Psych final
fixed ratio
reinforcement following completion of a specific number of responses
variable ratio
reinforcement for an unpredictable number of responses that varies around a mean value
continuous reinforcement
reinforcement for every response of the correct type
fixed interval
reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement
variable interval
reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement
encoding specificity
study drunk and take the test drunk
How is the stereotype defined
A belief or attitude about a group of people
What is the DSM
A book about how to diagnose mental disorders
What is a neurotransmitter
A chemical that travels from one neuron to another
What is a correlation?
A measurement of the relationship between two variables
If someone combines results from many studies as if they were one study, what is the outcome?
A meta-analysis
What is a hypothesis
A testable prediction
What is meant by crystallized intelligence
Acquired knowledge in the application of that knowledge to familiar problems. Usually includes verbal information
They all or none law applies to
Action potential's along in axon
A manager following theory X which drive to make the workplace
As foolproof and closely supervised as possible
Which of these is an example of a situational attribution
He took the newspaper job because it was the only job available
The nurture nature issue can be defined as the study of
How differences in behavior related to differences in heredity and the environment
What do psychologist and philosophers mean by the term mind body question
How does brain activity related to mental activity
Which of the following is an example of a personality disorder
Narcissism
Two of the big five personality factors are
Neuroticism and consciousnesses
You develop the belief or hypothesis is that your significant other wants to break up with you. You have a phone conversation in which your significant other sound stressed out but says several nice things about you. According to the confirmation bias you are most likely to
Notice and remember the tone of voice while ignoring the nice comments
Object permanence refers to the idea that
Objects continue to exist even when we don't see them
Which of the following is the main basis for diagnosing attention deficit hyper activity disorder
Observations of behavior
Terror management theory attributes much of our anxiety and neuroses to what
Our fear of death
Which of the following is true of a convenience sample?
People are chosen just because they are available easy to study
In which condition does someone show only limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain
Vegetative state
Which sensory system to text the position and acceleration of the head?
Vestibulor system
Positive symptoms in schizophrenia referred to behaviors that___, one negative sometimes referred to behaviors that_____
are present... Are absent
What does psychometric mean
Based on measurements of individual differences
Systematic desensitization is a special type of which psychotherapy
Behavior therapy
The theory behind the thematic apperception test is that the stories a person tells about an ambiguous picture will
C
Jean PIaget main emphasis was
Children in different stages think in different ways
If you remember the 12 digit number 100110021003 as the three numbers 1001-1 002-1003 you improve your ability to recall it by means of
Chunking
Which of the following contains the hair receptors responsible for hearing?
Cochlea
In which condition does the brain show a low, steady rate of activity and no response to any stimulus
Coma
A repetitive, almost irresistible action is known as a
Compulsion
According to psychodynamic approaches, what does personality results from
Conflict among conscious and unconscious forces
In which kind of study does an investigator study people of different ages at the same time
Cross-sectional
Which of the following would a behaviorist not say
D
A circadian rhythm lasts about how long
Day
A philosophical position that every behavior has a cause is known as
Determinism
People in a group especially a group of strangers, are likely to offer help to a person in need of been is a single individual. Of the following which is the best explanation for this tendency
Diffusion of responsibility
A dog is condition to salivate when it hears one sound but not another this affect is called
Discrimination
Pain stimulates two areas. One records the sensation. What is the function of the other one?
Emotion
In working memory the component responsible for governing just called
Executive functioning
If someone has difficulty forming close attachments, Erik Erikson would seek an explanation in terms of what
Experiences at early stages
And experimenter pair is a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response. If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone, with no air pump what happens?
Extinction
What problem is characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder
Feeling anxiety too often or too intensely
Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for
Fight or flight
If you solve a problem every type you never saw before, what type of intelligence do show
Fluid intelligence
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer
Food
If asked to tell your Social Security number without looking it up, you are being a stripper for which type of memory test?
Free recall
When spearman describe the G factor in intelligence what did the G stand for
General
In the form of psychotherapy practice by Alfred Adler, he tried to get people to change their
Goals and assumptions
An infant who hears a novel sound increases its sucking rate. After several presentations of the same sound, the sucking rate declines. The decrease in responding is called
Habituation
The type a personality that tends to be associated with heart disease characterized by
Impatience and hostility
In Freud's theory, the ID is part of the personality that
Includes biological drives
What kind of psychologist helps a corporation choose the right people to hire
Industrial/organizational
What is a common criticism of the Rorshach inkblots
Interpretations depend largely on the therapists expectations
What causes the sensation of a phantom limb
It is caused by really organized connections in the cerebral cortex
One of the main difficulties with the current status of emotional intelligence is that
It is difficult to determine the right answers to many of the questions
According to the drive theory of motivation what does a motivation do
It makes behavior more vigorous until it satisfies some need
What distinguishes job burn out from ordinary discouragement
Job burn out lasts a long time
When you see something, what happens
Light bouncing of the object strikes your eyes
In which kind of study does an investigator repeatedly study the same people as they get older?
Longitudinal
Psychologist who believed we have a few basic emotions general list six. Which of these is not one of those six
Love
Which of the following is not a key structural element of a neuron
Magnetic resonance imaging
John B Watson propose that people learn phobias by associating a harmless thing with something frightening or dangerous, as in the case of little Albert. One weakness in this theory is that
Many people develop phobias of objects that have never heard them
The savings method of testing memory
Measures whether someone regarding faster than he or she learned the first time
According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, people try to
Minimize the conflict between their contradictory attitudes
Unlike young people, most people over the age of 65 are
Morning people
Remembering how to ride your bike is an example of which type of memory
Procedural
A psychotherapist with an M.D. degree is a __. One with a PhD or PSy. D is a __
Psychiatrist... Psychologist
If everyone has the same chance of being in the experimental group, then the experiment has
Random assignment
A student who is having difficulty in school begins acting in a childish manner. This is an example of which defense
Regression
What did Freud mean by catharsis
Release of pent up emotions
When is psycho analyst ask someone for free associate, what should the person do?
Say everything that comes to mind
Exposure to bright lights for a few hours a day is the recommended treatment for which disorder
Seasonal affective disorder
What did PIEGET mean by the term egocentric
Seeing the world only from your own perspective
And experimenter place is a colored spot on a child's nose, what's the child look in the mirror, and observe is whether the child touches his/her own nose. What concept is being tested
Sense of self
As a post to a state or treat is more
Stable
You were stung by a bee and now you fear certain other insects. You are displaying
Stimulus generalization
What are heuristics
Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding investigation
Nearly all medical and recreational drugs that modify people's experiences exert their effects at
Synapses
REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because
The brain is very active but the muscles are relaxed
What did the Vygotski mean by the term zone of proximal development
The difference between what a child does alone and what a child does with help
What is the stroop effect
The difficulty of seeing the color of the ink instead of reading the word
The left hemisphere controls the__ and the right hemisphere controls__
The right side of the body... The left side of the body
Which of the following was not one of the reasons teachers in Milgrams experiment on obedience to authority obeyed the experimenter and delivered shock to the learner
The subjects knew that they were not actually delivering any shock
Which of the following is a good example of an incentive
The tendency of a non-hungry person to eat very attractive and tasty food
Which of these functions are doing emotional expression service
They communicate our likely behaviors to other people
What is the relationship between the sentences "the building is big" and " it is a larger building
They have the same deep structure but different surface structures
One professor assigned three papers in his class. Then she went students decide between firm deadlines or spread out or having the flexibility to turn in the papers at any time during the semester. What were the results, on average
Those who set rigid, spread out deadlines for themselves did better
Which of the following does a behaviorist avoid studying
Thought processes
What is the purpose of MMPI
To measure personality tendencies
What was originally, and still is, the main purpose of IQ test
To predict performance in school
One criticism of DSM is that it incorrectly
Treat certain normal reactions as if they were disorders
