DUAL ENROLLMENT ANATOMY MIDTERM!!!!

The myosin filaments are located in the ________.

A band

greenstick break

An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children

The stomach is _________ to the spine

Anterior

action potential

Called a nerve impulse when transmitted.

Where are the arteries, veins and heart found

Cardiovascular system

Erythema

Characteristic redness caused by a suburn

Cutaneous membrane

Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Blood

Contains a fluid matrix called plasma

tetanus

Continued sustained smooth contraction dur to rapid stimulation.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. a. Body erect b. Arms at sides c. Palms turned posteriorly d. Thumbs pointed laterally

C. palms turned posteriorly

a chain of 250 amino acids would be called a: A. Peptide B. Nucleotide C. Protein D. Starch

C. protein

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a: A. Suture B. Syndesmosis C. Symphysis D. Gomphosis

C. symphysis

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the: A. rRNA B. mRNA C. tRNA

C. tRNA

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A. Oxygen B. Protein C. Water D. Hydrogen

C. water

A function of mitosis is: a. The formation of sex cells b. Growth and cell replacement. c. To create diversity in genetic potential. d. All of the above.

Growth and cell replacement

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? E. Appendix F. Stomach G. Liver H. None of the above are correct

None of the above are correct

Prophase

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate

Adipose tissue

Provides insulation for the body

T/f: Sweat glands are merocrine glands.

True

t/f: Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

True

t/f: the orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

True

Skeletal muscles need no nerve stimulation for concentration to occur.

false / need nerve stimulation

Synarthrotic joints exhibit movement.

false / no movement

The ligament that unites the tibia and fibula is an example of a synchondrosis.

false / syndesmosis

As with the cerebral cortex, the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with the contralateral (opposite side) of the body

false!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The term "osteoid" refers to the organic part of the matrix of bones.

true

nasal is

nose bone

coccyx

tailbone

Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

The term "aponeurosis" refers to: A. The bands of myofibrils. B. An indirect attachement to a skeletal element. C. The rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. The tropomyosin-troponin complex.

B. An indirect attachement to a skeletal element.

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as: A. Exocrine B. Endocrine C. Sebaceous D. Ceruminous

B) endocrine

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include: A. The dermis provides a major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances, B. Resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system. C. Cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high temperature conditions. D. Epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir.

B) resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include: A. The dermis provides a major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances, B. Resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system. C. Cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high temperature conditions. D. Epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir.

B) resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Acne is a disorder associated with:

B) sebaceous glands

The subarachnoid spice lies between what two layers of meninges: A. Arachnoid B. Arachnoid and pia C. Arachnoid dura D. Dura and epidura

B. Arachnoid and pia

Peroxisomes: A. Also called microbodies, contain acid hydrolases. B. Are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action. C. Function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis. D. Sometimes function as secretory vesicles

B. Are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action.

Fibrous proteins A. Rarely exhibit secondary structure. B. Are very stable and insoluble in water. C. Are usually called enzymes. D. Are cellular catalysts.

B. Are very stable and insoluble in water

a solution which has a ph of 10 could be best as being Highly acidic Basic Neutral Slightly acidic

B. Basic

Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? A. Live cells B. Blood vessels C. Organic fibers

B. Blood vessels

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a: A. Centrosome B. Centriole C. Chromosome D. Ribosome

B. Centriole

The arbor vitae refers to: A. Cerebellar grey matter B. Cerebellar white matter C. The palatalize convolutions of the cerebellum D. Floculonodular nodes

B. Cerebellar white matter

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all the following locations with the exception of the: A. Corpus callosum B. Cerebral cortex C. Corticospinal tracts D. The outer surface of the spinal cord

B. Cerebral cortex

The function of commissures is to connect: A. Adjacent areas of grey matter within a cerebral hemisphere B. Corresponding areas of the two hemispheres C. Areas of cortex with lower centers D. Pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells

B. Corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

A coronal plane through the head: A. Could pass through both the nose and the occipital regions. B. Could pass through both ears. C. Must pass through the mouth. D. Could lie in a horizontal plane.

B. Could pass through both ears.

Which statement is not true concerning characteristics of life? A. All body cells exhibit irritability to some extent. B. Each organ system is isolated from all other body systems. C. Growth can be an increase in size due to an increase in the number of cells. D. Reproduction occurs on both the cellular and organismal level

B. Each organ system is isolated from all other body systems

Which of these surrounds the individual muscle cell? A. Perimysium B. Endomysium C. Epimysium D. Fascicle

B. Endomysium

Which of these organs would not be cut by a section through the midsagittal plane of the body? A. Urinary bladder B. Gallbladder C. Small intestine D. Heart

B. Gallbladder

An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATP per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is: A. The citric acid cycle B. Glycolysis C. Fermentation D. Electron transport chain

B. Glycolysis

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium? A. Microvilli B. Golgi bodies C. Lysosomes D. Multiple nuclei

B. Golgi bodies

Which of the following is characteristic of epithelial tissue? A. Highly vascularized B. Has a basement membrane C. Is usually acellular D. All of the above

B. Has a basement membrane

Which of the following is not a usual result of exercise? A. Increase in efficiency of the respiratory system B. Increase in the number of muscle cells C. Increase in the efficiency of the circulatory system

B. Increase in the number of muscle cells

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. A. Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. B. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable. C. Granulation tissue is another name for blood clot. D. Both B and C are correct.

B. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

The spinal cord has grey matter on the: A. Outside, white matter on the inside and dorsal motor root B. Inside, white matter on the outside, and ventral motor root C. Inside, white matter on the outside, and dorsal motor root D. Outside, white mater on the inside, and central motor root

B. Inside, white matter on the outside, and ventral motor root

The functional role of the T tubules is to: A. Stabilize the G and F actin. B. Insure cellular communication during muscle contraction. C. Hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle. D. Synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction.

B. Insure cellular communication during muscle contraction.

Bone growth (lengthwise) during infancy and youth is exclusively through: A. The secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity B. Interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates C. Differentiation of osteoclasts D. Calcification of the matrix

B. Interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include: A. The patellar ligament extending from femur to patella. B. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements. C. The oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly. D. Cruciate ligaments which help secure the articulating bones together.

B. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements.

The frontal lobe is separates from the temporal lobes by the: A. Longitudinal fissure B. Lateral sulcus C. Central sulcus D. Cranial fossa

B. Lateral sulcus

The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the: A. Central fissure B. Longitudinal fissure C. Parieto-occipital fissure D. Lateral fissure

B. Longitudinal fissure

The brain stem consists of the: A. Cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B. Midbrain, medulla, and pons C. Pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D. Midbrain only

B. Midbrain, medulla, and pons

In what way does the interior surface of the cell membrane of a resting (non-conducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is: A. Positively charged and contains less sodium B. Negatively charged and contains less sodium C. Negatively charged and contains more sodium D. Positively charged and contains more sodium

B. Negatively charged and contains less sodium

Isotopes of the same element have the same A. Number of neutrons but different number of protons. B. Number of protons but different numbers of neutron. C. Atomic weight. D. Mass number.

B. Number of protons but different numbers of nitrogen

When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as: A. Circumduction B. Plantar flexion C. Pronation D. Protraction

B. Plantar flexion

The term inversion and eversion pertain only to the A. hands B. the feet C. the arms D. the legs

B. the feet

The following items are involved in the manufacture of proteins in a human cell. Place them in correct sequence: A. tRNA B. DNA C. mRNA D. Ribosomes E. Nuclear pores A. B, C, E, D, A B. B, C, A, E, D C. E, B, C, D, A D. C, B, E, A, D

B, C, E, D, A

Select the most correct statement about nucleic acids A. Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, TDNA. B. DNA is a long double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides. C. RNA is a long single-stranded molecule made of the nucleotides A, T, G, C. D. TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA.

B, DNA is a long double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides

Which of the following planes could result in sections containing both lungs and the heart? 1. Frontal 2. Transverse 3. Sagittal A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 C. 1, 2, and 3 D. 2 only

B. 1 and 2

The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue): 1. Contains adipose tissue. 2. Contains dense connective tissue. 3. Binds the dermis to underlying organs A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3

B. 1 and 3

The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue): 1. Contains adipose tissue. 2. Contains dense connective tissue. 3. Binds the dermis to underlying organs. A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3

B. 1 and 3

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 C. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 4, 3, 5

B. 2, 1, 4, 3, t5

Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their size, speed, and endurance. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represent the use of red fibers? A. A sprint by an olympic runner B. A long, relaxing swim C. A game of singles in tennis D. All of the above

B. A long, relaxing swim

Mesenchyme

Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues

Thyroid gland is apart of what system

Endocrine

Which of the following is true about epithelia? A. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. B. Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. C. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. D. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

What region contains majority of the stomach

Epigastric

Lysosomes

Essentially sacs of digestive enzymes, often called "suicide sacs" because they have the ability to destroy the cell itself

Body hair on humans serves to keep the epidermis protected from harm and is located at strategic points on the body. Removal or loss of body hair could be dangerous.

False

Most connective tissue have regenerative capacity while most epithelial tissues do not

False

T/f: Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of elastic cartilage.

False

The organ known as skin has no metabolic functions whatsoever, because its only known function is protection.

False

The stratum corneum (outermost later of skin) is a zone of approximately 4 layers of viable cells that are able to synthesize proteins that keep the outer layer of skin soft and smooth.

False

t/f: DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication

False

T/F: the elbow is proximal to the wrist

False Elbow is distal

T/F: the right hypogastric region contains the majority of the stomach

False The epigastric region does

(T/F) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity os called visceral peritoneum

False Called the parietal peritoneum

T/F: Although oxygen and water and essential to life, atmospheric pressure is not really important to sustain human life

False It's important!!!!!

t/f: diffusion is always from areas of lesser to areas of greater concentrate

False (greater to lesser)

(T/F) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to decrease the original stimulus

False (increase) Neg feedback decreases

T/f: Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has one-half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

False (same number of chromosomes)

Langerhans cells arise from the dermis and work together with melanocytes to protect the skin from the UV rays.

False /

T/F In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts

False / -100 millivolts

When a patient is said to have "third degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third of the body.

False / all body is burned

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.

False / blisters indicate second degree burns

t/f: the spindle is formed by the migration of the chromatin

False / centrioles

The membrane that forms the outermost layer of the heart is the: A. Visceral pleura B. Visceral peritoneum C. Parietal pericardium D. Visceral pericardium E. Parietal pleura

D. Visceral Pericardium

Factors that increase the stability of some synovial joints include: A. The articular surfaces (e.g., ball-and-socket joints). B. Large number of ligaments. C. Constant low level muscles contraction (muscle tone). D. All of the above.

D. all of the above

The hypothalamus: A. Is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature B. Contains feeding and hunger centers C. Contains neurons sensitive to the solute concentration of the blood D. All of the above

D. all of the above

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood? A. Thyroid hormone B. Somatomedins C. Prolactin D. Growth hormone

D. growth hormone

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of most bones in the embryo? A. Elastic connective tissue B. Dense fibrous connective tissue C. Fibro cartilage D. Hyaline cartilage

D. hyaline cartilage

On the basis of structural classification, which joint contains fibrous connective tissue? A. Symphysis B. Synchondrosis C. Pivot D. Syndesmosis

D. syndesmosis

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called: A. Tibial collateral ligaments B. Patellar ligaments C. Anterior ligaments D. Cruciate ligaments

D.Cruciate ligaments

Cardiovasular

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissue

Nucleoli

Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA

T/f: The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

False / direction of collagen fibers

Arrector pili muscles are associated with each gland

False / hair

T/f: Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

False / holocrine

Langerhans cells arise from the dermis and work together with melanocytes to protect the skin from the UV rays.

False / immune system

The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.

False / keratin is the outermost layer

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is because of the predominantly large number of melanocytes present in the underlying dermis.

False / large number of capillaries present

T/f: Cartilage tissue tends to heal more rapidly than bone tissue

False / less rapidly

Keratinocytes produce melanin, the polymer responsible for protecting the skin from damage from UV light.

False / melanocytes

T/f: Most exocrine glands in humans are apocrine glands.

False / merocrine

T/F Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities

False / mesothelium

t/f: the genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules

False / nucleotide bases

T/F A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called pinocytosis

False / phagocytosis

T/f: Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle.

False / presence of cardiac muscle

Destruction of the matrix of the hair bulb would result in inability to produce oil

False / produce hair

The pigment we observe in our hair is not produced by the same cells that produce the pigment observed in our skin.

False / produced by the same cells

The epidermis is highly vascularized, accounting for the often pink color in the cheeks of babies.

False / the dermis

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the vasculature in the skin will dilate so that blood and heat will be dissipated.

False / the vasculature I'm the skin will constrict and heat is conserved

Because body hair seems to serve no important function, there are no nerve endings associated with it and therefore no sensation from any stimulation is felt.

False / there are nerve endings

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

False the skin is able to receive stimuli because there are sensory receptors

Matrix is: a. Cells and fibers. b. Fibers and ground substance. c. Ground substance and cells. d. All of the above.

Fibers and ground substance

aponeurosis

Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves

Reticular connective tissue

Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen

Endoplasmic reticulum

Forms proteins to be secreted or inserted into membranes- one type also synthesizes steroids, lipids, etc.

Hyaline cartilage

Forms the embryonic skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones

Where is cardiac cells found

Forms the walls of the heart

Where are smooth muscles found

Found in the walls of hollow organs

sartorius location

Front of thigh

What body region is the buttock located in

Gluteal region

Bone

Has calcium salts in the matrix

Microtubules

Hollow cytoskeleton elements that acts as organizers for the cytoskeleton

multiple motor unit summation

How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced.

contains only the actin filaments

I band

Broca's area: A. Corresponds to Brodmann area 8 B. Is usually found in the right hemisphere C. Serves the recognition of complex objects D. Is considered a motor speech area

Is considered a motor speech area

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A. It is composed mostly of extracellular tissue. B. Its primary function is nutrient storage. C. Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D. Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.

Its primary function is nutrient storage.

where does the spinal cord end

L1-L2

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? A. Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces. B. The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. C. The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. D. Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.

Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.

What type of cells does skeletal muscles have

Large multinucleate cells with striations

Endothelium

Lines blood vessels and the heart

Mesothelium

Lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities

Rough ER in Neurons are called?

Nissl bodies

Can all connective tissue regenerate

No. Some can, but others can't.

What body region is the knee located in

Patellar region

absolute refractory period

Period during which the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.

Acetylcholine

Released at motor end plates by the axonal endings, a neurotransmitter substance.

Lymphatic

Remove and filters excess fluid from tissue

Where is the trachea, bronchi and alveoli found

Respiratory system

Nervous

Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses

Urinary

Ride the body of nitrogen containing wastes

Centrioles

Serves as "seeds" from which microtubules sprout

calcium ions

Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.

Reproductive

Site of fetal development

What type of cells do smooth muscles have

Spindle shaped uninucleate cells

Types of cardiac cells

Striations, branching cells

Elastic cartilage

Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility

Mucous membrane

The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior; found in lining the digestive and respiratory tracts

Serous membrane

The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body; makes up the pleura and pericardium

sudoriferous glands

The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation

Piamater

The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate, contains many blood vessels.

depolarazation

The inside of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.

Stratum corneum

The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.

Stratum germinativum (basale)

The layer that contains that mitotic viable cells of the epidermis

What does the right hypochondriac contain

The liver

Keratinocytes

The most abundant cells of the epidermis.

impacted break

a fracture in which one bone fragment is driven into the other

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains E. The lowest possible energy usage. F. A relatively stable internal environment, within limits. G. A static state with no deviation from present points. H. A changing state, within an unlimited range.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

wave summation

The situation in which contractions because stronger due to a rapid stimulation rate. Partial relaxation occurs between contractions.

arachnoid mater

The weblike, spidery middle meningeal layer.

hypothalamus

This area is the main visceral control center of the body.

Prefrontal area

This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgement, and conscience

What body region is the chest located in

Thoracic region

The dermis is a strong and flexible connective tissue later that literally binds the body together.

True

The nail is actually a modification of the skin and corresponds to the hooves of animals.

True

The outer protective layer of the skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

True

The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis

True

The skin has a surface of 1.5-2 square meters.

True

t/f: Epithelial tissue lacks vascular supply.

True

t/f: Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

True

t/f: Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein actin.

True

t/f: chromatin consists of DNA and proteins

True

t/f: facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein

True

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be: A. TGCAA B. ACGTT C. UGCAA D. GUACC

UGCAA

Where are the kidneys, bladder and uterus found

Urinary system

creatine phosphate

Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high energy phosphate group. A reserve high energy compound.

Skeletal muscles are voluntary or involuntary

Voluntary. You control its actions.

Do all epithelia regenerate

Yes

A sarcomere is the distance between two

Z lines

Ionic bond

a bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved

all-or-none phenomenon

action potentials either happen completely, or not at all

A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates is referred to as a

motor unit!!!

neutron

neutral subatomic particle

The process of bringing a solid substance into the cell is known as ____________________.

phagocytosis

the finger bone is

phalanges

the frontal lobe is responsible for

seat of intelligence, subtract reasoning

deltoid location

shoulder

infraspinatus location

shoulder

movement at what joint has a lot of motion

shoulder

teres major location

shoulder

scalpel is the

shoulder blade

the partial lobe is responsible for

taste

auditory area location

temporal lobe

mass

the amount of matter in an object. does not change.

The oligodendrocytes are branched cells of the CNS.

true

The ratio of brain weight to body weight is about the same for men and women.

true

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

true

The visual sensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the occipital lobe.

true

Three types of movement known as angular movements are flexion, hyperextension, and extension.

true

Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential between these two points.

true

Whereas skeletal muscle cells are electrically-isolated, smooth muscle cells appear to be electrically-coupled by gap junctions.

true

a mover of the arm would be the deltoid

true

t/f: elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

true

t/f: lipids are a good source of stored energy

true

t/f: most of the mass of an atom is concentrated within the nucleus

true

the diaphragm is involved for breathing

true

the serrates anterior muscle moves the arm

true

ilium

upper area of your hips

maxilla is

upper jaw bone

extensor carpi radialis longus location

wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris location

wrist

flexor carpi radialis location

wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris location

wrist

palmaris longus location

wrist

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the: A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Chondrocyte

b. osteoblast

Comminuted

bone fragments into many pieces

tibialis anterior location

front of lower leg

Somatic motor cortex is located

frontal lobe

motor speech area is located where

frontal lobe

premotor area location

frontal lobe

Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified: A. Structurally into alveolar and acinar types. B. Structurally into ductless and ducted types. C. Functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions. D. All of the above are correct.

functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions

If a splinter penetrated the skin in to the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged A. Granulosum B. Basale C. Lucidum D. Spinosum

granulosum

The three main components of connective tissue are: A. Ground substance, fibers, and cells. B. Alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells. C. Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D. Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts.

ground substance, fibers, and cells

calcaneus

heel bone

gastrocneumius location

foot

peroneus longus location

foot

what joint can only do eversion movements

foot

synovial joints

freely moveable joints

where do motor impulses generate

from the frontal lobe

energy can be measured only by its effects on:

matter

rhomboid major

shoulders

The dermis composes the major portion of the skin.

True

extensor digitorum longus location

anterior leg

rectus femoris location

anterior thigh

vastus lateralis location

anterior thigh

Number of electrons equals the number of ________

Protons

Ribosomes

The actual site of protein synthesis

The stratum corneum has how many layers

25 LAYERS OF DEAD CELLS

The stratum corneum has how many layers

5-30

bone tissue is formed in the human embryo

6 weeks

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens? A. A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein. B. A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material. C. The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged. D. Oxygen enters the vacuole and "burns" the enclosed solid material.

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

thalamus

A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei

aerobic respiration

A metabolic pathway which provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used. Products are water and carbon dioxide and ATP. Large amounts of ATP are produced slowly.

The endocrine system is made up of what

Adrenal glands, pancreas and pituitary

The spindle is formed by the migration of

Centrioles

What has stronger bonds covalent or ionic

Covalent

What cavity is the brain located in

Cranial cavity

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

Resting membrane potential is

-100 millivolts

Connective tissue proper includes: A. Loose, dense, bone, and cartilage B. Adipose tissue C. Bone and cartilage only D. Bone, cartilage, and blood

. Adipose tissue

How much of our bodies are made up of water

60-80%

Keratinocytes are the most important of the epidermal cells because: A. They produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties. B. They are able to transform from living cells to plasma membranes and still function. C. They are able to reproduce rapidly. D. They are a powerful defense against the damaging UV rays.

A) produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties

Cartilaginous joints 1. can be synathrotic or ampiarthrotic 2. contain a joint cavity 3. are lined with serious membrane

A. 1 only

Which of the following athletic endeavors best represent the use of white fibers? A. A sprint by an Olympic runner B. A long, relaxing swim C. A game of doubles in tennis D. None of the above

A. A sprint by an Olympic runner

Muscle tone is: A. A state of sustained partial contraction. B. The feeling of well-being following exercise. C. The ability of a muscle to efficiently cause skeletal movements. D. The condition of athletes after intensive training.

A. A state of sustained partial contraction.

When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body, along the frontal plane, it is called: A. abduction B. adduction C. Circumdiction D. dorsiflexion

A. Abduction

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movements are A. Amphiarthroses B. Synarthroses C. Diarthroses D. Synovial joints

A. Amphiarthroses

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called: A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Neurolemma D. Schwann cell

A. Axon

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian canal) is the site of: A. Blood vessels and nerve fibers B. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts C. Yellow marrow and spicules D. Cartilage and interstitial lammellae

A. Blood vessels and nerve fibers

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called: A. Bursae B. Menisci C. Ligaments D. Tendons

A. Bursae

In an isotonic contraction, the muscle: A. Changes in length and moves the "load" B. Does not change in length but increases tension C. Never converts pyruvate to lactate D. Rapidly resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP

A. Changes in length and moves the "load"

The term " closed reduction" in bone mending refers to: A. Coaxing bone ends back to their normal position by manipultation. B. Surgically securing the bone ends with pins. C. Surgically removing the damaged part of the bone and replacing it with fibrocartilage. D. Injecting the bone with TPC (a biodegradable ceramic substance) because osteoblasts will lay down bone matrix in this substance.

A. Coaxing bone ends back to their normal position by manipultation.

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tisue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior surface has a structure called: A. Dermal papillae B. Hair follicles C. Ceruminous glands D. Reticular papillae

A. Dermal papillae

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the: A. Diaphysis B. Metaphysis C. Epiphysis D. Articular cartilage

A. Diaphysis

The rough, leathery meningeal later is the: A. Dura mater B. Subarachnoid C. Arachnoid D. Pia mater

A. Dura mater

Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by: A. Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissues of joints. B. A disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints. C. A thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production. D. A bacterial infection in the bursae.

A. Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissues of joints.

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: A. Fat B. Blood forming cells C. Elastic tissue D. Bile

A. Fat

Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are? A. Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis. B. Fingernails are identical to hair but contain ten times as much keratin. C. Fingernails are extensions of the carpal bones. D. Fingernails have nothing to do with skin. They are a separate tissue from a different embryonic layer.

A. Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis.

A sectional vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse

A. Frontal

The central sulcus separates which lobes? A. Frontal from parietal B. Parietal from the occipital C. Temporal from parietal D. Frontal from temporal

A. Frontal from parietal

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? A. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. B. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. C. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.

A. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere are called: A. Gyri B. Sulci C. Fissures D. Ganglia

A. Gyri

An action potential: A. Is essential for impulse propagation B. Involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane C. Is initiated by potassium ion movement D. Involves impulse propagation of dependent of chemically gated ion channels

A. Is essential for impulse propagation

Select the correct statement about isotopes: A. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in the atomic weights. B. All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons. C. All the isotopes of an element are radioactive. D. Isotopes are rare, and only occur in the heavier elements.

A. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in the atomic weights.

Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance? A. It is considered the cause of most diseases. B. The internal environment is becoming more stable. C. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D. Negative feedback mechanisms take over.

A. It is considered the cause of most diseases.

The small spaces in bone tissue which are the sites of osteocytes are called: A. Lacunae B. Volkmann's canals C. Haversian canals D. Trabeculae

A. Lacunae

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands? A. Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process. B. Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced after secretion. C. Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves. D. All of the above are correct.

A. Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

The blood brain barrier is effective against: A. Metabolic waste such as urea B. Nutrients such as glucose C. Alcohol D. Anesthetics

A. Metabolic waste such as urea

Passive membrane transport processes include: A. Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (high-to-low). B. Movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. C. Consumption of ATP. D. The use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration.

A. Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (high-to-low

Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? A. Na B. Cl C. Mg D. Ca

A. Na

The embryonic origin of all neural tissue is the: A. Neural tube B. Telencephalon C. Cerebra ventricles D. Neural crest

A. Neural tube

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? A. Osteoclasts B. Osteocytes C. Chrondrocytes D. Stem cells

A. Osteoclasts

The functional unit of compact bone is: A. Osteon B. Spongy bone C. Lamellar bone D. Osseous matrix

A. Osteon

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T-11 and L-1. This would result in: A. Paraplegia B. Hemiplegia C. Quadriplegia D. None of the above

A. Paraplegia

A patient has a ruptured appendix. What condition does the medial staff watch for? A. Peritonitis B. Pleurisy

A. Peritonitis

Which statement about enzymes is false? A. Raise activation energy needed to start a reaction. B. Are composed of protein. C. Are organic catalysts. D. May be damaged by high temperature.

A. Raise activation energy needed to start a reaction

An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the: A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Intermediate filament network D. Myofibrilar network

A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Select the correct statement about serial processing: A. Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing B. Input travels along the several different pathways C. Smells are processed by serial pathways D. Memories are triggered by serial processing

A. Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a: A. Sulcus B. Fissure C. Gyrus D. Furrow

A. Sulcus

To produce horizontal wrinkles and move eyebrows in the forehead, which of the following muscles is involve? A. The frontalis B. The zygomaticus major C. The medial pterygoid D. Temporalis

A. The frontalis

A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until: A. The membrane potential has been re-established B. The Na ions have been pumped back into the cell C. Proteins have been resynthesizes D. All of the above are correct

A. The membrane potential has been re-established

When the term "biceps, triceps, or quadriceps" forms part of a muscle's name, you can assume: A. The muscle has two, three, or four origins respectively. B. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscle, respectively. C. The muscle has two, three, or four functions respectively. D. All of the above statements are true.

A. The muscle has two, three, or four origins respectively.

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A. The reticular layer B. The subcutaneous later C. The hypodermal layer D. The papillary layer

A. The reticular layer

Hairlike structures called "canaliculi" provide an important function in compact bone. Which statement is not true concerning these structures? A. They reinforce the bone to withstand stress. B. They connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal. C. They permit the nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to another.

A. They reinforce the bone to withstand stress.

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A. To convert modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursors necessary in calcium metabolism B. To aid in the transport of materials throughout the body. C. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy D. To absorb vitamin C so that skin will not be subject to diseases

A. To convert modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursors necessary in calcium metabolism

Which statement best describes connective tissue? a. Usually contains a large amount of matrix. b. Always arranged in a single layer of cells. c. Primarily concerned with secretion. d. Usually lines a body cavity.

A. Usually contains a large amount of matrix

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is associated with A. The release of energy. B. The consumption of energy. C. a synthesis. D. Forming a larger molecule.

A. release of energy

An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a: A. Suture B. Condyle C. Cartilaginous joint D. Synovial joint

A. suture

What cavity is the intestines located in

Abdominopelvic

What cavity is the uterus located in

Abdominopelvic cavity

Holocrine glands

Accumulate secretions until they rupture

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps? A. Arrector integument B. Arrector pili C. Levator folliculi D. Arrector folliculi

B) arrector pili

The anatomical position is used: A. Rarely, because people dont usually assume this position. B. As a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body. C. Only when a body is lying down. D. As the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a cadaver.

B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the: A. Spinal cord B. Primary motor cortex C. Rubrospinal tracts

B. Primary motor cortex

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are: A. Common due to the weight-bearing the hip endures. B. Rare because of the ligament reinforcement. C. Common in all people who are overweight. D. Rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint.

B. Rare because of the ligament reinforcement.

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the: A. Thalamus B. Reticular formation C. Pyramids D. Limbic system

B. Reticular formation

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to A. Indigestible food residues stimulate the excretory system. B. Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them. C. The nervous system causes all living things to sometimes experience anger. D. The necessity for all organisms to reproduce.

B. Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them.

The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the: A. Cell body B. Synapse C. Receptor D. Effector

B. Synapse

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? A. Because the pain is acute due to the large number of Meissner's corpuscles. B. The appearance of visible silvery white (stretch marks) scars is an indication of the stretching of the dermis. C. The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue causing "black and blue marks". D. The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.

B. The appearance of visible silvery white (stretch marks) scars is an indication of the stretching of the dermis.

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A. The cells will swell and ultimately burst. B. The cells will lose water and shrink. C. The cells will shrink at first but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to original conditions. D. The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

B. The cells will lose water and shrink

The vital centers for the control of the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in: A. The pons B. The medulla C. The midbrain D. The cerebrum

B. The medulla

Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands. A. Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type. B. The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing. C. Exocrine glands lack ducts. D. Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell.

B. The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.

The genetic information is coded in DNA by: The regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules. The sequence of the nucleotides (A, C, T, G). The 3-dimensional structure of the double helix. The structure of the histones.

B. The sequence of the nucleotides (A, C, T, G).

Wolff's law is concerned with: A. Vertical growth of bones being dependent on age. B. The thickness and shape of a bone being depended on stresses placed upon it. C. The function of bone being dependent on shape. D. The electrical currents occurring on bone surfaces.

B. The thickness and shape of a bone being depended on stresses placed upon it.

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges? A. Ever human being has the same pattern of ridges. B. They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.

B. They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.

Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n): A. Organ B. Tissue C. Organism D. Organ system

B. Tissue

Histology could be defined as study of A. Cells. B. Tissues C. Chemistry of cells D. Gross structures of the body

B. Tissues

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane proteins? a. Circulating antibody b. Transmembrane molecular transport c. Forms a lipid bilayer d. Oxygen transport

B. Transmembrane molecular transport

Cartilage is found in strategic places in the human skeleton. What element is responsible for the resilience of cartilage? A. Hydroxyapatite B. Water C. Calcium influx D. Phosphate

B. Water

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is: A. Primarily uric acid. B. Water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C. C. Fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins. D. The major portion of the materials secreted by the eccrine glands is metabolic wastes.

B. Water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C.

The dermis: A. Is an avascular connective tissue layer. B. When tanned, is "leathery" in appearance (hide-like). C. Lacks sensory corpuscles and glands. D. Is where melanocyte are found.

B. When tanned, is "leathery" in appearance (hide-like).

Vernix caseosa is a: A. Substance contributing to acne during teenage years. B. Whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands. C. Coat of fine downy hair on the heads of baldling men.

B. Whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands.

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is A. Elastic fiber B. Collagen fiber C. Reticular fiber D. Muscle fiber

B. collagen fibers

Which heals faster bone or cartilage

Bone

What body region is the arm located in

Brachial

Digestive

Breaks down ingested food in preparation for absorption

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and the muscles in the form of: A. Glucose B. Triglycerides. C. Glycogen. D. Cholesterol.

C Glycogen

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.

If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon: 1. The impulse would move to the axon terminal only 2. Muscle contraction would occur 3. The impulse would spread bidirectionally A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 2 and 3 D. 1 and 2

C. 2 and 3

Each primary tissue type is given a single descriptive term. Which is correct? 1. Connective: covering 2. Epithelia: support 3. Nervous: control 4. Muscular: movement A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

C. 3 and 4

Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue. A. There is a little blood-forming marrow in only a few long bones of an adult. B. The sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue. C. A and B are correct.

C. A and B are correct.

Melanocytes: A. Are spider-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale. B. Produces a substance incorporated by other cells. C. A and B are correct.

C. A and b are correct

The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is: a. A single layered membrane that surrounded the nucleus of the cell. b. A double layer of protein enclosing the plasma. c. A phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. d. A membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.

C. A phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

A neuron which has an its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called: A. An efferent neuron B. An afferent neuron C. An association neuron D. A glial cells

C. An association neuron

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be A. A complex tissue B. An organ system C. An organ D. A complex cell

C. An organ

which of the following is not true of a protein? A. May be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity. B. Some types are called enzymes. C. Appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information. D. Function depends on the 3-dimensional shape.

C. Appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information

The process of bones increasing in width is known as: A. Closing of the epiphyseal plate B. Long bones reaching adult length and width C. Appositional growth D. Concentric growth

C. Appositional growth

Phospholipids: A. Are exclusively hydrophilic molecules. B. Contain polar tails and non-polar head groups. C. Are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. D. From the lipid bilayer with tails directed to the outside.

C. Are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is: A. It is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock. B. It has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock. C. Because the major part of its make-up its adipose, and adipose tissue serves as an effective shock absorber. D. Because the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus.

C. Because the major part of its make-up its adipose, and adipose tissue serves as an effective shock absorber.

Osteogenesis is the process of: A. Bone resorption B. Bone remodeling C. Bone formation

C. Bone formation

The term "central nervous system" refers to the: A. Autonomic nervous sytem B. Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C. Brain and spinal cord D. Spinal cord and spinal nerves

C. Brain and spinal cord

The two types of sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct? A. Eccrine are the most numerous, being found primarily in the axillary regions. B. Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine, and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin. C. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to repel insects. D. Both A and B are correct.

C. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to repel insects.

An epithelial membrane: A. Usually involves transitional epithelium. B. Is formed of epithelium plus smooth muscle. C. Contains simple or stratified epithelia plus connective tissue. D. Never contains mucus forming cells

C. Contains simple or stratified epithelia plus connective tissue

Which statement about aging is most accurate? A. The brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life B. Synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35 C. Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life. D. Learning throughout the adult aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation.

C. Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A. Gross anatomy- the study of structures visible to the eye. B. Microscopic anatomy- the study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C. Developmental anatomy- the study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age. D. Embryology- the study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth

C. Developmental anatomy: study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age

If one incoming impulse causes several outgoing nerve impulses we know that there is a: A. Converging circuit B. Concentration effect C. Diverging circuit D. Reverberating circuit

C. Diverging circuit

A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient. Into what body cavity will the needle be inserted? A. Ventral B. Thoracic C. Dorsal D. Cranial E. Pelvic

C. Dorsal

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands? A. Sebaceous and merocrine B. Mammillary and ceruminous C. Eccrine and apocrine D. Holocrine and mammillary

C. Eccrine and apocrine

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer; which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis? A. Goblet cells, parietal cells, and Kupffer cells B. Monocytes, reticulocyte, and osteocyte C. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells D. Osteoblast, osteoclasis, and epithelial cells

C. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

The first step in tissue repair involves (which of these happens first?): A. Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells. B. Proliferation of fibers connective tissue. C. Formation of granulation tissue. D. Formation of scar tissue.

C. Formation of granulation tissue.

Collections if the nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called: A. Nuclei B. Nerves C. Ganglia D. Tracts

C. Ganglia

The function of the vestibulocochlear nerve concerns: A. Vision and hearing B. Smell and taste C. Hearing and balance D. Fine and gross motor control

C. Hearing and balance

Myoglobin: A. Breaks down glycogen. B. Is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP. C. Holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells. D. Produces the end plate potential.

C. Holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells.

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated by which of the following: A. High temperatures B. When the air temperature drops C. Hormones, especially androgens D. As a protective coating when one is swimming

C. Hormones, especially androgens

Apocrine glands which, begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem not to be useful in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body? A. In all body regions and buried deep in the dermis B. Beneath the flexure lines in the body C. In the axillary and anogenital area D. The palms of the hands and soles of the feet

C. In the axillary and anogenital area

Ossification of the ends of long bones: A. Is characteristic of intramembranous bone formation. B. Involves medullary cavity formation. C. Is characterized by secondary ossification. D. Takes twice as long as the diaphysis.

C. Is characterized by secondary ossification.

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A. Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B. Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D. Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body

The substance released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n)? A. Ion B. Cholinesterase C. Neurotransmitter D. Biogenic amine

C. Neurotransmitter

Schwann cells are functionally similar to: A. Ependymal cell B. Microglia C. Oligodendrocytes D. Astrocytes

C. Oligodendrocytes

Cell junctions which promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all the following except: A. Gap junctions B. Desmosomes C. Peroxisomes D. Tight junctions

C. Peroxisomes

Which is the correct sequence of neuron development? A. Differentiation, proliferation, migration B. Migration, proliferation, differentiation C. Proliferation, migration, differentiation D. Migration, differentiation, proliferation

C. Proliferation, migration, differentiation

Place the following parts of the reflex arc in proper sequence: A. Effector- motor neuron- integration center- sensory neuron- receptor B. Receptor- motor neuron- integration center- sensory neuron- effector C. Receptor- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- effector D. Effector- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- receptor

C. Receptor- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- effector

A sectional vertically through the body, dividing it into left and right, is: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse

C. Sagittal

Menisci refers to: A. A cavity within a long bone. B. A small sac containing synovial fluid. C. Semilunar cartilage pads. D. A tendon sheath.

C. Semilunar cartilage pads

Inability to absorb digest nutrients and secrete mucous might indicate a disorder in which tissue? A. Simple squamous B. Transitional C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous

C. Simple columnar

A single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes is: A. Simple transitional B. Simple columnar C. Simple squamous D. Simple cuboidal

C. Simple squamous

Mr. J.H. was injured in an accident that completely served his spinal cord at the lever of T-12. You would expect to find all the following except: A. Paralysis of the lower extremities B. Loss of sensation below injured level C. Slurred speech

C. Slurred speech

If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a: A. Sesamoid bone found at a joint. B. Cavity within a long bone. C. Small sac containing fluid. D. None of the above are correct.

C. Small sac containing fluid.

Which of the following is an example of retraction? A. Brining the arm back to the side of the body. B. Returning from a bending to an upright position. C. Squaring shoulders as in a military stance. D. The anatomical position is an example of retraction.

C. Squaring shoulders as in a military stance.

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. A. Simple epithelia from impermeable barriers. B. Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. C. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. D. Pseudostratified epithelia consists of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.

C. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of another muscle is a(an): A. Antagonist B. Fixator C. Synergist D. Protagonist

C. Synergist

DNA replication: A. Can also be called mitosis. B. Is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action. C. Takes place during interphase of the cell cycle. D. Occurs only in transitionally active areas.

C. Takes place during interphase of the cell cycle.

The primary auditory cortex is located in the: A. Prefrontal lobe B. Frontallobe C. Temporal lobe D. Parietal lobe

C. Temporal lobe

Which body cavity contains the pleural and pericardial cavities? A. Abdominal cavity B. Pelvic cavity C. Thoracic cavity D. Dorsal cavity

C. Thoracic cavity

The structure of bones suits the function. Which of the following bones is adapted to withstand stress? A. Spongy bone B. Compact bone C. Trabecular bone (trabeculae)

C. Trabecular bone (trabeculae)

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bike is most likely to have sustained damage to the: A. Calcarine cortex B. Primary visual area C. Visual association area D. Lateral geniculate body

C. Visual association area

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. Body temperature regulation. Regulating glucose levels in the blood. Enhancement of labor contractions. Blood calcium level regulation

C. enhancement of labor contractions

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur.

C. latent period

What body region is the head located in

Cephalic region

Metaphase

Chromosomes align on the spindle equator

Anaphase

Chromosomes centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.

axon

Conducts impulses away from the nerve cell body.

dendrites

Conducts impulses toward the nerve cell body. .

A sarcomere is: A. The functional unit of skeletal muscle. B. The area between two Z lines. C. The area between two intercalated discs. D. A and B are both correct.

D. A and B are both correct.

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A. Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. B. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. C. Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant. D. Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

D) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.

Which of the following statements defines "synchondroses"? A. Amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility. B. Interphalangeal joints. C. A joint that permits angular movements. D. A cartilaginous joint where a bar of hyaline cartilage unites the bones.

D. A cartilaginous joint where a bar of hyaline cartilage unites the bones.

The function of the root hair plexus is to: A. Serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after after the resting stage has passed. B. Bind the hair root to the dermis C. cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle. D. Allow the hair to assist in touch sensation.

D) allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Subdivisions of anatomy include: A. Gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic. B. Gross, regional, dissection, and surface. C. Regional, surface, visual, and microscopic. D. Gross, regional, systemic, and surface.

D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface

Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue. A. Connective tissue does not contain cells. B. Connective tissue cells are non-dividing. C. Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper. D. "Blast" cells are actively-dividing cells.

D. "Blast" cells are actively-dividing cells.

Fibrous joints: A. Do not have a joint cavity. B. Allow movement depending on the length of connective tissue fibers holding the bones together. C. Contain significant amounts of hyaline cartilage to absorb shock. A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 2

D. 1 and 2

Which of the following is most likely a direct cause of breakdown? 1. Destruction of endothelial cells 2. Modification of tight junctions 3. Loss of astrocytes as the forming cells of the barrier A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 2

D. 1 and 2

Which of the following cavities houses the heart? 1. Pericardial 2. Thoracic 3. Dorsal 4. Ventral A. 1 only B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 2, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, and 4

D. 1, 2 and 4

In order for the body to respond to both external and internal changes, several components are necessary: 1. Sensor- detects changes 2. Control center: determines response 3. Input pathway: to control center (afferent) 4. Output pathway: from control center (efferent) A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 2, 3, and 4 C. 1 and 3, plus one other missing component D. 1, 2, 3, 4, plus one other missing component

D. 1, 2, 3, 4, plus one missing component

The cerebellum: 1. Receives information from the cerebral motor cortex and body proprioceptors 2. Assesses incoming information and calculates the optimum coordination of the muscle activity 3. Sends the "blueprint" for muscle coordination to the motor cortex A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3

D. 1, 2, and 3

Mr. T. J. was injured in an accident, resulting in trauma to the reticular formation. What symptom(s) would you expect to see? A. Hypervigilance and hallucinations B. Unilateraltremors C. Photicflashes D. A state of reduced alertness

D. A state of reduced alertness

Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include: A. Mast cells B. Fibroblasts C. Macrophage D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The dorsal cavity contains the A. Cranial cavity B. Vertabrael cavity C. Spinal cord D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The plasma membrane is important for which of the following reasons? A. It is selectively permeable. B. It contains the cell contents. C. It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D. All of the above are correct.

D. All of the above

Tissue changes during aging can be seen in: A. Connective tissue B. Epithelium C. Muscle D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is (are) the function(s) of the skeletal system? A. Support B. Storage of minerals C. Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membrane? A. Ions can move passively across membranes though leakage channels B. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration C. Ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes D. All of the above

D. All of the above

White matter of the spinal cord: A. Is composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers B. Ascends to higher CNS centers C. Descends to lower levels D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Muscles can be classified according to which of the following? A. Their location B. Their shape C. The type of action they cause D. All of the above statements are true

D. All of the above statements are true

Which of the following cellular phenomena would be affected by the absence of microtbules? A. Motility B. The arrangement of cell organelles C. Cell division D. All of the above would be affected

D. All of the above would be affected

People often wonder why hair on arms and legs never grows as long as the hair on one's head. The reason for this is: A. Because the friction inhibits hair growth. B. Because there are no sebaceous glands on the arms and legs. C. Because the follicles only produce vellum hair and this type of hair never grows as long as terminal hair. D. Because the life span of the follicles of arm and leg hair is several months while the follicles of the scalp are viable for several years.

D. Because the life span of the follicles of arm and leg hair is several months while the follicles of the scalp are viable for several years.

Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the repair process. A. The type of tissue injured is an important factor. B. Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. C. The age of the person is a factor in the repair process. D. Both A and C are correct.

D. Both A and a care correct

Chrondroblasts: A. Are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lucunae. B. Within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. C. Located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on he external surface of the cartilage. D. Both B and C are correct.

D. Both B and C are correct

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How would a physician estimate the volume of fluid lost in a severe burn patient? A. By measuring urinary output and intake B. By observing the tissues that are usually moist C. Through blood analysis D. By using the "rule of nines"

D. By using the "rule of nines"

Cells are composed mainly of A. Carbon, potassium, sodium, nitrogen. B. Carbon, sodium, nitrogen, calcium. C. Calcium, oxygen, sodium, potassium. D. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

D. Calcium, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen

_________are the major fuel for the cell and _______ are used as building blocks. ________is the gas delivered by the cardiovascular system to all cells of the body. A. Unsaturated fats, carbohydrates, oxygen. B. Carbohydrates, fats, carbon dioxide. C. Proteins, fats, oxygen. D. Carbohydrats, proteins, oxygen.

D. Carbohydrates, proteins, oxygen

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth? A. Growth of the lining of the long bones. B. Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and from cartilage. C. Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage. D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

The following characteristics define what type of joint: presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments? A. Suture B. Synchondrosis C. Symphysis D. Hinge joint

D. Hinge joint

The most important factor influencing hair growth is: A. Sex B. Age C. The size and number of hair follicles. D. Hormones.

D. Hormones.

Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A. Innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B. Innervation of cardiac muscle C. Innervation of glands D. Innervation of skeletal muscle

D. Innervation of skeletal muscle

The cerebrospinal fluid: A. Is secreted by the arachnoid villi B. Enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C. Is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles D. Is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

D. Is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

Pseduostratified cuboidal epithelium: A. Lines the respiratory tact. B. Aids in digestion. C. Possesses numerous goblet cells. D. Is not an epithelial classification

D. Is not an epithelial classification

Athletes sometimes complain of "oxygen debt", a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result the pyruvic acid is converted to: A. Acetic acid B. Stearic acid C. Hydrochloric acid D. Lactic acid

D. Lactic acid

The ventricles that lie within the cerebral hemisphere are the: A. Third and fourth ventricles B. Lateral aperatures C. Foramena D. Lateral ventricles

D. Lateral ventricles

Injured to the hypothalamus may result in all the following except: A. Pathologic sleep B. Loss of body temperature control C. Production of excessive quantities of urine D. Loss of proprioception (balance)

D. Loss of proprioception (balance)

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result? A. Oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament B. Suprapatellar C. Arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate D. Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

D. Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

Survival needs of the body include: A. Nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction. B. Nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction. C. Water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement. D. Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.

D. Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.

The posterior side of the patella would be called: A. Sural B. Crural C. Antecubital D. Popliteal

D. Popliteal

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? A. The skin is protected by the synthesis of the three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. B. Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corner and hypodermic adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight. C. The skin is protected by increasing the number of Langerhans' cells, which help to activate the immune system. D. Prolonged sun exposure induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

D. Prolonged sun exposure induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

The role of acetylcholinesterase is to: A. Act as a transmitting agent B. Amplify or enhance the effect of Ach C. Destroy Ach a brief period after its release by the axonal endings D. Stimulate the production of serotonin

D. Stimulate the production of serotonin

A multi-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as: A. Simple cuboidal B. Simple squamous C. Transitional D. Stratified squamous

D. Stratified squamous

Fibrous joints are classified as: A. Pivot, hinge, and ball and socket. B. Symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular. C. Hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal. D. Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

D. Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

A red blood cell placed in pure water would A. Shrink. B. Swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached. C. Neither shrink nor swell. D. Swell and burst.

D. Swell and burst

Select the correct statement about synapses: A. Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled B. The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled C. Neurotransmitters receptors are located on the axons of cells D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another

D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another

Muscle tissue has all the following properties except: A. Excitability B. Contractibility C. Extensibility D. Transmissibility

D. Transmissibility

A section horizontally through the body is called: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse

D. Transverse

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the bones of the hands that articulate to form a saddle joint: A. The scaphoid of the index finger and the triquestral of the middle finger. B. The trapezium of the ring finger and the capitate of the fourth finger. C. The scaphoid of the middle finger and lunate of the index finger. D. Trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

D. Trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

Where is the esophagus, large intestine and rectum found

Digestive system

Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue differ by the

Direction of fibers

Muscular

Directly causes mechanical motion

Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? E. Concussion F. Hemorrhage G. Swelling

E. Concussion

WhT are the cardiac muscle closed junctions called

Interested discs

What is smooth muscles involved in

Involved in contraction of the digestive tract, emptying of the bladder, the birth process.

dense regular connective tissue

Major component of tendons

Pons function

Management of sleep, arousal, and facial expressions. (4)

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? A. Meissmer's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Free nerve endings D. Krause's end bulbs

Meissner's corpuscles

Most exorcise glands in humans are

Merocrine

Vitamin d

Must be activated in the skin in order to enhance calcium metabolism

Which of the following is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses? A. Fe B. I C. P D. Na

Na.

Abdominal cavity

Name of cavity

Thoracic cavity

Name of cavity

Vertebral cavity

Name of cavity

cranial cavity

Name of cavity

Mitochondria

Powerhouses of the cell, most important site of ATP production

Immune

Produces antibodies which neutralize foreign substances

aerolar connective tissue

Protects and supports soft tissues- acts as a packaging material

integumentary system

Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesize vitamin D

Skeletal

Provides support and levers for muscles to work on

pronator teres location

Proximal forearm

The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is called the dermis.

True

Primary motor cortex

The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.

Langerhans

The cells that are found in to function in immunity

Golgi apparatus

The cellular "packaging site" for substances that are to be exported from the cell

Consider the following statements concerning transcription/translation. Which one is the most correct? A. The nucleotide sequence in an mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. B. The nucleotide sequence in an mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine. C. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. D. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

Plasma membrane

The outermost boundary of the cell, confines its contents and regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell

treppe

The phenomenon in which the contraction strength of a muscle increases, due to increased enzyme efficiency during the warm-up.

Keratin

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin

Each daughter cell has how much of the chromosomes of the parents cell

The same number

The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation.

True

(T/F) Complementary of structure and function means that the structure of a part reflects its function

True

A physician is often able to detect homeostatic imbalances in the body by observing changes in the skin color.

True

During the resting phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive.

True

Hair growth and density are influenced by hormones, nutrition, and in some cases, life style.

True

Melanocytes are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis.

True

Merkel cells are associated with a disc-like sensory nerve ending and together they are called "Merkel discs" that function as touch sensory receptors.

True

Scent glands are modified sweat glands.

True

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are scattered over the entire body, and the product of these glands contributes to temperature control in humans.

True

T/F: It is important to any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains district from the external environment surrounding it

True

T/F: It is widely believed that mitochondria may have arisen from a type of bacterium that took up residence in the ancient ancestors of modern cells.

True

T/F: Squamous cells are flattened, scalelike cells.

True

T/F: The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.

True

T/F: The function of gap junctions is to allow the direct passage of chemical substances between adjacent cells.

True

T/F: The major function of serous membranes is to reduce friction

True

T/F: Transitional epithelium resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal depending on conditions in the body.

True

T/F: a tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function

True

T/F: microtubules are hollow tubes made of protein.

True

T/F: regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanics, have at least three independent components

True

T/F: the control of blood glucose levels by pancreatic hormones is an example of a negative feedback mechanism

True

T/F:A synthesis reaction always involves bond formation.

True

T/f: All connective tissues arise from mesenchyme

True

T/f: Blood is considered a type of connective tissues.

True

T/f: Carbs are the preferred source for fueling cellular activity

True

T/f: Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of reticular fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

True

T/f: Endocrine glands are often called ductless glands.

True

T/f: Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

True

T/f: Muscle and connective tissues develop from mesoderm

True

T/f: Neurons have branched cytoplasmic extensions that may extend long distances.

True

T/f: Smooth muscle cells possess one nucleus but lack striations.

True

T/f: The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

True

T/f: in osmosis, movement of water occurs towards the solution with the higher solute concentration (or lower water concentration)

True

T/f:Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.

True

A gene can Best be defined as A. A three base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid. B. Non-coding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long. C. A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain (protein). D. An RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide.

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

Weeping lubrication: 1. Is found in synovial joints. 2. Involves interstitial fluid lubricating the collagenous fibers of fibrous joints. 3. Occurs after injury to cartilaginous joints. A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 2 and 3

a. 1 only

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex his knee? A. hamstrings b.gluteal muscles c. brachioradialis d. soleus

a. hamstrings

The most abundant skeletal cartilage is: A. Hyaline B. Elastic C. Fibrocartilage D. Epiphyseal cartilage

a. hyaline

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane A. Lining the thoracic cavity B. Covering the heart C. None of the above are correct

a. lining the thoracic cavity

Saltatory conduction is made possible by: A. The myelin sheath B. Largenervefibers C. Diphasicimpulses D. Erratic transmission of nerve impulses

a. myelin sheath

Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? A. Synaptic cleft B. Nisslbodies C. Dendrites D. Axon

a. synaptic cleft

the rectus adbomis is located where

abdomen wall muscles by the backbone

What cavity is the bladder located in

abdominopelvic

What cavity is the stomach located in

abdominopelvic

moving the leg away from the midline

abduction

soleus location

ankle

matter

anything that occupies space and possess mass

where do landerhans cells arise from and what is the role

arise from the epidermis and have the main role of immunity

latissimus dorsi location

arm (humerus)

pectarolis major location

arm (humerus)

The part of the neuron that receives stimuli is called A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Neurolemma D. Schwann cell

b. dendrite

the overall function of a protein is directly determined by B. The primary structure (shape) of the protein. C. Enzymes that "mold" the shape of the protein. D. The position of the peptide bonds.

b. the primary structure (shape) of the protein

the erector spinae group is located where

backbone

the hip joint is a

ball and socket joint

angular movements

bending the foot in the direction of the upper surface

sternum is

breast bone

gluteus maximus location

buttocks

An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is: A. Cholinesterase B. Norepinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Gamma aminobutyric acid

c. acetylcholine

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of: A. Sodium, calcium, and vitamin E B. Potassium, phosphate, and vitamin D C. Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D D. Vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride

c. calcium, phosphate and vitamin D

A neuronal circuit which concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a: A. Diverging circuit B. Oscillating circuit C. Converging circuit D. Parallel circuit

c. converging circuit

which of the following is the major positive ion inside cells A. Nitrogen B. Hydrogen C. Potassium D. Carbon

c. potassium

The nervous system exhibits all these major functions except: A. Monitoring changes B. Integrating impulses C. Storing calcium D. Effecting responses

c. storing calcium

Spongy bones are made up of plates called: A. Osteons B. Lamellae bone C. Trabeculae D. Osseous lamellae

c. trabecular

A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over is a: A. Diverging circuit B. Converging circuit C. Reverberating circuit D. Repetitive circuit

c.Reverberating circuit

The four elements that make up about 96% of the body matter are

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

the wrist bones are

carpals

zygomatic

cheek bone

When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work. what type of energy

chemical energy

The cerebrospinal fluid helps to protect the brain and cord shock. It is filtered into the ventricles through the ________ .

choroids plexus

Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of

circumdiction

clavicle is the

collar bone

dry ice is a compound or element

compound

water is a compound or element

compound

Endocrine

controls the body with chemicals called hormones

Cerebellum function

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? A. Basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum B. Gasale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum C. Granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum D. Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule A. H2O B. NaCl C. NaOH D. CH4

d. CH4

paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex his thigh a. biceps b. vastus medialis c. soleus d. iliopsoas

d. iliopsoas

The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the: A. Resting period B. Repolarization C. Depolarization D. Refractory period

d. refractory period

Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by: A. Dense microvilli B. Rich vascular supply C. Fibroblasts D. Cilia

dense microvilli

Tendons are made of

dense regular connective tissue proper

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of: A. Absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin. B. Utilizing the product of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. C. The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. D. Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

The fingers are ________ to the wrist.

distal

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

false / can only exhibit adduction

Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.

electrical energy

cation

electrically charged particle due to the loss of an electron

carbon is a compound or element

element

potassium is a compound or element

element

The tissue type that arises from all three embryonic germ layers is: A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Nervous tissue D. Muscle tissue

epithelial tissue

frontalis is

eyebrows

orbicularis occuli

eyes

neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool, and are not easily excited are

facilitated zone

A functional center found within the cerebellum is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

false

A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is pronation.

false

A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates is referred to as a motor end plate.

false

Although cartilage is avascular, it generally repairs itself rapidly

false

An aponeurosis is a rope-like piece of muscle fascia that forms indirect connections to muscles of the leg.

false

Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human embryo is completely formed at six months gestation (in the womb).

false

During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.

false

In the neuron, the rough ER is also known as neurofibrils.

false

Large diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses more slowly then so small diameter fibers.

false

Meningitis is the most accurate term for the inflammation of neurons.

false

Motor impulses from the cortex always originate in the occipital lobe.

false

Movement at the hip joint has as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

false

Moving the arm in full circle is an example of rotation.

false

Moving the leg away from the midline would be adduction.

false

Muscle fatigue and soreness are caused by a built up of pyruvic acid.

false

Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool, and are not easily excited by an incoming stimulus, are in the discharge zone.

false

One of the major functions of the pons is to regulate the endocrine system by producing releasing factors that control the function of the anterior pituitary.

false

Oxygen debt refers only to the oxygen required to make creatine phosphate.

false

Peristalsis is characteristic of cardiac muscle.

false

The all or none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.

false

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

false

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves nor blood vessels.

false

The right cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant.

false

The spinal cord ends at the level of T-12.

false

an extender muscle of the arm is the brachialis

false

from time to time

false

t/f: the number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of neutrons

false

t/fAbout 60 to 80 percent of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.

false ( 60-80% of you is water)

t/f: a molecule consisting of one carbon atom and to oxygen atoms is correctly written as 2CO

false (CO2)

t/f:Lipids are the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity.

false (carbs)

t/f:Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.

false (neutrons)

t/f: covalent bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds

false (stronger)

Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function.

false /

Action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes

false / can be generated by some

the thigh bone is the

femur

biceps brachii location

forearm

brachiialis

forearm

brachioradialis location

forearm

triceps brachii location

forearm

The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of A. Stratified columnar epithelium B. Three layers of keratinized cells only C. Four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each cell type with a specific function.

four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function

The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of: A. Stratified columnar epithelium B. Three layers of keratinized cells only C. Four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each cell type with a specific function.

four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function

oxygen debt refers to the oxygen required to make

glucose out of lactic acid

what hemisphere is more dominant in the brain

left

the upper arm bone is

humerus

what controls the endocrine system

hypothalamus

Strong stimuli cause the frequency of nerve impulses to

increase

inflammation of neurons

insephilitis

weight

is a function of and varies with gravity

Sternocleidomastoid

is located in the neck

masseter is located where

jaw

platysma is located where

jaw

temporalis is located where

jaw

Muscle fatigue and soreness are caused by a built up of

lactic acid

the temporal lobe is responsible for

language/speech comprehension

osteoclasts

large multinucleate cells that are found in the bone

pelvic floor muscles

levator ani external urethreral sphincter external anal sphincter bulbospongiosus

dorsiflexion

lifting foot towards shin

Endothelium

lines heart and blood vessels

zygomaticus is where

lips

what could injury of the brain lead to

localized breakdown of the blood brain barrier

Sternohyoid

located in the larynx in the neck muscle

pictorial girdles are

located in the shoulder

neuron cell body

location of the nucleus

the mandible is

lower jaw

The integumentary system is protected by our immune system through the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this immune function? A. Cells found in the stratum spinosum B. Macrophages called "Langerhans" C. Keratinocytes, because they are so versatile D. T cells, because they are the most important cells of the immune system.

macrophages called Langerhans' cells

legs moving the pedals of a bicycle is an example of what type of energy

mechanical

The bridge of the nose is _______ to the left eye

medial

vastus medialis location

medial anterior thigh

adductor Magnus location

medial thigh

gracilis location

medial thigh

Inflammation of the brain coverings that may be due to pathogenic bacteria.

meningitis

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? A. Stereocilia B. Microvilli C. Cilia D. Flagella

microvilli

The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.

myosin

pectorals major

neck, shoulders

electron

negatively charged particle

Genetic info is coded in DNA regular alternation of

nucleotide bases

How do isotopes differ

number of neutrons

visual areas location

occipital lobe

compound break

open, bone protrudes through the skin

The presence of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels would indicate: A. Cartilage tissue B. Fibrocartilaginous tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Areolar tissue

osseous tissue

cranial bones

parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

primary sensory cortex location

partial lobe

the hip bones are

pelvic girdles

What cavity is the heart located in?

pericardial cavity

What cavity is the lungs located in

pleural cavity

A long chain of simple sugars is called a

polysaccharide

extensor digitorum location

posterior forearm

The dorsal aspect of the human body is also its: A. Anterior surface B. Posterior surface C. Lateral aspect D. Superior aspect

posterior surface

Semitendinosus location

posterior thigh

biceps femoris location

posterior thigh

rotation

primary movement permitted in a pivot joint

Vellus hairs

short, fine, pale hairs barely visible to the naked eye

The upper arm is ________ to the forearm

proximal

axonal terminal

releases neurotransmitters

the diaphragm is located where

rib cage

the intercostals are located where

rib cage

lamellae

rings of calcification that are found in bone

palatine

roof of the mouth bone

tendons are

rope like

the only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is

rotation

occipitals is

scalp

Root hair plexus

sensory nerves surrounds the base of each hair follicles.

Bones are classified by

shape

cartilage repairs itself

slowly

canaluculi

small channels that radiate through the bone matrix

who conducts impulses slower large or small diameter fibers

small diameter fibers

molecule

smallest particle of a property which still retains its properties

atom

smallest particle of an element which retains its properties

Peristalsis is characteristic of

smooth muscle

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum granulosum C. Stratum germinativum ( also called stratum basale) D. Stratum lucidum

stratum germinativum (stratum basal)

Normally the cerebrospinal fluid flows freely from the ventricle into the _________ .

subarachnoid space

The heart is ______ to the stomach

superior

A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior

supination

subdivisions of autonomic nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic

the ligament that unties the tibia and fibula is an example of

syndesmosis

Respiratory system

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs

the ankle bone is the

tarsal and metatarsal

threshold stimulus

the intensity of stimulus below which no response is elecited in a neuron

endosteum

the lining of the marrow cavity

where are centers that control respiratory function

the medulla obligata

nissl bodies

the rough ER of the cell

The motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

true

the external oblique is located where

the trunk

the internal oblique is located where

the trunk

illiopsas

thigh

pectinous location

thigh

semimembraneous location

thigh

tesnor fasciae latae location

thigh

The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated neural processes.

true

the shinbone is located

tibia

the leg bones are

tibia and fibula

phalanges

toe bones

extender muscle of the arm is

triceps brachii

"Jet lag" which affects our biological clock, could be related to pineal gland function.

true

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but is tension increases, is called "isometric".

true

A disorder of joints with the symptoms of degeneration of the articular cartilage and spur formation is known as osteoarthritis.

true

A gomphosis is considered a fibrous joint.

true

A lateral (horizontal) blow to an extended knee is the most dangerous type of injury to that joint.

true

A motor neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector.

true

A part of the diencephalons structure is formed by the hypothalamus

true

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering inflammation.

true

A pivot joint will exhibit rotation.

true

A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.

true

Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS.

true

All muscle cells are elongated and are therefore called muscle fibers.

true

All synovial joints are freely moveable diarrhetic joints

true

Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments.

true

Bending of the tips of the finger exhibits flexion.

true

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.

true

Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.

true

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain

true

Difficulty in breathing may reflect damage to respiratory centers located in the medulla and pons.

true

During depolarization, the inside of the neurons membrane becomes less negative.

true

Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor.

true

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

true

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

true

In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain red bone marrow.

true

Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other.

true

Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.

true

Neurons do not undergo mitosis in the adult.

true

Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.

true

Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

true

Rigor mortis is caused by cessation of ATP synthesis and the irreversible cross linking of actin and myosin.

true

Skeletal muscle is called "voluntary" because it is the only type of muscle usually subject to conscious control.

true

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the thalamus.

true

T/F: Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

true

T/F:A charged particle is correctly called an ion.

true

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a role in joint stability

true

The effect of the neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its permeability properties temporarily.

true

The extensor digitorum is a prime mover of finger extension and abducts fingers.

true

The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation (recruitment).

true

The limbic system acts as our emotional brain.

true

The major function of tendon sheaths and bursar is to reduce friction between adjacent structures during activity that stresses the joint.

true

The medulla is anatomically associated with the cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, and 12.

true

the forearm bone is

ulna and radius

the sacrum is

vertebrae located in the pelvis

WHAT HAPPENS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE

vessels constrict

what happens with high temperature

vessels dilate causing skin to be red and pink

does the periosteum consist of blood vessels

yes to make osteoclasts