CSUSB MGMT 302
69. A ____________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after a specified number of instances.
fixed-ratio
21. When a large-scale layoff is announced in Bill's company, all the workers including Bill begin to complain. According to attribution theory, we would evaluate Bill's behavior as exhibiting
high consensus.
17. A researcher hypothesizes that the age of employees influences their awareness of diversity. In this example, age is the ______________ and diversity awareness is the _____________.
independent variable/dependent variable.
57. A manager who schedules department meetings to effectively disseminate important information to employees has high
interpersonal skills.
61. The motto of a/an ______________ is "ready, aim, aim," whereas the motto of a/an ______________ is "ready, fire, aim."
introvert/extrovert
62. After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average. This is an example of
the contrast effect.
68. A ______________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed.
variable-interval
10. Jane is relatively calm, poised, and secure. Jane's boss is more excitable, insecure, and reactive. Jane and her boss differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big Five personality framework?
Neuroticism
60. When choosing team members, which of the following abilities would you NOT specifically look for?
Persuasiveness
5. What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?
Top management
71. What is the most important element in effectively leveraging the positive potential of diversity?
Top management support
1. One of the largest employment discrimination lawsuits was settled for more than $11.7 million against Walmart and Sam's Club. What was the main group that was discriminated in this case?
Women
13. What psychologist's work laid the foundation for the study of behavior modification?
B.F. Skinner
80. What is (are) the new role(s) of managers in teams?
Coaches and facilitators
36. A group of department managers who meet periodically to establish corporate policy is an example of which type of group?
Command
66. A manager who can see how the various tasks within the organization fit together and how each task contributes toward the "big picture" has strong
Conceptual skills
35. In which stage is the group considered to be mature?
Control and organization.
44. In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people give up because they can no longer cope with the stressor?
Exhaustion
19. One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that
attitudes are not as stable as personality attributes.
50. One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that
attitudes are not as stable as personality attributes.
72. The scientific management view of motivation includes all of the following EXCEPT
employees want to feel useful and important.
58. A manager acting in the role of a leader will
encourage workers to increase productivity.
79. An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and development employees who have
entrepreneurial mindset
47. No longer laughing at a coworker's inappropriate jokes so that he will stop telling them is an example of
extinction.
70. A _______________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after a certain amount of time has passed.
fixed-interval
51. Medical, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress are primarily
individual consequences.
43. All of the following are examples of an interpersonal demand stressor EXCEPT
job security
83. All of the following are true of large groups EXCEPT
large do not set many rules or regulations.
9. During the __________________ phase of team implementation, teams usually long for a system that resembles the old organizational structure.
leader-centered teams
20. Motivated behavior begins with one or more
needs
40. All of the following are considered cultural dimensions EXCEPT
open-mindedness
26. Another term for power distance is
orientation to authority.
73. A poorly designed office that doesn't allow a worker adequate privacy is an example of a(n) _______________________ organizational stressor.
physical demand
84. Based on Maslow's hierarchy, ________________ most basic requirements that people possess.
physiological
11. A person who generally sees things in a positive light and seems to be in a good mood most of the time has a high level of
positive affectivity.
67. A _____________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of instances
variable-ratio
34. The primary job of ___________ is to create new products, processes, or businesses.
venture teams
52. The move towards a team-based format is often initiated and communicated to the entire organization by
top management
27. Interpersonal value conflict occurs when
two different people hold contradictory values
8. Intrinsic work values are defined as
values related to the work itself
77. The most significant shortcoming of the scientific management approach was that it
overstated the importance of money.
23. A moderate degree of workload-related stress can
stimulate energy and motivation.
48. Videoconferencing, instant messaging, electric meetings, and even conference calls are considered synchronous technology
synchronous
74. Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the _________ rather than the _________ is the cause.
system/worker
18. The two essential issues that must not be overlooked when implementing teams are
team performance and top management support.
3. An engineer who can solve complex mathematical equations on the job has strong
technical skills.
28. How many personality types are there according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
16
65. Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace. Which of the following statements is NOT true in this regard?
Formal and informal organizational rewards are equally observable to individuals when formulating equity perceptions.
75. Medical consequences of stress include all of the following EXCEPT
accident proneness
33. An example of an intrinsic work value is
challenging work
16. Doug is an employee of McDowell Instruments. Doug takes longer breaks than his coworkers, and often rationalizes his behavior because the organization does not pay him enough for the level of work that he does. Doug is reducing his perceived inequity by
changing his inputs
7. After working in a fast-food restaurant for three years to pay for your college tuition, you vowed never to work in a restaurant again. But after graduation the only job offer you receive is a managerial job at a local restaurant. Your acceptance of this job may result in
cognitive dissonance.
38. A knowledge worker's career path may run parallel to a management career path. The benefit of this path for the worker is
compensation that is equivalent to that available to management.
15. John, a middle manager in a high-tech firm, has the ability to identify the products that consumers want to buy, which is based on his
conceptual skills.
22. All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions EXCEPT
confronting the comparison other with any inequity.
85. Car makers design and produce new model cars much more quickly now than they did in the past. This is an example of
decreased cycle time
59. One way to address privacy concerns on the Internet is to
post a privacy policy on the company's website.
24. Marcos believes that men make better managers than women. Marcos' attitude is an example of
prejudice
55. Turnover occurs when people
quit their jobs
76. John truly believes that he can achieve his goal of selling 10 cars each month. This belief reflects John's:
self-efficacy
31. A form of business that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates time or place utility for its customers is called a(n)
service organization
14. An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and development employees who have
an entrepreneurial mindset
30. What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning?
Information processing capacity
41. The start-up phase of team implementation includes which of the following?
Informational or "awareness" training
25. A motorcycle riding club that meets outside of the organization an example of which type of group?
Interest
64. Jim has the ability to balance anxiety, fear, and anger and still get the job done. Jim possesses which component of emotional intelligence?
Managing emotions
56. In which stage of group development do members develop norms of behavior?
Motivation and productivity
49. An employee who just earned an MBA paid for by a firm's tuition reimbursement program might feel a moral obligation to stay with the employer for at least a few years to repay the debt. This person would be classified by which of the following types of commitment?
Normative
45. A manager who groups jobs into units and establishes patterns of authority among jobs or groups of jobs is performing which of the following functions of management?
Organizing
54. What term refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship that operate over and above the formal contract of employment?
Psychological contract
78. John has satisfied his basic needs and has many friends. He is now trying to learn new skills and advance his career. According to Alderfer, John's activities are explained by which component of ERG theory?
Satisfaction-progression
53. Title VII prohibits employee discrimination based on a variety of characteristics. Which of the following is NOT included?
Sexual orientation
12. What is the best reason to create teams in an organization?
Teams make sense for that organization.
6. All of the following are direct organizational consequences of stress EXCEPT
accident proneness.
82. A new product development team is an example of which type of group?
affinity
63. In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people wonder how to cope with stressors?
alarm
37. A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called
learning
39. Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT
locus of control
81. A form of business that combines and transforms resources into tangible outcomes that are then sold to others is called a(n)
manufacturing organization.
2. The human resource approach to motivation assumes that
meaningful employee contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organization.
29. Behavioral consequences of organizational stress include all of the following EXCEPT
negative changes in attitudes.
4. Instrumentality refers to a person's perception of the probability that
performance will lead to certain outcomes.
32. Aria has been performing successfully at work for several months. Aria believes that she will get a pay raise if she maintains this high level of performance. This belief is an example of the _________________________ expectancy.
performance-to-outcome