipment or personnel) Order of activity involving specialty examination needs. Single or multiple scenes Physical size of the scene

The ______________ method of fixing evidence is very similar to the rectangular coordinates process. It is best suited for exterior scenes without evident landmarks, although it can also be used inside. It begins with a datum point, a location from which the baseline will extend.

Baseline coordinates

Which of the following represents the professional investigative standard?

Beyond a reasonable doubt

a] are the most common concern of crime scene investigators, particularly when dealing with violent crime or death scenes where the technician is likely to encounter blood, urine, fecal matter, sputum, or vomit.

Biohazards

Blood as a [a] responds to [b] of [c] and external [d] in a(n) [e] [f].

Blood as a fluid responds to variations of internal and external forces in a(n) predictable fashion.

According to the Pattern Diversity Principle, a cast-off pattern falls into which of the six event mechanisms?

Blood dispersed as a function of accelerated motion

Which of the following are event mechanisms according to the Pattern Diversity Principle? Select all that apply; no partial credit

Blood dispersed as a function of secondary contact with a surface Blood that accumulates or flows on a surface Static blood dispersed from a point source Blood dispersed as a function of accelerated motion Blood dispersed as a function of gravity Blood dispersed in a jet

Which of the following are included in the two primary goals of concern to the initial responding officer when reacting to any critical incident?

Bring the site under control Coordinate available resources

Bullet [a] resulting from [b] [c] will tend to be circular to [d] in shape.

Bullet defects resulting from nontumbling impacts will tend to be circular to elliptical in shape.

The Electrostatic dust lifting device may be effectively used to collect footwear impressions on which of the following surfaces (select all that apply).

Carpets Paper Doors

The Evidence Linkage Triangle helps establish specific links or relationships between all of the following EXCEPT (select the response that does NOT belong in the evidence linkage triangle).

Chief of Police

Match the search patterns with the appropriate description

Circle or spiral search-The searcher begins on the outside of the area or room and then, moving in a slow circle searches in a spiral pattern inward (this pattern may also be used in the reverse direction). Grid Search-The area is divided into two sets of lanes that run at 90 degree angles to each other. The searcher then treats each set of lanes as a normal strip search; and once done, begins a second search using the second set of lanes that run at a 90 degree angle to the first set. Zone search-Two variations: (a) the areas in questions are divided into smaller areas that are searched individually; (b) to subdivide a larger scene into manageable sections that are searched using other search methods. Line Search-Area is subdivided into lanes. A large group of searchers line up and move down the lanes together in a single direction. Point-to-point search-The crime scene investigator determines in which order to deal with evidence and proceeds from focal point to focal point until the scene is cleared.

Which of the following are terms used to describe crime scene photographs? Select all that apply.

Close range Overall Forensic quality Mid-range

If asked to accompany a victim to the hospital, which of the following include responsibilities of the first responding officer? Select all that apply, no partial credit.

Collect any evidence removed from the victim in the course of lifesaving activities (to include: bullets and casings, personal effects, trace evidence, etc.) documenting any dying declarations or utterances made by the victim

Which of the following is responsible for conducting external ballistics analyses?

Crime Scene Technicians

Match the terms with the correct descriptions.

Crime repression-When crime prevention fails, the police seek to repress the criminal by actively investigating crime and bringing the criminal to justice. Protection of personal liberty-Protect citizens from unwarranted police interference of their personal liberties. They do this in a manner that ensures their methods and practices abide by the constitution and the law Crime prevention-Actions and efforts designed to keep crime from occurring. Regulating NonCriminal Conduct-Control general behavior such as city ordinances and traffic regulations. Provision of Services-Other services provided, such as Courtesy Patrol

Which type of sketch is often referred to as a "bird's - eye view?"

Cross projection sketch

Inappropriate handling of evidence may cause _________________, which is particularly problematic in serological and trace evidence examinations.

Cross-contamination

Guanine always pairs with _________________.

Cytosine

Which of the following are types of characteristics on the bullet or bullet fragment that the firearms examiner looks for? (Select all that apply).

Damage to the projectile, indicative of the type of target the bullet struck. Layering of Trace Evidence, indicative of sequence of targets struck. Deformation of the projectile, indicative of a deflection along its flight path and the angle of deflection.

Which of the following are observations of evident trauma inconsistent with life? Select all that apply.

Decapitation Evident decomposition Major evisceration Massive blood loss

Which of the following is NOT included in standard personal protective equipment (PPE) for crime scene processing

Decontamination chamber

Which of the following are types of characteristics on the bullet or bullet fragment that the firearms examiner looks for? (Select all that apply).

Deformation of the projectile, indicative of a deflection along its flight path and the angle of deflection. Layering of Trace Evidence, indicative of sequence of targets struck. Damage to the projectile, indicative of the type of target the bullet struck.

___________ is affected by the amount of light a lens allows into any exposure. The f-stop helps determine this.

Depth of field

Determining the [a] of a bloodstain, according to the Principle of Stain Shape and Vector Correlation, can be accomplished by calculating the [b] sine of the quotient of the [c] (minor axis) of the bloodstain divided by the [d] (major axis) of the bloodstain.

Determining the impact angle of a bloodstain, according to the Principle of Stain Shape and Vector Correlation, can be accomplished by calculating the inverse sine of the quotient of the width (minor axis) of the bloodstain divided by the length (major axis) of the bloodstain.

Match the item with the correct description. No partial credit (all or nothing).

Ejection Port- Where the expended casing is ejected from the chamber in semiautomatic and automatic weapons. Barrel- The hollow tube that directs the path of the projectile when it is fired from the gun. Cartridge- Made up of a bullet and casing, with primers and propellant contained within. Chamber- Where the cartridge is seated when it is fired. Projectile- A single mass of metal (bullet) or shot consisting of small metal balls (shot), that are expelled from a gun when it is fired. Cartridge Case- Typically made of metal and will be expelled from automatic and semiautomatic weapons or retained in a single shot revolver. This object holds the primer and propellant.

Which of the following may be described in the "Additional Examinations" section of your report?

Electrostatic lifter examination for footwear. Trajectory analysis in shooting scenes. Bloodstain pattern analysis in violent scenes. Evident fire patterns and fire flow evaluations at fire scenes. Specialized chemical enhancements (luminol, amido-black, or fluorescein enhancements) and their results.

What type of sketch is drawn depicting a side view of a portion of the scene?

Elevation sketch

____________________ can be defined as anything that tends to prove or disprove a fact in contention.

Evidence

[a] can be defined as anything that tends to prove or disprove a [b] in contention whereas [c] evidence takes the form of specific items found at the scene that are often [d] for subsequent analysis and presentation.

Evidence can be defined as anything that tends to prove or disprove a Fact in contention whereas Physical evidence takes the form of specific items found at the scene that are often Collected for subsequent analysis and presentation.

Match each phase in the light conversion process with the most accurate description.

Excitation Filter- Creates a specific wavelength of light Light Strikes Substance- Some energy is absorbed, exciting electrons in the substance. Some energy is reflected. Release of Energy- The excited electrons fall back to normal energy state, releasing energy as light. This release is at a lower energy state than the original light. Barrier Filter- Barrier filter keeps original wavelength from passing, but allows fluoresence energy to pass and be seen.

In firearms and ballistics evidence, casings recovered from a crime scene may be examined for which of the following? (Select all that apply, no partial credit).

Extractor marks Firing pin impressions Breech bolt marks Ejector marks

Fingerprints deposited onto a smooth metal surface will always be destroyed when exposed to flames.

False

It is imperative to restate in the Collection of Evidence section of the crime scene report all facts pertaining to what evidence was recovered by whom and exactly where, even if the organization uses a consolidated evidence collection log.

False

T/F. It is the responsibility of the crime scene technician to collect the evidence without altering the crime scene.

False

T/F. The order or sequence in which processing is completed has no impact on the resulting investigation

False

T/F. There is only one right way to process the crime scene.

False

The Condition of the Scene section of a crime scene report is intended to describe the building, any doors and openings and the static conditions found at the scene.

False

The crime scene report should be synopsized and report only that information that ultimately supports the conclusions of the technician.

False

The crime scene technician is responsible for estimating the time of death/postmortem interval.

False

The rule of thirds relates to background placement, where the subject is placed to the far left of the background in the photograph.

False

True or False. Good crime scene photographs eliminate the need for detailed notes in the overall observation phase of crime scene processing.

False

True or False. The Environmental Conditions section of the crime scene report is used merely to discuss the exterior conditions (e.g. raining, snowing, sunshine).

False

Video photography is an acceptable replacement to crime scene photography.

False

Who attempts to resolve the following questions: Does the weapon operate as intended? Can it operate at all? Are there any aspects of the weapon capable of creating some form of accidental discharge?

Forensic Firearms Examiners

Who deals with terminal ballistics?

Forensic Pathologist

Mechanical fit may also be referred to as ________________, and is where a damaged item can be pieced back together.

Fracture matching

The problem encountered by the processing team in Alaska was that the body was ________ solid by long-term subarctic exposure. (Fill in the blank)

Frozen

Match the radiant energy and light descriptions to their range of wavelengths.

Gamma/X-Rays 1-200 nm UV Energy 200-400 nm Visible Light 400-700 nm Infrared Energy 700-2000 nm Heat Energy 2000-12,000 nm

Match the mechanism of injury to their correct descriptions.

Gunshot trauma- injuries produced by a projectile from a firearm Sharp force trauma- the cutting of tissue Asphyxia- resulting from loss of oxygen Blunt force trauma- the crushing and tearing of tissue

Trace evidence is typically examined for class characteristics and may include which of the following? (Select all that apply, no partial credit)

Hairs Paint Fibers Glass Soil

According to Ch 14 of your text, who spoke of the necessity of reconstructing the crime through a meticulous examination of collection and facts?

Hans Gross

Match the sketch element with its description: (no partial credit).

Heading-A notation that indicates why the sketch was created. Diagram area-The drawing itself Legend-Defines the labels used in the diagram. Scale and direction notation-identifies the orientation of the sketch in relation to compass direction and informs the viewer of any reference scale. Title Block-Provides the location of the sketch and who created it.

Which of the following are significant comprehension problems in crime scene photography?

Identification problems Orientation problems Incomplete documentation Confusion problems

In considering scene isolation, the crime scene team should employ [a] isolation and [b]; two [c] should be established, which in effect will create three areas of [d].

In considering scene isolation, the crime scene team should employ multilevel isolation and containment; two perimeters should be established, which in effect will create three areas of access.

Match the photographic comprehension problem with the correct description.

Incomplete documentation-failure to photograph a critical item or crime scene condition Confusion problems-photographs of the scene in an altered state, or shooting poorly referenced photographs of a number of similar items Identification problems-when the viewer has no idea what the item is or why the photograph was taken Orientation problems-when there is no way to distinguish left from right or up from down

_____________ characteristics allow the forensic scientist to compare the item with a specific object or person and include or exclude it as having originated from that object or person.

Individual

___________________ is a major goal of forensics; it is powerful evidence to conclusively state that this blood or this fingerprint came from this individual.

Individualization

Match the category of muzzle range with the correct description of each. No partial credit (all or nothing).

Intermediate Range- Deduced singularly from the presence of stippling around the wound; the muzzle is typically between 5 and 40 inches from the body when the gun is fired. Indeterminate range- No conclusion can be drawn on muzzle distance. No stippling or markings are present. Hard or close contact- The muzzle is in direct contact with the skin or pressed into the skin. Near Contact- The muzzle is generally less than 5 inches from the skin, but not touching the skin or in extremely close proximity to it. Loose Contact- The muzzle is in extremely close proximity to the skin, but at the moment of firing, a small gap is created between the two.

Any good processing methodology will demand the following five basic ingredients (select the correct five).

Knowledge A coordinated effort Flexibility Skills and Tools A methodical approach

With regard to evidence preservation and emergency care, what is the over-riding rule for the responding officer?

Life saving

Which of the following should be considered when deciding where to establish an initial perimeter around the crime scene? Select all that apply, no partial credit.

Natural Entry and Exit Points Secondary Scenes Primary focal points

Which of the following are crime scene search considerations?

Nature of the ground being searched Size of the item being searched for On-scene environmental conditions Lighting conditions

No two [a] have ever been found to be exactly the same; not from direct [b], classification systems, computer [c], or even from [d]. Fingerprints are unique to the individual.

No two fingerprints have ever been found to be exactly the same; not from direct comparison, classification systems, computer databases, or even from identical twins. Fingerprints are unique to the individual.

An [a] photograph shows an area of the scene. It captures the basic aspects of the scene and general relationship

Overall

Which of the following is NOT one of the common crime scene mapping methods used?

Pacing off the distances

Evidentiary items saturated with blood should first be dried then stored in ____________.

Paper

Match the blood stain term with it's correct description

Pattern Transfer- Any stain or pattern created by the transfer of blood from one object to another in which a recognizable characteristic or image is present. Blood into Blood- A pattern of spatter deposited into one another or into another liquid, resulting in an accumulation with secondary spatter randomly oriented around the margin. Impact Pattern- A radiating pattern of small circular or elliptical-shaped stains created when blood is broken up at a source by some force. Cast-off- Stains created when blood is flung from an object that is either in motion or which suddenly stops some motion.

Which of the following should be included in the set of photographs taken of the body? Select all that apply. No partial credit.

Photographs of the face for identification purposes External condition of the body cleaned and unclothed Injuries both before and after they are cleaned External condition of the body clothed and before cleaning External condition of the body unclothed and before cleaning Artifacts discovered

Road mapping involves which of the following steps: (select all that apply)

Placement of appropriate labels and scales Creation of close-up photographs of individual stains, defects, or details with labels in place. Creation of overall photographs of an area with labels in place

Which crime scene mapping method is most accurately described by the following: this method beings with setting a datum point; whatever sighting device is used the datum point is at ground level directly beneath it; once the sighting tripod is in place, the technician uses a laser devise or a plumb line to ensure that the rebar is directly beneath the point of rotation on the sighting device.

Polar coordinates

Match the terms with their correct descriptions.

Predictable Effects-Changes to the scene or evidence that occur with some regularity such as the stages of insect activity and body degradation. Unpredictable Effects-Changes that occur in an unpredictable or random fashion; such as a first responding officer stepping on a shell casing. Transitory Effects-Fleeting changes such as ice melting in a glass or lingering odors. Relational Detail-The ability to physically place item(s) in the scene such as a void pattern on a blood stained wall or a cluster of shell casings on the ground. Functional Details-These dictate the operating conditions of items in the scene such as whether or not a gun fires or a door lock engages.

Match the descriptions to the steps in the scientific method for crime scene analysis as described in Ch 14 of your text

Problem -define the investigative question Hypothesis- identify viable explanations or possibilities Data- collect information to resolve the problem Expect- identify what would be found if the hypothesis were true Test-test the hypothesis against the evidence at the scene Conclusion- identify an opinion and repeat for each variable

Which of the following are included in the five basic objectives of incident management that the initial responder is responsible for at the crime scene? (Select all that apply, no partial credit).

Provide for emergency care Release the scene to appropriate authorities (investigating detectives or crime scene technicians). Secure and control the scene and all those within it Document the provided information Not become a casualty

Which of the following crime scene mapping methods is best suited for crime scenes with clear and specific boundaries such as interior walls?

Rectangular coordinates

______________ chronology is the sequencing of event segments in relation to one another and speaks only to what precedes or what follows a given segment, with no association to absolute time.

Relative

Which of the following are key elements in crime scene documentation?

Reports Sketches Photographs/video Notes

The concept of "going back" in the processing methodology means:

Returning to an earlier step, in order to bring a newly discovered item of evidence to the same level of processing as other items.

Which of the following is the most appropriate DNA technique to analyze touch DNA?

STR

According to the text, the purpose of the debriefing and assessment by the investigative team is to consider which of the following issues? Select all that apply.

Scene integrity and contamination control Scope of the scene Team approach and composition Personal Protective Measures Search Methods to be used

Upon arrival at the scene, the crime scene team must seek out the initial responding officer. Once found, this individual should be interviewed to determine which of the following? Select all that apply.

Scene security: the initial responding officer should describe the steps taken to secure the scene, including those efforts the officer feels are necessary to enhance security. Changes to the scene: the initial officer should quickly highlight significant changes to the scene by the police, fire, or EMS personnel. Status of involved parties: the status of victims, significant witnesses, and any suspects should be made known to the investigator. Scene scope and nature: the initial officer should clearly define the scope of the scene, identifying specific boundaries and reasons why areas were included or excluded in the initial perimeter.

Which of the following processing methodologies would be appropriate for processing DRY nonporous smooth (glass, most plastics, smooth paint) surfaces for fingerprints? Select all that apply.

Silver Nitrate Small particle reagent Superglue Fuming Basic Brush-and-Powder Techniques Iodine fuming (except metal)

Who once wrote a line in which the fictional character Sherlock Holmes stated, "I can only find evidence Watson. I cannot change it."

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

The study involving the effect of projectiles on the body is referred to as [a] ballistics and is conducted by a forensic [b].

Specified Answer for: a terminal Specified Answer for: b pathologist

Which of the following are classified as types of spatter patterns? Select all that apply.

Spurt Drip trails Cast-off Drip Impact spatter

Match the crime scene analysis principles to their descriptions.

Superposition-the layering of objects in a time-ordered sequence throughout the crime scene Chronology-every action occurring in the scene is considered against all other actions to determine if it precedes, follows, or is simultaneous to those actions. Continuity-examining the disruption or lack of disruption of various surfaces or deposits in scenes to help the crime scene investigator recognize if something happened as claimed Relationship-examining logical, spatial, or temporal associations between items of evidence

Match the bullet defect category with its correct description. (no partial credit).

Tangential defects- where the bullet skims a surface creating a series of defects. Penetrating defect- where the bullet enters but does not exit a surface. Perforating defects- where the bullet enters a surface and exits. Deflection or ricochet- where the bullet strikes a surface and deflects off it at some angle without penetrating the surface completely.

The 4R rule for glass fractures states that [a] lines on [b] fractures are at [c] angles to the [d].

The 4R rule for glass fractures states that ridge lines on radial fractures are at right angles to the rear.

Which theory, principle, or law is described by the following: "the variations in combinations of blood volumes and forces acting on those volumes lead to recognizable classes of patterns"

The Pattern Diversity Principle

The crime scene report is a [a] product, created as a result of effort and [b] made on scene and from the detail found in [c] notes, [d], or sketches.

The crime scene report is a postscene product, created as a result of effort and observations made on scene and from the detail found in contemporaneous notes, photographs, or sketches.

In a free society, the police have two basic goals: (select the two basic goals)

The prevention of crime and disorder, and the preservation of peace The protection of life, property, and personal liberty

The primary source of [a] is in the [b] tract of the victim; therefore [c] typically manifests itself first as a blue-[d] discoloration in the lower [e] quadrant of the [f].

The primary source of bacteria is in the gastrointestinal tract of the victim; therefore decomposition typically manifests itself first as a blue-green discoloration in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

Notes and crime scene reports share some common characteristics, these include: (select all that apply)

They are accurate. They are understandable. They are detailed.

Which type of sketch typically requires software, using a virtual camera, to accurately depict the scene?

Three-dimensional sketch

Which of the following make up the basic elements of a formal crime scene sketch? Check all that apply, no partial credit.

Title Block Diagram Area Scale and direction notations Legend Heading

According to the text, which of the following are techniques for handling supervisors or politicians at the crime scene?

To enforce the use of standard personal protective measures To enforce the use of scene entry logs To consider creating walking routes or observation points for authorized visitors

Locard's principle of exchange states: every contact leaves its ______________.

Trace

Which of the following crime scene mapping methods' underlying rules are based on whether the item of evidence has a regular or irregular shape?

Triangulation

Which of the following crime scene methods are most accurately described by: "the baseline is created across the field of evidence... once established, both ends of the baseline are triangulated to surrounding landmarks, fixing the position of the baseline in the scene;the technician then marks reference points at recurring points along the baseline" then evidence is triangulated to those reference points using standard triangulation rules.

Triangulation on a baseline

A major flaw with testimonial evidence is that it is offered by humans and each person brings a different perception/agenda to the table

True

According to the text, digital media is the cheapest thing at a crime scene.

True

According to the text, graphic information is far easier to comprehend and integrate than testimonial information.

True

According to the text: properly considered, the physical evidence establishes a framework of facts that are irrefutable by anyone

True

According to your text, the product of scientific method is best described as an ever expanding, self-correcting body of knowledge.

True

Any observation made at the crime scene and recorded in notes could be of significance at a later date.

True

Class characteristics are most effective for eliminating an item from inclusion in a group, reducing the necessity of conducting further time or resource consuming examinations.

True

Crime scene notes are generally more detailed than the resulting crime scene report.

True

Crime scene notes must be retained even after creating the crime scene report.

True

Dental stone may be used to cast footwear impressions in snow.

True

Each bullet defect on the crime scene should be given a unique identifier that distinguishes it from any other bullet defect in the scene,

True

Even in cases where death appears to be evident, medical professionals should still verify death through appropriate means.

True

Insects collected from decomposing cadavers should be preserved in vials of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol.

True

No matter how many crime scene perimeters are created, once the purpose of the perimeter is defined, it is imperative that all parties be held accountable for respecting its purpose; this includes other police officers.

True

Outer clothing that holds apparent bloodstain or gunshot residue evidence should be cut from the body prior to rolling the victim over with approval from the the medical examiner.

True

RUVIS can assist in removing background patterns.

True

Structures damaged as a result of fire, bombs, or explosions represent a significant threat to the crime scene processor

True

T/F. A failure to verify the address in the initial response may invalidate a subsequent search warrant.

True

T/F. Assessing the scene is the first step taken in the processing methodology and a continuous step.

True

T/F. The activity of searching the scene is accomplished in several stages. Initial searches are visual, while later searches are physical.

True

T/F. The crime scene entry log documents who entered the scene and for what reason; it is put in place as soon as practical after securing the scene.

True

T/F. Unless given authority by law, police officers do not establish who is beyond medical help and who is not.

True

The CSI Effect is the false or exaggerated perception of forensic science techniques by the general public, and it influences public opinions.

True

The crime scene entry control log is intended as a means of providing a running record of everyone who entered the scene, when they entered, why they entered, and what time they left.

True

The primary issue for the IR photographer is that there are few, if any, rules that predict what substances will reflect the IR wavelength.

True

The purpose of the criminal investigation is a search for truth.

True

The statement "The call you got isn't the call you get" simply means that the initial information provided to the police is often incorrect.

True

Typical impression evidence includes shoe and tire marks, but also includes evidence such as tool marks.

True

Which of the following are primary considerations in identifying where, in the perimeter, the crime scene team should use as access points?

What avenue of approach or departure did the perpetrator utilize What access points are available Will the access point expose operations to unnecessary media scrutiny

According to Ch 14 of your text, which of the following are questions posed during step 2 of event analysis? Select all that apply.

What function did it serve? What does it tell us about time and sequence? What is it?

During the on-scene debriefing between the initial responding officer and the crime scene team, what information should be provided to the team? Select all that apply, no partial credit.

What they found when they arrived What they did What they know, the debriefing should be all encompassing.

When recovering scattered remains, archaeologists often employ a [a] diagram, marking each [b] off the [c] when [d]

When recovering scattered remains, archaeologists often employ a skeletal diagram, marking each bone off the diagram when located.

The loss of body heat from the corpse is referred to as ____________ mortis and is often recorded by taking the core liver temperature.

algor

According to Chapter 12 of your text, presumptive death is determined by: (select all that apply)

an absence of normal life whether there is evident trauma inconsistent with life

When discussing event analysis, an aspect of maintaining objectivity is that the analysis report will, for the most part, be ___________ with regard to suspects. In other words, the suspect's name will not appear in the analysis.

anonymous

The composition of the crime scene team is first defined by whether the teams approach is one of area or function. In the [a] approach, a single team handles all activities associated with processing. In a [b] approach, the team leader designates different teams to do different activites.

area, functional

During initial observations, the crime scene technician accomplishes an initial scan of the scene, this includes looking for which of the following (select all that apply).

avenues of entry or exit victims central theme items fragile evidence

When must the initial responding officer's consideration for personal safety at the scene begin?

before he or she arrives

Ultraviolet (UV) light lies just [a] the visible light spectrum while infrared (IR) light lies just [b] the visible spectrum.

below, above

A bloodstain will appear which color under Longwave Ultraviolet (UVA) light?

black

Which of the following burn patterns usually result from direct flame involvement and may either run deep or be limited to the surface of objects at the scene?

char

According to the first sub principle of the Principle of Stain Shape and Vector Correlation, the [a] of a free flight [b] on a surface produces a [c] with a circular or [d] shape.

collapse droplet stain elliptical

According to the text, the basic goal of crime scene processing is to [a] as much [b] as possible in as [c] a [d] as possible.

collect evidence pristine condition

Photographic composition involves which of the following: (select all that apply)

controlling contrast applying the rule of thirds properly framing the subject

When discussing ballistics evidence, primer residues consist of fused particles of all of the following EXCEPT:

copper

Which of the following are ridge characteristics, or minutiae, that may be used in fingerprint examination? (Select all that apply, no partial credit.)

deltas short ridges trifurcations overlap bifurcations crossings ridge endings spurs ridge dot enclosures

According to your text, asphyxial trauma may result from which of the following? Select all that apply.

drowning exposure to certain chemicals either position or compression prevents the normal breathing strangulation smothering choking

According to your text, human remains may be scattered by which of the following mechanisms? Select all that apply

flooding animals erosion

Without an understanding of fire [a], it is often difficult to identify the [b] of the fire.

flow, origin

The use of mDNA is quickly gaining popularity in _________ analysis.

hair

When confronted with numerous individuals at a crime scene who do not appear to be directly involved, what should the officer consider doing before asking them to leave?

identify and interview them

Analysis of chemical evidence may be accomplished using which of the following methods (select all that apply, no partial credit.)

infrared spectrometry microcrystalline test UV spectrometry gas chromatrography-mass spectrometry

In addition to determining the cause of death, a forensic pathologist receives training such as: (select all that apply, no partial credit).

injury patterns finding the manner of death determining the time since death

Which of the following are field tests for the presumptive presence of blood? Select all that apply.

leuco-malachite green phenolphthalein

The settling of blood in the body due to gravity after blood circulation ends is referred to as __________ mortis.

livor

Crime scene ___________ is the process the technician uses to identify the information in a sketch that defines the size of the scene and where in the scene various items were.

mapping

In elliptically shaped blood stains, the presence of satellite stains, tails, and scallops appear on the side ___________ the initial contact point of the stain.

opposite

Which of the following personal protective equipment should investigators on a fire scene be equipped with? Select all that apply.

particle masks solid boots long-sleeve shirts heavy pants

In discussing gunshot injuries, a ____________ injury is one where the projectile or a fragment enters and then exits the body.

perforating

When a bullet strikes painted metal it often produces a [x] point; which is a small tag of paint that survives the impact and can effectively demonstrate the direction of travel.

pinch

Which of the following results when a friction ridge surface is impressed into a pliable material such as window putty?

plastic prints

Fingerprinting techniques are based on the surface being examined. Match the surface (substrate) type with an appropriate example. (no partial credit)

porous surface-paper non-porous rough- textured vinyl non-porous smooth- factory painted vehicle special condition- adhesive side of tape

According to Ch 14 in your text, which of the following make up the two aspects of chronology?

sequence and time

According to chapter 12 of your text, after initial assessment of the body, other overall crime scene activities will take precedence. This includes basic observations and scene documentation with the body in __________.

situ

Whatever the quality of the crime scene ____________, it serves as a graphic document to show the layout, orientation, and interrelationships of the scene and evidence.

sketch

What are the two basic categories of bloodstain patterns?

spatter stains and nonspatter stains

During fire suppression operations, firefighters may make the following changes to the fire scene: (select all that apply)

tear down walls force entry into buildings vent areas by breaking out windows

The study involving the effect of projectiles on the body is referred to as [a] ballistics and is conducted by a forensic [b].

terminal, pathologist

[a] stations are [b] surveying systems that use [c] very similar to [d] coordinates.

total stations are automated surveying systems that use methods very similar to polar coordinates.

When light energy encounters an object, it can act on the object in which of the following ways?

transmitted reflected absorbed converted

Which of the following is an intrusive method used to detect decomposition gases?

vapor monitors

In the case example on pages 96-98 " Case Example: Things are not always as they initially appear," a point the author made is that:

when investigators arrive at a scene, they are often provided with inaccurate information so the crime scene team must evaluate everything they are told.