Psych final

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fixed ratio

reinforcement following completion of a specific number of responses

variable ratio

reinforcement for an unpredictable number of responses that varies around a mean value

continuous reinforcement

reinforcement for every response of the correct type

fixed interval

reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement

variable interval

reinforcement for the first response that follows a given delay since the previous reinforcement

encoding specificity

study drunk and take the test drunk

How is the stereotype defined

A belief or attitude about a group of people

What is the DSM

A book about how to diagnose mental disorders

What is a neurotransmitter

A chemical that travels from one neuron to another

What is a correlation?

A measurement of the relationship between two variables

If someone combines results from many studies as if they were one study, what is the outcome?

A meta-analysis

What is a hypothesis

A testable prediction

What is meant by crystallized intelligence

Acquired knowledge in the application of that knowledge to familiar problems. Usually includes verbal information

They all or none law applies to

Action potential's along in axon

A manager following theory X which drive to make the workplace

As foolproof and closely supervised as possible

Which of these is an example of a situational attribution

He took the newspaper job because it was the only job available

The nurture nature issue can be defined as the study of

How differences in behavior related to differences in heredity and the environment

What do psychologist and philosophers mean by the term mind body question

How does brain activity related to mental activity

Which of the following is an example of a personality disorder

Narcissism

Two of the big five personality factors are

Neuroticism and consciousnesses

You develop the belief or hypothesis is that your significant other wants to break up with you. You have a phone conversation in which your significant other sound stressed out but says several nice things about you. According to the confirmation bias you are most likely to

Notice and remember the tone of voice while ignoring the nice comments

Object permanence refers to the idea that

Objects continue to exist even when we don't see them

Which of the following is the main basis for diagnosing attention deficit hyper activity disorder

Observations of behavior

Terror management theory attributes much of our anxiety and neuroses to what

Our fear of death

Which of the following is true of a convenience sample?

People are chosen just because they are available easy to study

In which condition does someone show only limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain

Vegetative state

Which sensory system to text the position and acceleration of the head?

Vestibulor system

Positive symptoms in schizophrenia referred to behaviors that___, one negative sometimes referred to behaviors that_____

are present... Are absent

What does psychometric mean

Based on measurements of individual differences

Systematic desensitization is a special type of which psychotherapy

Behavior therapy

The theory behind the thematic apperception test is that the stories a person tells about an ambiguous picture will

C

Jean PIaget main emphasis was

Children in different stages think in different ways

If you remember the 12 digit number 100110021003 as the three numbers 1001-1 002-1003 you improve your ability to recall it by means of

Chunking

Which of the following contains the hair receptors responsible for hearing?

Cochlea

In which condition does the brain show a low, steady rate of activity and no response to any stimulus

Coma

A repetitive, almost irresistible action is known as a

Compulsion

According to psychodynamic approaches, what does personality results from

Conflict among conscious and unconscious forces

In which kind of study does an investigator study people of different ages at the same time

Cross-sectional

Which of the following would a behaviorist not say

D

A circadian rhythm lasts about how long

Day

A philosophical position that every behavior has a cause is known as

Determinism

People in a group especially a group of strangers, are likely to offer help to a person in need of been is a single individual. Of the following which is the best explanation for this tendency

Diffusion of responsibility

A dog is condition to salivate when it hears one sound but not another this affect is called

Discrimination

Pain stimulates two areas. One records the sensation. What is the function of the other one?

Emotion

In working memory the component responsible for governing just called

Executive functioning

If someone has difficulty forming close attachments, Erik Erikson would seek an explanation in terms of what

Experiences at early stages

And experimenter pair is a tone with a puff of air to the eyes and establishes a conditioned response. If the experimenter now repeatedly presents the tone alone, with no air pump what happens?

Extinction

What problem is characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder

Feeling anxiety too often or too intensely

Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for

Fight or flight

If you solve a problem every type you never saw before, what type of intelligence do show

Fluid intelligence

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer

Food

If asked to tell your Social Security number without looking it up, you are being a stripper for which type of memory test?

Free recall

When spearman describe the G factor in intelligence what did the G stand for

General

In the form of psychotherapy practice by Alfred Adler, he tried to get people to change their

Goals and assumptions

An infant who hears a novel sound increases its sucking rate. After several presentations of the same sound, the sucking rate declines. The decrease in responding is called

Habituation

The type a personality that tends to be associated with heart disease characterized by

Impatience and hostility

In Freud's theory, the ID is part of the personality that

Includes biological drives

What kind of psychologist helps a corporation choose the right people to hire

Industrial/organizational

What is a common criticism of the Rorshach inkblots

Interpretations depend largely on the therapists expectations

What causes the sensation of a phantom limb

It is caused by really organized connections in the cerebral cortex

One of the main difficulties with the current status of emotional intelligence is that

It is difficult to determine the right answers to many of the questions

According to the drive theory of motivation what does a motivation do

It makes behavior more vigorous until it satisfies some need

What distinguishes job burn out from ordinary discouragement

Job burn out lasts a long time

When you see something, what happens

Light bouncing of the object strikes your eyes

In which kind of study does an investigator repeatedly study the same people as they get older?

Longitudinal

Psychologist who believed we have a few basic emotions general list six. Which of these is not one of those six

Love

Which of the following is not a key structural element of a neuron

Magnetic resonance imaging

John B Watson propose that people learn phobias by associating a harmless thing with something frightening or dangerous, as in the case of little Albert. One weakness in this theory is that

Many people develop phobias of objects that have never heard them

The savings method of testing memory

Measures whether someone regarding faster than he or she learned the first time

According to the theory of cognitive dissonance, people try to

Minimize the conflict between their contradictory attitudes

Unlike young people, most people over the age of 65 are

Morning people

Remembering how to ride your bike is an example of which type of memory

Procedural

A psychotherapist with an M.D. degree is a __. One with a PhD or PSy. D is a __

Psychiatrist... Psychologist

If everyone has the same chance of being in the experimental group, then the experiment has

Random assignment

A student who is having difficulty in school begins acting in a childish manner. This is an example of which defense

Regression

What did Freud mean by catharsis

Release of pent up emotions

When is psycho analyst ask someone for free associate, what should the person do?

Say everything that comes to mind

Exposure to bright lights for a few hours a day is the recommended treatment for which disorder

Seasonal affective disorder

What did PIEGET mean by the term egocentric

Seeing the world only from your own perspective

And experimenter place is a colored spot on a child's nose, what's the child look in the mirror, and observe is whether the child touches his/her own nose. What concept is being tested

Sense of self

As a post to a state or treat is more

Stable

You were stung by a bee and now you fear certain other insects. You are displaying

Stimulus generalization

What are heuristics

Strategies for simplifying a problem or for guiding investigation

Nearly all medical and recreational drugs that modify people's experiences exert their effects at

Synapses

REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because

The brain is very active but the muscles are relaxed

What did the Vygotski mean by the term zone of proximal development

The difference between what a child does alone and what a child does with help

What is the stroop effect

The difficulty of seeing the color of the ink instead of reading the word

The left hemisphere controls the__ and the right hemisphere controls__

The right side of the body... The left side of the body

Which of the following was not one of the reasons teachers in Milgrams experiment on obedience to authority obeyed the experimenter and delivered shock to the learner

The subjects knew that they were not actually delivering any shock

Which of the following is a good example of an incentive

The tendency of a non-hungry person to eat very attractive and tasty food

Which of these functions are doing emotional expression service

They communicate our likely behaviors to other people

What is the relationship between the sentences "the building is big" and " it is a larger building

They have the same deep structure but different surface structures

One professor assigned three papers in his class. Then she went students decide between firm deadlines or spread out or having the flexibility to turn in the papers at any time during the semester. What were the results, on average

Those who set rigid, spread out deadlines for themselves did better

Which of the following does a behaviorist avoid studying

Thought processes

What is the purpose of MMPI

To measure personality tendencies

What was originally, and still is, the main purpose of IQ test

To predict performance in school

One criticism of DSM is that it incorrectly

Treat certain normal reactions as if they were disorders


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