culture & society ch 10

Which of the following describe an extended family?

Typically the members get together for occasional family gatherings. It includes three or more generations. It includes relatives who might not live in the same house.

descent groups

a group based on belief in shared ancestry

expanded family household

a household that includes a group of relatives other than, or in addition to, a married couple and their children

extended family household

a household with three or more generations

A clan believes that all its members are descended from an intelligent coyote or another animal or plant. This is an example of

a totem.

A genealogical kin type is

a way of specifying the exact relationship between two people in a family. more specific than a kin term. designated by letters and symbols on genealogical charts.

A kin term is

a word that describes a relative. less specific than a genealogical kin type. often used in a broad sense that encompasses several individuals.

To endure, descent groups need to keep at least some of their members

at home

The _____ associated with industrialism works to fragment kinship groups larger than the nuclear family.

geographic mobility

The basic rule for inclusion in a unilineal descent group is that

lifetime membership is automatically given to each child born to a parent who belongs to that group.

The difference between a clan and a lineage is

lineage membership is demonstrated, whereas clan membership is only claimed (stipulated).

Anyone on the direct line of descent that leads to and from ego, such as an ancestor or descendant, is known as a(n) ______ relative.

lineal

Any branch of a descent group that lives in one place is a _____ descent group.

local

Which of the following reflect trends in the United States, Canada, and other industrial nations since 1980?

smaller living units smaller families

In North American society, which of the following is often the only well-defined kin group?

family of procreation

What is the term for a family that consists of a spouse and children?

family of procreation

Statistics suggest that the growing isolation from kin in the United States might be

unprecedented in human history.

Matrilateral skewing most often takes place in which of the following situations?

when the wife manages more of the family's affairs than the husband does when children are raised by the mother without the father

Which is NOT a lineal relative?

your brother

Which of the following are traits of a foraging society such as the Shoshoni?

A married couple joins a band in which at least one of them has relatives. Married couples don't usually reside neolocally. Couples and families can move from one band to another.

Anthropologists have discovered that there is a limited number of patterns by which people classify their kin. How many main ways are there of classifying kin on the parental generation?

4

When comparing family relationships in the United States and Brazil, we notice which of the following?

Because middle-class Americans normally lack a readily available extended family support system, marriage assumes more importance. Brazilians do not regard their spouse as a member of their family, whereas Americans do. A Brazilian's family includes his/her parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and children.

Which of the following describe a nuclear family?

It includes parents. It includes children. Usually its members live together in the same household.

Which of the following are true of generational kinship terminology?

It uses the same term for parents and their siblings. It merges the mother's and father's sides, for example using just one term for father, father's brother, and mother's brother. It uses only two terms for the parental generation.

Which of the following are reasons anthropologists study kinship systems?

Many societies are organized mainly by kinship. The world's cultures display an interesting diversity in their kinship systems. Kinship is important to the people being studied.

Which of the following apply to ambilineal descent groups?

Membership is by choice. All members of the group descend from a common ancestor. People can belong to the descent group of any or all of their grandparents.

Which of the following factors have contributed to the decline in traditional nuclear family households in the United States?

More women are working at paid jobs and delaying marriage, or not marrying at all. More parents are raising children without a spouse. More people are living alone.

Which of the following factors have contributed to the decline in traditional nuclear family households in the United States?

More women are working at paid jobs and delaying marriage, or not marrying at all. More people are living alone. More parents are raising children without a spouse.

Which of the following societies is correctly matched with the named custom?

Moso and tisese

Which of the following are true about the Moso of southwestern China and their tisese system?

Moso marriages occur mostly in sparsely-populated mountain areas. The Moso are matrilineal and prefer to live in matrilocal extended-family households. Their dominant form of sexual and reproductive union is a visiting system.

Which of the following statements about bifurcate merging kinship terminology are true?

Mother and mother's sister are merged under the same term. The mother's side and father's side are split.

Which of the following are the main ways of classifying kin on the parental generation?

People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin. Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family. Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father.

Because culture affects the way kinship is calculated, which of the following are true?

Some societies believe a child can have more than one biological father. People who are not blood relatives can sometimes be regarded socially as kin. Some societies do not consider all blood relatives to be part of the family.

Which of the following illustrate how a descent group typically manages its ancestral estate?

The descent group passes its estate down through the generations. Unilineal descent and unilocal postmarital residence ensure that about half the people born in each generation can spend their lives on the estate. Descent and residence rules require some members to continue living on the estate after marriage.

Which of the following are true in the Muslim zadruga family system of Bosnia?

The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments. Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father.

Which of the following are true in the Muslim zadruga family system of Bosnia?

The household included the senior couple's unmarried sons and daughters. Several married couples lived in the house of the husbands' father. Possessions were shared by the entire family, even a bride's wedding garments.

True or false: Membership in an ambilineal descent group is automatic, based on the father's line of ancestry.

false

Relatives by marriage, whether of lineals or of collaterals, are known as . (Watch your spelling!)

affinals

The family of procreation includes which of the following?

an individual's children an individual's spouse

What is the term for the ancestor who stands at the top of a common genealogy?

apical

In the Bible, Jews and Arabs both descended from Abraham. This makes Abraham the ______ of both Jews and Arabs.

apical ancestor

Which of the following are the basic social units of traditional foraging societies?

band nuclear family

People who belong to the same descent group

can live in more than one community. claim to have the same ancestors.

Middle-class Americans usually consider which of the following to be their "family"?

children spouse or partner

A ___________ is usually larger than a lineage.

clan

If people can name their forebears in each generation from the apical ancestor through the present, they have what kind of descent?

demonstrated

Among nonindustrial food producers (e.g. farmers and herders), a common and widespread unit of social organization is the

descent group.

In the Nayar matrilineal society of India,

descent was traced through the family of the mother, not the father.

With unilineal descent, groups typically trace their ancestry through

either the female or the male line.

What is the term for marrying outside one's own group?

exogamy

What is the term for a family household that includes three or more generations?

extended family household

What does "ego" mean in Latin?

i or me

Setting up a residence some distance away from parents ("neolocality")

is characteristic of many industrial societies. often results from moving to where a desirable job is located. is a common pattern for middle-class couples in the United States.

In a matrilineal society, the man does which of the following?

is often concerned that his wife might be promiscuous cares for his sisters and their children as well as for his own wife and children depends on his sisters' children to continue his family lineage

A person's family of orientation

is the family in which that person is born and grows up.

In the United States, most people believe in bilateral kinship, which means

kin links are traced equally through males and females, with each perceived to be similar or equivalent.

The social construction of ___________________ illustrates considerable diversity and understanding its systems has become an essential part of anthropology because of the importance of those systems to the people we study.

kinship

The system that people in a particular society use to recognize and categorize kinship relationships is called

kinship calculation

What is the term for your closest female relatives on your mother's side?

matrikin

Unlike middle-class couples in industrial nations, foragers don't usually reside___________

neolocally

Although the nuclear family remains a cultural ideal in the United States, approximately how many U.S. households actually fall into this category?

one in five

How long does a nuclear family last?

only as long as the parents and children remain together

In a Muslim zadruga family system, people were most apt to socialize with

others of the same age and gender.

In which of the following types of societies is descent-group organization characteristic?

pastoral agricultural horticultural

When people join their fathers' groups automatically at birth and are lifetime members, they are practicing what kind of descent?

patrilineal

A married couple resides in the community where the husband's father lives, so that their children can grow up there. This is an example of

patrilocality.

In a patrilineal society, a woman typically does which of the following?

raises her children in her husband's community has reduced responsibility toward her parents and siblings, compared with toward her husband, children, and in-laws leaves home when she marries

In the lineal kinship system, the number 3 and the color light blue stand for the term

societies with unilineal descent rules and unilocal postmarital residence rules

A man belongs to a clan that says all its members are descended from a fabled king who lived ten thousand years ago and was the son of a mermaid. This is an example of ______ descent.

stipulated

If people claim they are descended from certain people, but they don't try to specify actual genealogical links generation by generation, they are claiming what kind of descent?

stipulated

What is the term for residential compounds in the Nayar society of southern India?

tarawads

Which of the following would be considered nuclear families?

the family formed when a person marries and has children a same-sex couple and their children the family a person was born into, including his/her parents and siblings

Which of the following would be considered nuclear families?

the family formed when a person marries and has children the family a person was born into, including his/her parents and siblings a same-sex couple and their children

neolocality

the living situation in which a couple establishes new residence

family of procreation

the nuclear family established when one marries and has children

family of orientation

the nuclear family in which one is born and grows up

North Americans may lack close ties with relatives beyond their nuclear families because

they are geographically