Cultural Reflections in Art and Artifacts

A summary of an informational text must show the relationship between the author's viewpoint and the -insignificant details. -information presented. -illustrations provided. -important characters.

-information presented.

A source is a(n) _________ an author can use to research and develop ideas in an informational text

outside publication

Which sentence best helps readers visualize the Benin plaque? "In these chapters we are looking at objects that chart how Europe first encountered and then traded with the wider world in the sixteenth century." "There are several hundred Benin plaques now in European and American museums, and they offer us a remarkable picture of the structure of this West African kingdom." "It is about 40 centimetres (16 inches) square; its colour strikes you as coppery rather than brassy, and there are five figures on it, three Africans and two Europeans."

"It is about 40 centimetres (16 inches) square; its colour strikes you as coppery rather than brassy, and there are five figures on it, three Africans and two Europeans."

Which quotations reveal the historical significance of the suffragette-defaced penny? Check all that apply. -". . . the battle only really got going at the start of the twentieth century, when the suffragette movement was born . . ." -"Defacing a coin of the realm is a more subtle crime - one with no evident victims . . ." -"The idea is incredibly clever, because it uses the potential that coinage has . . . to be widely circulated." -"Our Edward VII bronze penny was struck in the year of the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union (the WSPU), whose founders included Emmeline Pankhurst . . ." -"The suffragettes became systematic lawbreakers in order to change the law, and defacing the penny was just one element in a campaign that went far beyond civil disobedience."

-". . . the battle only really got going at the start of the twentieth century, when the suffragette movement was born . . ." -"Our Edward VII bronze penny was struck in the year of the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union (the WSPU), whose founders included Emmeline Pankhurst . . ." -"The suffragettes became systematic lawbreakers in order to change the law, and defacing the penny was just one element in a campaign that went far beyond civil disobedience."

Which line is a direct quotation from an external source? This is quite clearly mid-range pottery, simple earthenware of a sort that many quite modest British households were then able to afford. But the owners of this particular set must have had serious social aspirations, because all three pieces have been decorated with a drape of lacy hallmarked silver. The historian Celina Fox explains that tea-time had become a very smart event: In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock, that it was a bit of a gap for the British tummy between lunchtime and evening. For a while there was a revival of tea-drinking, as a sort of meal for sandwiches and so forth, around four o'clock. -"This is quite clearly mid-range pottery, simple earthenware of a sort that many quite modest British households were then able to afford." -"But the owners of this particular set must have had serious social aspirations, because all three pieces have been decorated with a drape of lacy hallmarked silver." -"The historian Celina Fox explains that tea-time had become a very smart event . . ." -"In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock . . ."

-"In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock . . ."

Which detail from the text presents MacGregor's viewpoint? So our tea set is really a three-piece social history of nineteenth-century Britain. It is also a lens through which historians such as Linda Colley can look at a large part of the history of the world: It does underline how much empire, consciously or not, eventually impacts on everybody in this country. If in the nineteenth century you are sitting at a mahogany table drinking tea with sugar, you are linked to virtually every continent on the globe. You are linked with the Royal Navy, which is guarding the sea routes between these continents, you are linked with this great tentacular capital machinery through which the British control so many parts of the world and ransack them for commodities, including commodities that can be consumed by the ordinary civilian at home. -"So our tea set is really a three-piece social history of nineteenth-century Britain." -"It does underline how much empire, consciously or not, eventually impacts on everybody in this country." -"If in the nineteenth century you are sitting at a mahogany table drinking tea with sugar, you are linked to virtually every continent on the globe." -"You are linked with the Royal Navy, which is guarding the sea routes between these continents . . ."

-"So our tea set is really a three-piece social history of nineteenth-century Britain."

Which detail from the text best supports the idea that the invention of the chronometer had a significant effect on British and world culture? -"During what is sometimes called the 'long' nineteenth century . . . the countries of western Europe and America were transformed from agricultural societies into industrial powerhouses." -"There are twenty-four hours in the day so, as the Earth rotates, every hour the Sun apparently 'moves' across the sky one twenty-fourth of a complete circle of the globe . . ." -"It is made of brass and is around the size of a large pocket watch, with a normal clock dial showing roman numerals and a smaller dial at the bottom for the second hand." -"The chronometer for the first time allowed absolutely accurate charting of the oceans, with all that implied for establishing safe and rapid shipping routes."

-"The chronometer for the first time allowed absolutely accurate charting of the oceans, with all that implied for establishing safe and rapid shipping routes."

Which revision to the second sentence of the passage changes active voice to passive voice? A large mural decorates one wall of the community center. Some artist painted the mural last year. The mural shows groups of children singing, playing soccer, and reading books. -"Eduardo Vega painted the mural last year." -"The mural was painted last year." -"I think that some artist painted the mural last year."

-"The mural was painted last year."

Which sentences contain split infinitives? Check all that apply. -I hope to quickly finish the worksheets so that I can study for the quiz. -To get the most out of the class, you should plan to attend all the field trips. -We would like to go to a movie over the weekend. -Olivia and Jayson plan to compete in the chess tournament. -The dancers must take time to completely warm up before the performance.

-I hope to quickly finish the worksheets so that I can study for the quiz. -The dancers must take time to completely warm up before the performance.

Which idea from the text is best supported by details in the passage? Many wild theories were put forward. It was thought that the plaques must have come from ancient Egypt, or perhaps that the people of Benin were one of the lost tribes of Israel. Or the sculptures must have derived from European influence (after all, these were the contemporaries of Michelangelo, Donatello and Cellini). But research quickly established that the Benin plaques were entirely West African creations, made without European influence. The Europeans had to revisit, and to overhaul, their assumptions of easy cultural superiority. -"Modern British life and culture now have a strong African component." -"All European visitors were struck by the Oba's position as both the spiritual and the secular head of the kingdom . . ." -"This plaque is dominated by the majestic figure of the Oba himself." -"[The plaques] changed European understanding of African history and African culture."

-"[The plaques] changed European understanding of African history and African culture."

Which details from the excerpt help readers visualize the chronometer? Check all that apply. Our object is one of those lower-cost chronometers, made in 1800 by Thomas Earnshaw. It is made of brass and is around the size of a large pocket watch, with a normal clock dial showing roman numerals and a smaller dial at the bottom for the second hand. The clock is suspended inside a swivelling brass ring fitted to the inside of a wooden box - this is the key to keeping the chronometer level even in an unsteady ship. -"made in 1800 by Thomas Earnshaw" -"around the size of a large pocket watch" -"with a normal clock dial showing roman numerals" -"suspended inside a swivelling brass ring" -"even in an unsteady ship"

-"around the size of a large pocket watch" -"with a normal clock dial showing roman numerals" -"suspended inside a swivelling brass ring"

Which details from the passage help readers visualize the plaque? Check all that apply. To either side kneel two high-court functionaries, dressed very like the Oba, but with plainer headdresses and fewer neck-rings. They wear belts hung with small crocodile heads, the emblem of those authorized to conduct business with Europeans - and the heads and shoulders of two tiny Europeans can be seen floating in the background. The Europeans are Portuguese, who from the 1470s were sailing down the west coast of Africa in their galleons on their way to the Indies, but who were also seriously interested in West African pepper, ivory and gold. -"plainer headdresses and fewer neck-rings" -"belts hung with small crocodile heads" -"the heads and shoulders of two tiny Europeans" -"sailing down the west coast of Africa" -"West African pepper, ivory and gold"

-"plainer headdresses and fewer neck-rings" -"belts hung with small crocodile heads" -"the heads and shoulders of two tiny Europeans"

What context clue best helps readers determine the meaning of the word standard? Just as people adopted a common standard time, so numerous aspects of working and daily life were becoming rigidly fixed by the clock, from clocking on at work to school hours and tea-time - which is the subject of our next chapter. -"numerous" -"rigidly fixed" -"tea-time" -"subject"

-"rigidly fixed"

What context clue provides an antonym for the word secular? All European visitors were struck by the Oba's position as both the spiritual and the secular head of the kingdom, and the Benin brass plaques are principally concerned with praising him. -"visitors" -"spiritual" -"kingdom" -"concerned"

-"spiritual"

How should the writer revise the second sentence in the passage to use passive voice? Have you heard about the movie Return of the Robots? A movie studio will release this exciting new film tomorrow. -A movie studio made this exciting film and will release it tomorrow. -This exciting new film will be released tomorrow. -A movie studio releases this exciting new film tomorrow. -This exciting new film releases tomorrow.

-A movie studio releases this exciting new film tomorrow.

When a sentence uses _______, the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb.

-Active voice

How could a writer best revise the above sentence to avoid overly formal language? Cassidy does not know for which course she will register. -Cassidy does not know which course she will register for. -Cassidy does not know for which course she will choose to register. -Cassidy does not know for what course she will -register.

-Cassidy does not know which course she will register for.

Which sentence best establishes visual details? -The paintings were on display for seven months at the local museum. -A local artist created the paintings to celebrate the town's history. -The museum charges five dollars for adult admission to the historic display. -Each painting is a towering portrait of a town founder depicted in bold acrylic.

-Each painting is a towering portrait of a town founder depicted in bold acrylic.

Which sentence must be revised to eliminate a split infinitive? -Jacob went to band practice and came home with a sunburn. -Lucas makes it a habit to only watch the stunts the skateboarders did. -Emily loves to noisily and cheerfully make breakfast for her family each day. -Samuel needs to regularly organize the papers and folders in his school bag.

-Emily loves to noisily and cheerfully make breakfast for her family each day.

What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? But a loving, tranquil cup of tea has a violent hinterland. When all tea came into Europe from China, the British East India Company traded opium for silver and used that silver to buy tea. The trade was so important that it brought the two countries to war. The first of the conflicts, which we still refer to as the Opium Wars - they were in fact just as much about tea - broke out more or less as our teapot was leaving the Wedgwood factory. Partly because of these difficulties with China, in the 1830s the British set up plantations in the area around Calcutta and Indian tea was exempted from import duty to encourage demand. -England's demand for tea encouraged international cooperation. -England's demand for tea caused conflict around the world. -Britain planted tea in China because Britain was at war with India. -Britain traded silver to buy tea, which resulted in high taxes.

-England's demand for tea caused conflict around the world.

Which statement expresses a viewpoint? -At the top of the lighthouse is a small museum. -Every child should visit an art history museum. -A new Japanese paper exhibit has opened at the museum. -The Metropolitan Museum of Art is New York's largest museum.

-Every child should visit an art history museum.

Which sentence must be revised to eliminate the preposition at the end? -Please invite the guests in. -Jenni did not know what the movie was about. -I don't know where Carlos is staying at. -Which town are you going to?

-I don't know where Carlos is staying at.

Which sentences contain split infinitives? Check all that apply. -Ahmed decided to take a cooking class with his aunt. -I try to completely ignore my little brother when he's pestering me. -Daniella's parents asked her to quickly set the table. -If you want to make the team, you should plan to practice every day. -To try one's best is often more important than winning.

-I try to completely ignore my little brother when he's pestering me. -Daniella's parents asked her to quickly set the table.

How does the source extend the information MacGregor presents? As it got cheaper, tea also spread rapidly to the working classes. By 1800, as foreigners remarked, it was the new national drink. By 1900 the average tea consumption per person in Britain was a staggering 6 lbs (3 kilograms) a year. In 1809 the Swede Erik Gustav Geijer commented: Next to water, tea is the Englishman's proper element. All classes consume it . . . in the morning one may see in many places small tables set up under the open sky, around which coal-carters and workmen empty their cups of delicious beverage. -It gives a firsthand account confirming that members of all social classes drank tea. -It explains how many pounds of tea the British drank each year. -It cites a statistic to illustrate how tea was rapidly spreading to the working classes.

-It gives a firsthand account confirming that members of all social classes drank tea.

How does the quotation from Christine Guth support MacGregor's point about The Great Wave? It also, I think, shows a peculiarly Japanese ambivalence. As a viewer, you have no place to stand, no footing. You too must be in a boat, under the Great Wave, and in danger. The dangerous sea over which European things and ideas travelled has, however, been drawn with a profound ambiguity. Christine Guth has studied Hokusai's work, especially The Great Wave, in depth: It was produced at a time when the Japanese were beginning to become concerned about foreign incursions into the islands. So this great wave seemed, on the one hand, to be a symbolic barrier for the protection of Japan, but at the same time it had also suggested the potential for the Japanese to travel abroad, for ideas to move, for things to move back and forth. So I think it was closely tied to the beginnings of the opening of Japan. -It links the artwork directly to its Japanese artists. -It provides the dates the different pieces of artwork were created. -It interprets the wave as a way of isolating Japan and as a means of travel and trade. -It presents MacGregor's viewpoint that the artwork is connected to the opening of Japan.

-It interprets the wave as a way of isolating Japan and as a means of travel and trade.

Which sentence contains an infinitive? -Will you take the package to Sheila? -We walked to town with Grandma. -Please forward that photo to me. -It is normal to make mistakes.

-It is normal to make mistakes.

How does the hook engage the reader in the rest of the paragraph? Why does the whole world measure its time and define its position in relation to the Greenwich Meridian, a line passing through a spot on the banks of the Thames in south-east London? The story begins with the invention in London of a sea-going clock that allowed sailors to find their longitude. The object pictured here is one of those clocks — a marine chronometer made around 1800 — which could keep perfect time even in rolling seas. -It gives the reader information about a previously unfamiliar topic. -It makes the reader wonder how the chronometer relates to our notion of time. -It makes the reader feel a personal connection to the inventor of the clock. -It piques the reader's interest in the bank of the Thames in southeast London.

-It makes the reader wonder how the chronometer relates to our notion of time.

How does the letter support MacGregor's point? . . . Japan's self-imposed isolation was breached by the very real Commodore Matthew Perry of the US Navy, who sailed into Tokyo Bay uninvited and demanded that the Japanese begin to trade with the US. Here's a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor: Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. -It demonstrates how willingly Japan agreed to trade with the United States. -It gives an example of a different interpretation of the wave in the artwork. -It provides an illustration of how the US Navy threatened to use force to open Japanese ports. -It describes Japan's reaction to the United States' forceful letter.

-It provides an illustration of how the US Navy threatened to use force to open Japanese ports.

How would adding an audio version of what a slit drum sounds like enhance the listener's experience of this part of the text? The slit drum began its life in Central Africa, in the region where Sudan and the Congo share a frontier, and it would have been part of the court orchestra of a powerful chief... The flanks of the drum have been carved to different thicknesses, so that a skilled drummer with a traditional drumstick can produce at least two tones and as many as four distinct pitches. -It would signal to the listener that more important ideas about the slit drum's history would be coming in the next section. -It would emphasize to the listener how different drums and other musical instruments sounded like in the past. -It would make the listener more able to feel the same emotions as the people who had heard the drums in the past. -It would make it easier for the listener to duplicate the sounds the drums made on his or her own musical instruments.

-It would make the listener more able to feel the same emotions as the people who had heard the drums in the past.

Which sentences contain prepositions? Check all that apply. -Lena bought a new table to put the sculpture on. -At what time is the performance scheduled to begin? -The committee includes three students and two teachers. -That is the house in which I grew up. -Jonathan looked under his desk for the lost keys.

-Lena bought a new table to put the sculpture on. -At what time is the performance scheduled to begin? -That is the house in which I grew up. -Jonathan looked under his desk for the lost keys.

Which statement best describes how the image reinforces the text? If you wanted to sail, it was impossible to keep a precise record of time. And at sea, if you can't tell the time, you don't know how far east or west you are. It is relatively easy to calculate latitude - your distance north or south of the equator - by measuring the height of the Sun above the horizon at noon; but this won't let you calculate longitude - your position east or west. -The image engages readers with an historic example. -The image aids readers' understanding of key concepts. -The image entertains readers with a modern application. -The image explains how to measure the height of the sun.

-The image aids readers' understanding of key concepts.

Which is the best summary of this excerpt? So our tea set is really a three-piece social history of nineteenth-century Britain. It is also a lens through which historians such as Linda Colley can look at a large part of the history of the world: It does underline how much empire, consciously or not, eventually impacts on everybody in this country. If in the nineteenth century you are sitting at a mahogany table drinking tea with sugar, you are linked to virtually every continent on the globe. You are linked with the Royal Navy, which is guarding the sea routes between these continents, you are linked with this great tentacular capital machinery through which the British control so many parts of the world and ransack them for commodities, including commodities that can be consumed by the ordinary civilian at home. -The tea set has always been an important part of British life. -The tea set has become more valuable through the years. -MacGregor believes the antique tea set to be a symbol of British history. He includes a quotation from a historian to support his point. -MacGregor believes that the antique tea set belonged to the Royal Navy. He quotes a historian to prove his theory.

-MacGregor believes the antique tea set to be a symbol of British history. He includes a quotation from a historian to support his point.

Which line would be best to include in a summary of "Early Victorian Tea Set"? -British citizens should not have been so aggressive when planting tea in India. -Do you like to drink tea? Me, too! This chapter is about tea in Great Britain. -I disagree with MacGregor's opinion that the quest for tea caused much violence worldwide. -MacGregor shows that the British desire for tea changed many nations around the world.

-MacGregor shows that the British desire for tea changed many nations around the world.

Which sentence best emphasizes the idea that one should eat a good breakfast before school every single day? -Mom always says that it is best to eat a good breakfast before school. -Mom says that it is best to always eat a good breakfast before school. -Always Mom says that it is best to eat a good breakfast before school.

-Mom says that it is best to always eat a good breakfast before school.

Which revision changes the sentence so that it uses the active voice? A decision was reached by scientists about when the experiment would begin. -Before the experiment by scientists, a decision was reached. -Scientists reached a decision about when to begin the experiment. -A decision was reached with scientists about beginning the experiment. -The beginning of the experiment is a decision that was reached by scientists.

-Scientists reached a decision about when to begin the experiment.

Which sentences are written in passive voice? Check all that apply. -My little sister found three seashells in the tidal pool. -That book was written by one of my favorite authors. -Sebastian and Akiko are traveling to Ohio this summer. -The contestants will be judged on style and originality. -In my house, fruit is often served after a meal.

-That book was written by one of my favorite authors. -The contestants will be judged on style and originality. -In my house, fruit is often served after a meal.

Which central idea is best supported by the details in the excerpt? The Portuguese galleons, cutting out all the middlemen and able to carry much bigger cargoes, offered a totally new kind of trading opportunity. They and their Dutch and English competitors, who followed later in the sixteenth century, carried gold and ivory to Europe and in return brought commodities from all over the world that were greatly valued by the Oba's court, including coral from the Mediterranean, cowry shells from the Indian Ocean to serve as money, cloth from the Far East and, from Europe itself, larger quantities of brass than had ever before reached West Africa. This was the raw material from which the Benin plaques were made. -The Benin people had access to the riches of the world through trade. -The members of the Oba's court were richer than other Benin people. -European traders treated the Benin people unfairly in trade agreements. -The Benin plaques were highly valued by Portuguese traders.

-The Benin people had access to the riches of the world through trade.

Which central idea is best supported by the details in the excerpt? Many wild theories were put forward. It was thought that the plaques must have come from ancient Egypt, or perhaps that the people of Benin were one of the lost tribes of Israel. Or the sculptures must have derived from European influence (after all, these were the contemporaries of Michelangelo, Donatello and Cellini). But research quickly established that the Benin plaques were entirely West African creations, made without European influence. The Europeans had to revisit, and to overhaul, their assumptions of easy cultural superiority. -Europeans believed that the Benin plaques were inferior to European art. -The Benin plaques challenged Europeans' beliefs about West Africa. -The Benin plaques were copied by many famous European artists. -Europeans traveled to West Africa to purchase more Benin plaques.

-The Benin plaques challenged Europeans' beliefs about West Africa.

What central idea is best supported by details in the passage? The brass needed to make the plaques was usually transported in the form of large bracelets - called manillas - and the quantities involved are staggering. In 1548 just one German merchant house agreed to provide Portugal with 432 tons of brass manillas for the West African market. When we look again at the plaque, we can see that one of the Europeans is holding a manilla, and this is the key to the whole scene: the Oba is with his officials who manage and control the European trade. -The Benin plaques demonstrate why brass is not typically used in sculpture. -The Benin plaques reveal the importance of trade between Europe and Africa. -The Benin plaques highlight the great skill of sixteenth-century African artists. -The Benin plaques show that the Oba was not a powerful or valued leader.

-The Benin plaques reveal the importance of trade between Europe and Africa.

What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? Hokusai has taken more than colour from the West - he has also borrowed the conventions of European perspective to push Mount Fuji far into the distance. It is clear that Hokusai must have studied European prints, which the Dutch had imported into Japan and which circulated among artists and collectors. So The Great Wave, far from being the quintessence of Japan, is a hybrid work, a fusion of European materials and conventions with a Japanese sensibility. No wonder this image has been so loved in Europe: it is an exotic relative, not a complete stranger. -Hokusai uses Japanese painting techniques in The Great Wave. -Hokusai uses the wave to represent Japanese culture. -The Great Wave is popular because it is a classic example of traditional Japanese art. -The Great Wave is popular because it includes both Japanese and European elements.

-The Great Wave is popular because it includes both Japanese and European elements.

What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? So The Great Wave, far from being the quintessence of Japan, is a hybrid work, a fusion of European materials and conventions with a Japanese sensibility. No wonder this image has been so loved in Europe: it is an exotic relative, not a complete stranger. It also, I think, shows a peculiarly Japanese ambivalence. As a viewer, you have no place to stand, no footing. You too must be in a boat, under the Great Wave, and in danger. The dangerous sea over which European things and ideas travelled has, however, been drawn with a profound ambiguity. -The Great Wave was created using European techniques. -The Great Wave was created using Japanese materials. -The Great Wave represents feelings of contentment in Japanese culture. -The Great Wave represents feelings of ambivalence in Japanese culture.

-The Great Wave represents feelings of ambivalence in Japanese culture.

What is MacGregor's viewpoint in this passage? Look a little closer and you see that the beautiful wave is about to engulf three boats with frightened fishermen, and Mount Fuji is so small that you, the spectator, share the feeling that the sailors in the boats must have as they look to shore - it's unreachable, and you are lost. This is, I think, an image of instability and uncertainty. The Great Wave tells us about Japan's state of mind as it stood on the threshold of the modern world, which the US was soon going to force it to join. -The Great Wave includes a wave that is about to engulf three boats. -The Great Wave shows a wave that is much larger than Mount Fuji. -The Great Wave represents instability and uncertainty.

-The Great Wave represents instability and uncertainty.

Which statement expresses a viewpoint? -Cleveland is a city in Ohio. -The United States has the most promising Olympic team this year. -Mount Rushmore features Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Roosevelt. -Some dogs are brown.

-The United States has the most promising Olympic team this year.

Which is the best summary of this excerpt? Among the upper classes, tea had been popular since before 1700. It received celebrity endorsement from Charles II's queen, Catherine of Braganza, and from Queen Anne. It came from China, it was expensive, refreshingly bitter and drunk in tiny cups without milk or sugar. People kept their tea in locked tea caddies, as if it were a drug; for those who could afford it, it often was. In the 1750s Samuel Johnson confessed himself a happy addict: A hardened and shameless tea drinker, who has for twenty years diluted his meals with only the infusion of this fascinating plant, whose kettle scarcely has time to cool, who with Tea amuses the evening, with Tea solaces the midnights, and with Tea welcomes the morning. -The author explains how tea was popular among the upper class. He quotes Samuel Johnson to illustrate its popularity. -The author explains how addictive tea can become. He quotes Samuel Johnson to warn against tea addiction. -Tea is bitter but can be improved with milk and sugar. -Tea should be locked in caddies for a longer shelf life

-The author explains how tea was popular among the upper class. He quotes Samuel Johnson to illustrate its popularity.

Which technique does the author use to engage the reader? Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, was one of the media stars of the First World War. The famous recruitment poster has him pointing straight at us in full uniform, finger in the foreground, handlebar moustache not far behind, with the words 'Your country needs YOU'. -The author asks a question. -The author gives an anecdote. -The author uses a quotation. -The author provides a description.

-The author provides a description.

Which is the best summary of this excerpt? But there are other ways of reading Hokusai's Great Wave. Look a little closer and you see that the beautiful wave is about to engulf three boats with frightened fishermen, and Mount Fuji is so small that you, the spectator, share the feeling that the sailors in the boats must have as they look to shore - it's unreachable, and you are lost. This is, I think, an image of instability and uncertainty. The Great Wave tells us about Japan's state of mind as it stood on the threshold of the modern world, which the US was soon going to force it to join. -The author suggests that The Great Wave is a symbol of Japan as it entered into international trade. -The author describes the fishing boats and fishers included in the woodblock print. -Japan was an isolated nation until The Great Wave became popular. -Japanese art is the most expensive and beautiful in the world.

-The author suggests that The Great Wave is a symbol of Japan as it entered into international trade.

How should the writer revise the sentence to use active voice? A tray of fresh watermelon slices was provided by the booster club. -A tray was provided by the booster club of fresh watermelon slices. -Slices of fresh watermelon were provided by the booster club. -The booster club provided a tray of fresh watermelon slices. -Fresh watermelon slices were provided fresh by the booster club.

-The booster club provided a tray of fresh watermelon slices.

Which conclusion about historical significance can be drawn from this information? The drum was found by Kitchener's army near Khartoum after the Anglo-Egyptian reconquest of the city. Once again it was re-carved - or re-branded - to make a political statement: near the tail of the bush calf Kitchener added the emblem of the British Crown. It was then presented to Queen Victoria. -The emblem of the British crown was carved onto all artifacts found by the British army. -The carving on the slit drum was viewed as an unimportant addition by Kitchener's army. -The carving on the slit drum is representative of British rule over African territories. -The emblem of the British crown was commonly found already engraved on foreign artifacts.

-The carving on the slit drum is representative of British rule over African territories.

Which quotation from A History of the World in 100 Objects best reveals the historical significance of the chronometer? -The chronometer for the first time allowed absolutely accurate charting of the oceans, with all that implied for establishing safe and rapid shipping routes. -Darwin's voyage on the Beagle and his subsequent work on evolution pushed human origins...into an unthinkably distant past. -Geologists had already demonstrated that the Earth was far older than previously believed, undermining the calculation made by Archbishop Usher. -Thanks to clockmakers like Earnshaw, precise and reliable clocks and watches became ever more affordable.

-The chronometer for the first time allowed absolutely accurate charting of the oceans, with all that implied for establishing safe and rapid shipping routes.

Based on the context clues, what is the meaning of the word punitive in the passage? Whatever the real facts, the British, in ostensible revenge for the killing, organized a punitive expedition which raided Benin City, exiled the Oba and created the protectorate of Southern Nigeria. -determined to find natural resources -intended to make peace -designed to inflict punishment -planned by world leaders

-designed to inflict punishment

Which statement best describes how the image reinforces the text? It was not until around 1800 that two London clockmakers managed to simplify the chronometer mechanisms so that virtually any ship - and certainly the larger ships of the Royal Navy - could carry them as routine equipment. -The artistic image emphasizes the chronometer's intricate detail. -The technical image clearly demonstrates the chronometer's mechanics. -The photograph depicts the popularity of the chronometer in England. -The photograph enhances the explanation of the updated chronometer.

-The photograph enhances the explanation of the updated chronometer.

What would be a benefit of reading this text rather than listening to an audio version of it? Power is usually not willingly given, but forcefully taken; and in both Europe and America the nineteenth century was punctuated by political protest, with periodic revolutions on the continent, the Civil War in America and, in Britain, a steady struggle to widen the suffrage. -The reader could analyze the text features in the excerpt. -The reader could visualize the description given. -The reader could set his or her own pace and reread parts for clarity. -The reader could hear the sounds of the political protest.

-The reader could set his or her own pace and reread parts for clarity.

Which statement best explains why a writer might revise the second sentence to use passive voice rather than active voice? A large mural decorates one wall of the community center. Some artist painted the mural last year. The mural shows groups of children singing, playing soccer, and reading books. -The writer wants to emphasize how the mural is different from other murals. -The writer hopes to conceal the name of the artist who painted the mural. -The writer does not know the name of the person who painted the mural.

-The writer does not know the name of the person who painted the mural.

What is MacGregor's viewpoint in this passage? The Museum has three impressions of The Great Wave. The one shown here is an early one, taken when the woodblock was still crisp, which means it has sharp lines and clear, well-integrated colours. At first sight it presents a beautiful picture of a deep blue wave curling above the sea with, far in the distance, the tranquil, snow-capped peak of Mount Fuji. It is, you might think, a stylized, decorative image of a timeless Japan. But there are other ways of reading Hokusai's Great Wave. -The Great Wave shows that Japan is a powerful nation. -One copy of The Great Wave is carved on a woodblock. -The Great Wave includes a deep blue wave and the snowcapped Mount Fuji. -There is more than one way to interpret The Great Wave.

-There is more than one way to interpret The Great Wave.

What is the cultural significance of the carvings on the side of the slit drum? -They convey the dominance of Islam in Khartoum in the late 1800s. -They represent British methods for battling Sudan in the late 1800s. -They depict typical routines of daily life in Egypt in the late 1800s. -They reflect African traditions in southern Sudan in the late 1800s.

-They convey the dominance of Islam in Khartoum in the late 1800s.

Which sentence uses passive voice? -We arrived early for our annual dental check-ups. -Dr. Gomez greeted us warmly and took X-rays. -Calm music played quietly in the dentist's office. -We were given new toothbrushes by the hygienist.

-We were given new toothbrushes by the hygienist.

Which sentence requires no revision? -New Jersey is the state where I grew up in. -Christian knows where the party is at. -Which bench will you be sitting on? -Where are your parents driving to?

-Which bench will you be sitting on?

Which sentence best creates emphasis specifically on water safety through the use of a split infinitive? -You will have to watch the children really at the beach because the current is very strong. -You will have to really watch the children at the beach because the current is very strong. -Because the current is very strong, you will have to watch the children at the beach closely. -Because the current is very strong, you will have to closely watch the children at the beach.

-You will have to really watch the children at the beach because the current is very strong.

Which sentence contains a split infinitive? -Young children seem to thoroughly enjoy playing with soap bubbles and shaving cream. -It is important to give children opportunities to explore their world through sensory experiences. -Clay and finger paints are often used to prepare children for writing and drawing. -Going to preschool opens the door to learning and encourages kindergarten readiness.

-Young children seem to thoroughly enjoy playing with soap bubbles and shaving cream.

What does pausing before a certain word in the middle of a sentence provide for the listener? -a signal that a sound effect will occur soon -a reason to go back and quickly reread the text -a cue that an important word might follow -a moment to look up new terms

-a cue that an important word might follow

What type of outside source does MacGregor use in this excerpt? Here's a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor: Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render such return unnecessary, by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific overtures contained in the president's letter . . . This was textbook gunboat diplomacy, and it worked. Japanese resistance melted, and very quickly the Japanese embraced the new economic model, becoming energetic players in the international markets they had been forced to join. They began to think differently about the sea that surrounded them, and their awareness of the possible opportunities in the world beyond grew fast. -a college textbook -a newspaper article -a historical letter -a Japanese website

-a historical letter

Which image would best enhance the paragraph? My grandmother taught me to appreciate architecture. She grew up in Greece and photographed ancient ruins in her youth. She told me that people do not build things of beauty the way they used to, and her favorite example was Greek Ionic columns. As an architecture student today, I wonder if I will ever create anything as beautiful as these. -a map of ancient Greece -a portrait of the author's grandmother -a picture of Ionic columns -a poster defining architectural terms

-a picture of Ionic columns

What type of context clue offers information about the function, features, or appearance of an unfamiliar word? -definition -explanation -antonym -synonym

-explanation

What could be added to an audio version of this text that would best enhance the listening experience? The process of redefining the British political nation was a slow one. It began in the 1820s, and by the 1880s roughly 60 per cent of the male population had the right to vote - but no women. The campaign for women's suffrage had begun shortly after the Great Reform Act of 1832, but the battle only really got going at the start of the twentieth century, when the suffragette movement was born and with it a new level of female assertiveness, indeed violence. Here are the words of Dame Ethel Smyth, who composed the song 'March of the Women', which was a battle hymn of the suffragettes. -a recording of the song "March of the Women" -sound effects of women marching -sound effects from a large crowd of people -a recording of someone reciting the Great Reform Act of 1832

-a recording of the song "March of the Women"

Read the passage. What does the author use to engage the reader? Why does the whole world measure its time and define its position in relation to the Greenwich Meridian, a line passing through a spot on the banks of the Thames in south-east London? The story begins with the invention in London of a sea-going clock that allowed sailors to find their longitude. The object pictured here is one of those clocks — a marine chronometer made around 1800 — which could keep perfect time even in rolling seas. -a quotation from an expert -an interesting anecdote -a thought-provoking question

-a thought-provoking question

What must students use when summarizing an informational text? Check all that apply. -a casual tone -informal language -academic language -an objective, formal tone -a variety of sentence types

-academic language -an objective, formal tone -a variety of sentence types

Check all that apply. Which words are prepositions? -at -no -under -near -from -see

-at -under -near -from

To add emphasis to the idea that this object is different than other recent objects discussed, an audio version of this text could have a pause This suffragette coin stands for all those who fought for the right to vote. Recent objects have been about nineteenth-century mass production and mass consumption - this one is about the rise of mass political engagement. -after "This suffragette." -after "Recent objects." -before "mass consumption." -before "this one is about."

-before "this one is about."

Based on the context clues, what is the meaning of the word maritime in the passage? As a maritime nation, the British were concerned with one problem in particular: they could make clocks that kept very good time as long as they stayed perfectly still but not when they were shaken about, and particularly not on board a rolling ship. If you wanted to sail, it was impossible to keep a precise record of time. -bordering the sea; nautical -over-scheduled -characterized by calm; restful -accurate or specific

-bordering the sea; nautical

How could a writer best revise the above sentence to avoid overly formal language? She did not have a container in which to put the leftovers. -by choosing to end the sentence in a preposition -by switching from active voice to passive voice -by inserting an adverb between the two parts of the infinitive -by switching from passive voice to active voice

-by choosing to end the sentence in a preposition

How could a writer best revise this sentence to avoid overly formal language? Mr. Richardson is shopping for the perfect shelf on which to display his bowling trophy. -by inserting an adverb between the two parts of the infinitive -by switching from active voice to passive voice. -by choosing to end the sentence in a preposition -by switching from passive voice to active voice

-by choosing to end the sentence in a preposition

How does the image enhance the paragraph? When I turned fifteen, my uncle bought me a model rocket. I was skeptical at first, thinking it was a toy for a kid. But my uncle explained that it contained everything needed for a real launch, from an engine to a parachute. -by crediting the inventor of the rocket -by identifying the parts of the rocket -by comparing the rocket to a toy -by explaining how to launch the rocket

-by identifying the parts of the rocket

How does the author engage the reader? In 2001 the UK National Census recorded that more than 1 in 20 Londoners were of black African descent, a figure that has continued to rise in the years since. Modern British life and culture now have a strong African component. This development is merely the latest chapter in the history of relations between Africa and western Europe, and in that long and turbulent history the Benin Bronzes, as they used to be known, hold a unique place. -by giving an anecdote that makes the reader interested in modern British life -by providing a quotation that makes the reader interested in current census data -by presenting a series of interesting facts that make the reader curious about the significance of the Benin Bronzes -by providing a description of the Benin Bronzes that makes the reader interested in how they were made

-by presenting a series of interesting facts that make the reader curious about the significance of the Benin Bronzes

How does the image enhance the paragraph? In the early 1900s, a handy invention lightened laundry loads by squeezing water out of garments. Homemakers could attach a clothes wringer to a bucket with built-in vice clamps and crank individual pieces of laundry through two sturdy rollers. -by labeling the parts of the clothes wringer -by crediting the inventor of the clothes wringer -by reinforcing the description of the clothes wringer -by criticizing the shortcomings of the clothes wringer

-by reinforcing the description of the clothes wringer

Which details are evident in both the excerpt and the image? Check all that apply. His neck is completely invisible - a series of large rings runs from his shoulders right the way up to his lower lip. In his right hand he holds up a ceremonial axe. To either side kneel two high-court functionaries, dressed very like the Oba, but with plainer headdresses and fewer neck-rings. They wear belts hung with small crocodile heads, the emblem of those authorized to conduct business with Europeans - and the heads and shoulders of two tiny Europeans can be seen floating in the background. -ceremonial jewelry -government leaders -period architecture -family rituals -European traders

-ceremonial jewelry -government leaders -European Traders

A writer sometimes chooses to end a sentence with a preposition because doing so makes the sentence more

-clear

What an object conveys about the important events, advancements, and people of a specific time period is called the -cultural significance. -historical anecdote. -historical significance. -cultural importance.

-historical significance.

The author hooks the reader by asking a question that What could be more domestic, more unremarkable, more British, than a nice cup of tea? You could of course put the question the other way round and ask what could be less British than a cup of tea, given that tea is made from plants grown in India or China and often sweetened by sugar from the Caribbean. -makes the reader think about the link between tea and Britishness. -interests the reader in food exports from the Caribbean. -causes the reader to the think about plants that are grown to make tea. -makes the reader wonder about the most common drinks in India.

-makes the reader think about the link between tea and Britishness.

What could be more domestic, more unremarkable, more British, than a nice cup of tea? You could of course put the question the other way round and ask what could be less British than a cup of tea, given that tea is made from plants grown in India or China and often sweetened by sugar from the Caribbean. -makes the reader think about the link between tea and Britishness. -interests the reader in food exports from the Caribbean. -causes the reader to the think about plants that are grown to make tea. -makes the reader wonder about the most common drinks in India.

-makes the reader think about the link between tea and Britishness.

In the future, which object will be historically significant as a representation of the 2000s? -mp3 players -record players -tape players -CD players

-mp3 players

An author's viewpoint is the way in which he or she ___.

-perceives a topic

What does the suffragette-defaced penny reveal about life in England during that time period? This object has on it the image of a king, but this particular example has been appropriated by women - disfigured by a slogan as an act of female protest against the laws of the state. It is a British penny with King Edward VII in elegant profile, but his image has been defaced in what was then a criminal act. Stamped all over the king's head in crude capitals are the words VOTES FOR WOMEN. This suffragette coin stands for all those who fought for the right to vote. -that the laws of the state only applied to women -that women were often breaking laws to make a point -that the penny was not considered a useful form of currency -that women wanted to change existing laws and gain the right to vote

-that women wanted to change existing laws and gain the right to vote

What factors affect an author's viewpoint? Check all that apply -the author's knowledge -the author's publisher -the author's opinion -the author's worldview -the author's experience -the author's illustrations

-the author's knowledge -the author's opinion -the author's worldview -the author's experience

The best reason to revise this sentence using the passive voice is that Someone sang a solo during the holiday concert. -the name of the singer is unknown. -the kind of song being performed is unknown. -the length of the concert is unknown. -the type of holiday being celebrated is unknown.

-the name of the singer is unknown.

Check all that apply. Writers should avoid splitting an infinitive when -the sentence is already clear. -it sounds awkward to split the infinitive. -using one makes the sentence stronger. -doing so is necessary to avoid confusion. -too much information is inserted between the two parts of the infinitive.

-the sentence is already clear. -it sounds awkward to split the infinitive. -too much information is inserted between the two parts of the infinitive.

The best reason for the writer to revise this sentence to be in the passive voice is to emphasize The famous artist and sculptor Michelangelo sculpted the statue David in Italy in the early 1500s. -the date. -the location. -the sculptor. -the statue.

-the statue.

What is the purpose of the details in the paragraph? Students enrolled in Physics 101 were asked to assemble wooden cars to demonstrate the principles of friction. The cars began as uniform kits, each containing a four-inch block of wood, four wheels, and two metal rods. Students carved, assembled, painted, and embellished their creations. In the end, there was an impressive line-up of mini racers with sleek, sanded bodies. They represented every color of the rainbow, with racing stripes and lightning bolts adorning many. -to develop the central idea of the principles of friction -to establish the importance of learning higher-level science -to describe students' cars to help readers visualize them -to explain the importance of the students' creations

-to describe students' cars to help readers visualize them

What is the purpose of the outside source used in this excerpt? In the early nineteenth century Japan had been effectively closed off from the world for 200 years. It had simply opted out of the community of nations. Kings are burning somewhere, Wheels are turning somewhere, Trains are being run, Wars are being won, Things are being done Somewhere out there, not here. Here we paint screens. Yes . . . the arrangement of the screens. This is Stephen Sondheim's musical tableau of the secluded and calmly self-contained country in 1853, just before American gunships forced its harbours to open to the world. It is a witty caricature of the dreamy and aesthetic Japanese, serenely painting screens while across the seas Europe and America industrialize and political turmoil rages. -to illustrate Japan's isolation in the 1800s -to educate readers about Japanese screens -to introduce readers to a musical by Stephen Sondheim -to argue against American aggressiveness

-to illustrate Japan's isolation in the 1800s

Why does the author include this description of the penny in beginning of the chapter? This object has on it the image of a king, but this particular example has been appropriated by women - disfigured by a slogan as an act of female protest against the laws of the state. It is a British penny with King Edward VII in elegant profile, but his image has been defaced in what was then a criminal act. Stamped all over the king's head in crude capitals are the words VOTES FOR WOMEN. -to emphasize for the reader the difference between modern currency and the British currency of that time period -to make the reader wonder about what was featured on the other side of the penny -to make the reader visualize the coin and become interested in learning more about the culturally significant artifact -to explain to the reader how women of this time period were negatively affected by most laws

-to make the reader visualize the coin and become interested in learning more about the culturally significant artifact

Why does the author end the paragraph with a question? Each year between April and October, millions of baseball fans head out to fields across America to watch their favorite teams compete against each other. But how and when did baseball become recognized as the national sport of the United States? -to make the reader understand how baseball became a national pastime for many Americans -to make the reader wonder how baseball became the national sport of the United States -to make the reader guess which baseball teams are the most popular in the United States -to make the reader curious about which teams will most likely win in the next baseball season

-to make the reader wonder how baseball became the national sport of the United States

Why does MacGregor begin the chapter on the slit drum with facts about Horatio Herbert Kitchener? Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, was one of the media stars of the First World War. The famous recruitment poster has him pointing straight at us in full uniform, finger in the foreground, handlebar moustache not far behind, with the words 'Your country needs YOU'. By then Kitchener was already legendary as Kitchener of Khartoum, and this Central African wooden drum, which he captured and presented to Queen Victoria in 1898, just after his army had killed around 11,000 Sudanese soldiers in the Battle of Omdurman, is part of how he earned his title. -to make the reader wonder how the slit drum helped make Kitchener famous -to make the reader guess what Kitchener looked like -to make the reader wonder what Queen Victoria thought about Kitchener -to make the reader understand why Kitchener captured the slit drum

-to make the reader wonder how the slit drum helped make Kitchener famous

Which best explains why a writer might revise the second sentence to use passive voice? Original version: Have you heard about the movie Return of the Robots? A movie studio will release this exciting new film tomorrow. Revised version: Have you heard about the movie Return of the Robots? This exciting new film will be released tomorrow. -to make it clear that the movie studio is performing the action of the verb -to intentionally conceal the name of the film -to put more emphasis on the film itself, rather than on the movie studio -to help the reader better understand how movie studios operate

-to put more emphasis on the film itself, rather than on the movie studio

What is the purpose of the outside source used in this excerpt? Here's a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor: Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render such return unnecessary, by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific overtures contained in the president's letter . . . This was textbook gunboat diplomacy, and it worked. Japanese resistance melted, and very quickly the Japanese embraced the new economic model, becoming energetic players in the international markets they had been forced to join. They began to think differently about the sea that surrounded them, and their awareness of the possible opportunities in the world beyond grew fast. -to show how strongly the American president insisted Japan participate in international trade -to show how the Japanese government isolated the country from trade with other nations -to educate readers about traditional art in Japan -to educate readers about American ships near Japan

-to show how strongly the American president insisted Japan participate in international trade

When a writer does not know who performed the action in a sentence, the writer can still write a grammatically correct sentence by -using the active voice. -using the passive voice. -ending the sentence with an infinitive. -ending the sentence with a preposition.

-using the passive voice.

When do listeners benefit from listening? Check all that apply. -when the narrator emphasizes key words -when they analyze text features on their own -when the narrator pauses for effect -when they reread text for clarity -when sound effects are used

-when the narrator emphasizes key words -when the narrator pauses for effect -when sound effects are used

Which techniques are used to engage a reader? Check all that apply. -using a quotation -providing a conclusion -giving an anecdote -presenting a series of interesting facts -asking a thought-provoking question

Combos its not: ~-giving an anecdote -presenting a series of interesting facts -asking a thought-provoking question

How does Geijer's comment support MacGregor's point? As it got cheaper, tea also spread rapidly to the working classes. By 1800, as foreigners remarked, it was the new national drink. By 1900 the average tea consumption per person in Britain was a staggering 6 lbs (3 kilograms) a year. In 1809 the Swede Erik Gustav Geijer commented: Next to water, tea is the Englishman's proper element. All classes consume it . . . in the morning one may see in many places small tables set up under the open sky, around which coal-carters and workmen empty their cups of delicious beverage. -It describes the way tea became popular in Great Britain. -It shows how many wars were started as tea became desired. -It illustrates the popularity of tea in Britain during the 1800s. -It argues that tea is not originally from Great Britain.

NOT: -It describes the way tea became popular in Great Britain.

How does the author's hook engage the reader? In the early nineteenth century Japan had been effectively closed off from the world for 200 years. It had simply opted out of the community of nations. Kings are burning somewhere, Wheels are turning somewhere, Trains are being run, Wars are being won, Things are being done In the early nineteenth century -It gives the reader detailed information about the subject that will be discussed at length in the passage. -It makes the reader wonder how the quotation from the poem relates to the topic of the passage. -It interests the reader into figuring out what was happening in Japan over 200 hundred years ago. -It makes the reader understand the cultural atmosphere in Japan in the early nineteenth century.

NOT: -It interests the reader into figuring out what was happening in Japan over 200 hundred years ago. -It gives the reader detailed information about the subject that will be discussed at length in the passage.

Which statement best describes how the image reinforces the text? There are several hundred Benin plaques now in European and American museums, and they offer us a remarkable picture of the structure of this West African kingdom. Their main subject is the glorification of the Oba and of his prowess as a hunter and soldier, but they also tell us how the people of Benin saw their first European trading partners. -The image adds interest to the text by offering a glimpse of the plaques. -The image tells a story about a day in the life of Benin culture. -The photograph supports the description of the Oba's role in society. -The photograph engages the reader by revealing minute artistic detail.

NOT: -The image adds interest to the text by offering a glimpse of the plaques. (?) -The photograph supports the description of the Oba's role in society. (?) -The image tells a story about a day in the life of Benin culture.

In an audio version, stressing the word "branding" would do what for the listener? This thinning would materially change the sound of the drum, evidence that although it might continue to be used for its original purpose of music-making or calling people to arms, it would now do so with a different voice. A musical instrument had become a trophy, and the new carvings were in fact branding, a statement of the north's political dominance over Central Africa and of allegiance to Islam.The drum had come to Khartoum at a critical moment in Sudanese history. -emphasize the word's importance and the idea that follows -add emphasis to the following sentence -signal that something important has just been repeated -add emphasis to the preceding sentence

NOT: -add emphasis to the preceding sentence