CSUSB MGMT 302

69. A ____________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after a specified number of instances.

fixed-ratio

21. When a large-scale layoff is announced in Bill's company, all the workers including Bill begin to complain. According to attribution theory, we would evaluate Bill's behavior as exhibiting

high consensus.

17. A researcher hypothesizes that the age of employees influences their awareness of diversity. In this example, age is the ______________ and diversity awareness is the _____________.

independent variable/dependent variable.

57. A manager who schedules department meetings to effectively disseminate important information to employees has high

interpersonal skills.

61. The motto of a/an ______________ is "ready, aim, aim," whereas the motto of a/an ______________ is "ready, fire, aim."

introvert/extrovert

62. After encountering an exceptionally good cashier, we might see an average cashier and evaluate him as below average. This is an example of

the contrast effect.

68. A ______________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed.

variable-interval

10. Jane is relatively calm, poised, and secure. Jane's boss is more excitable, insecure, and reactive. Jane and her boss differ in their level of which personality trait described in the Big Five personality framework?

Neuroticism

60. When choosing team members, which of the following abilities would you NOT specifically look for?

Persuasiveness

5. What level of the corporate ladder is least diverse?

Top management

71. What is the most important element in effectively leveraging the positive potential of diversity?

Top management support

1. One of the largest employment discrimination lawsuits was settled for more than $11.7 million against Walmart and Sam's Club. What was the main group that was discriminated in this case?

Women

13. What psychologist's work laid the foundation for the study of behavior modification?

B.F. Skinner

80. What is (are) the new role(s) of managers in teams?

Coaches and facilitators

36. A group of department managers who meet periodically to establish corporate policy is an example of which type of group?

Command

66. A manager who can see how the various tasks within the organization fit together and how each task contributes toward the "big picture" has strong

Conceptual skills

35. In which stage is the group considered to be mature?

Control and organization.

44. In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people give up because they can no longer cope with the stressor?

Exhaustion

19. One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that

attitudes are not as stable as personality attributes.

50. One of the primary differences between attitudes and personality is that

attitudes are not as stable as personality attributes.

72. The scientific management view of motivation includes all of the following EXCEPT

employees want to feel useful and important.

58. A manager acting in the role of a leader will

encourage workers to increase productivity.

79. An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and development employees who have

entrepreneurial mindset

47. No longer laughing at a coworker's inappropriate jokes so that he will stop telling them is an example of

extinction.

70. A _______________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after a certain amount of time has passed.

fixed-interval

51. Medical, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress are primarily

individual consequences.

43. All of the following are examples of an interpersonal demand stressor EXCEPT

job security

83. All of the following are true of large groups EXCEPT

large do not set many rules or regulations.

9. During the __________________ phase of team implementation, teams usually long for a system that resembles the old organizational structure.

leader-centered teams

20. Motivated behavior begins with one or more

needs

40. All of the following are considered cultural dimensions EXCEPT

open-mindedness

26. Another term for power distance is

orientation to authority.

73. A poorly designed office that doesn't allow a worker adequate privacy is an example of a(n) _______________________ organizational stressor.

physical demand

84. Based on Maslow's hierarchy, ________________ most basic requirements that people possess.

physiological

11. A person who generally sees things in a positive light and seems to be in a good mood most of the time has a high level of

positive affectivity.

67. A _____________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of instances

variable-ratio

34. The primary job of ___________ is to create new products, processes, or businesses.

venture teams

52. The move towards a team-based format is often initiated and communicated to the entire organization by

top management

27. Interpersonal value conflict occurs when

two different people hold contradictory values

8. Intrinsic work values are defined as

values related to the work itself

77. The most significant shortcoming of the scientific management approach was that it

overstated the importance of money.

23. A moderate degree of workload-related stress can

stimulate energy and motivation.

48. Videoconferencing, instant messaging, electric meetings, and even conference calls are considered synchronous technology

synchronous

74. Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the _________ rather than the _________ is the cause.

system/worker

18. The two essential issues that must not be overlooked when implementing teams are

team performance and top management support.

3. An engineer who can solve complex mathematical equations on the job has strong

technical skills.

28. How many personality types are there according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

16

65. Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace. Which of the following statements is NOT true in this regard?

Formal and informal organizational rewards are equally observable to individuals when formulating equity perceptions.

75. Medical consequences of stress include all of the following EXCEPT

accident proneness

33. An example of an intrinsic work value is

challenging work

16. Doug is an employee of McDowell Instruments. Doug takes longer breaks than his coworkers, and often rationalizes his behavior because the organization does not pay him enough for the level of work that he does. Doug is reducing his perceived inequity by

changing his inputs

7. After working in a fast-food restaurant for three years to pay for your college tuition, you vowed never to work in a restaurant again. But after graduation the only job offer you receive is a managerial job at a local restaurant. Your acceptance of this job may result in

cognitive dissonance.

38. A knowledge worker's career path may run parallel to a management career path. The benefit of this path for the worker is

compensation that is equivalent to that available to management.

15. John, a middle manager in a high-tech firm, has the ability to identify the products that consumers want to buy, which is based on his

conceptual skills.

22. All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions EXCEPT

confronting the comparison other with any inequity.

85. Car makers design and produce new model cars much more quickly now than they did in the past. This is an example of

decreased cycle time

59. One way to address privacy concerns on the Internet is to

post a privacy policy on the company's website.

24. Marcos believes that men make better managers than women. Marcos' attitude is an example of

prejudice

55. Turnover occurs when people

quit their jobs

76. John truly believes that he can achieve his goal of selling 10 cars each month. This belief reflects John's:

self-efficacy

31. A form of business that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates time or place utility for its customers is called a(n)

service organization

14. An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and development employees who have

an entrepreneurial mindset

30. What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning?

Information processing capacity

41. The start-up phase of team implementation includes which of the following?

Informational or "awareness" training

25. A motorcycle riding club that meets outside of the organization an example of which type of group?

Interest

64. Jim has the ability to balance anxiety, fear, and anger and still get the job done. Jim possesses which component of emotional intelligence?

Managing emotions

56. In which stage of group development do members develop norms of behavior?

Motivation and productivity

49. An employee who just earned an MBA paid for by a firm's tuition reimbursement program might feel a moral obligation to stay with the employer for at least a few years to repay the debt. This person would be classified by which of the following types of commitment?

Normative

45. A manager who groups jobs into units and establishes patterns of authority among jobs or groups of jobs is performing which of the following functions of management?

Organizing

54. What term refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship that operate over and above the formal contract of employment?

Psychological contract

78. John has satisfied his basic needs and has many friends. He is now trying to learn new skills and advance his career. According to Alderfer, John's activities are explained by which component of ERG theory?

Satisfaction-progression

53. Title VII prohibits employee discrimination based on a variety of characteristics. Which of the following is NOT included?

Sexual orientation

12. What is the best reason to create teams in an organization?

Teams make sense for that organization.

6. All of the following are direct organizational consequences of stress EXCEPT

accident proneness.

82. A new product development team is an example of which type of group?

affinity

63. In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome do people wonder how to cope with stressors?

alarm

37. A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called

learning

39. Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT

locus of control

81. A form of business that combines and transforms resources into tangible outcomes that are then sold to others is called a(n)

manufacturing organization.

2. The human resource approach to motivation assumes that

meaningful employee contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organization.

29. Behavioral consequences of organizational stress include all of the following EXCEPT

negative changes in attitudes.

4. Instrumentality refers to a person's perception of the probability that

performance will lead to certain outcomes.

32. Aria has been performing successfully at work for several months. Aria believes that she will get a pay raise if she maintains this high level of performance. This belief is an example of the _________________________ expectancy.

performance-to-outcome