DUAL ENROLLMENT ANATOMY MIDTERM!!!!
The myosin filaments are located in the ________.
A band
greenstick break
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children
The stomach is _________ to the spine
Anterior
action potential
Called a nerve impulse when transmitted.
Where are the arteries, veins and heart found
Cardiovascular system
Erythema
Characteristic redness caused by a suburn
Cutaneous membrane
Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Blood
Contains a fluid matrix called plasma
tetanus
Continued sustained smooth contraction dur to rapid stimulation.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. a. Body erect b. Arms at sides c. Palms turned posteriorly d. Thumbs pointed laterally
C. palms turned posteriorly
a chain of 250 amino acids would be called a: A. Peptide B. Nucleotide C. Protein D. Starch
C. protein
A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a: A. Suture B. Syndesmosis C. Symphysis D. Gomphosis
C. symphysis
The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the: A. rRNA B. mRNA C. tRNA
C. tRNA
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ________. A. Oxygen B. Protein C. Water D. Hydrogen
C. water
A function of mitosis is: a. The formation of sex cells b. Growth and cell replacement. c. To create diversity in genetic potential. d. All of the above.
Growth and cell replacement
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? E. Appendix F. Stomach G. Liver H. None of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Prophase
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate
Adipose tissue
Provides insulation for the body
T/f: Sweat glands are merocrine glands.
True
t/f: Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.
True
t/f: the orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
True
Skeletal muscles need no nerve stimulation for concentration to occur.
false / need nerve stimulation
Synarthrotic joints exhibit movement.
false / no movement
The ligament that unites the tibia and fibula is an example of a synchondrosis.
false / syndesmosis
As with the cerebral cortex, the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with the contralateral (opposite side) of the body
false!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The term "osteoid" refers to the organic part of the matrix of bones.
true
nasal is
nose bone
coccyx
tailbone
Pinocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.
The term "aponeurosis" refers to: A. The bands of myofibrils. B. An indirect attachement to a skeletal element. C. The rough endoplasmic reticulum. D. The tropomyosin-troponin complex.
B. An indirect attachement to a skeletal element.
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as: A. Exocrine B. Endocrine C. Sebaceous D. Ceruminous
B) endocrine
Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include: A. The dermis provides a major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances, B. Resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system. C. Cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high temperature conditions. D. Epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir.
B) resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include: A. The dermis provides a major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances, B. Resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system. C. Cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high temperature conditions. D. Epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir.
B) resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
Acne is a disorder associated with:
B) sebaceous glands
The subarachnoid spice lies between what two layers of meninges: A. Arachnoid B. Arachnoid and pia C. Arachnoid dura D. Dura and epidura
B. Arachnoid and pia
Peroxisomes: A. Also called microbodies, contain acid hydrolases. B. Are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action. C. Function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis. D. Sometimes function as secretory vesicles
B. Are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action.
Fibrous proteins A. Rarely exhibit secondary structure. B. Are very stable and insoluble in water. C. Are usually called enzymes. D. Are cellular catalysts.
B. Are very stable and insoluble in water
a solution which has a ph of 10 could be best as being Highly acidic Basic Neutral Slightly acidic
B. Basic
Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone? A. Live cells B. Blood vessels C. Organic fibers
B. Blood vessels
The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a: A. Centrosome B. Centriole C. Chromosome D. Ribosome
B. Centriole
The arbor vitae refers to: A. Cerebellar grey matter B. Cerebellar white matter C. The palatalize convolutions of the cerebellum D. Floculonodular nodes
B. Cerebellar white matter
White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all the following locations with the exception of the: A. Corpus callosum B. Cerebral cortex C. Corticospinal tracts D. The outer surface of the spinal cord
B. Cerebral cortex
The function of commissures is to connect: A. Adjacent areas of grey matter within a cerebral hemisphere B. Corresponding areas of the two hemispheres C. Areas of cortex with lower centers D. Pyramidal cells with corresponding cerebellar cells
B. Corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
A coronal plane through the head: A. Could pass through both the nose and the occipital regions. B. Could pass through both ears. C. Must pass through the mouth. D. Could lie in a horizontal plane.
B. Could pass through both ears.
Which statement is not true concerning characteristics of life? A. All body cells exhibit irritability to some extent. B. Each organ system is isolated from all other body systems. C. Growth can be an increase in size due to an increase in the number of cells. D. Reproduction occurs on both the cellular and organismal level
B. Each organ system is isolated from all other body systems
Which of these surrounds the individual muscle cell? A. Perimysium B. Endomysium C. Epimysium D. Fascicle
B. Endomysium
Which of these organs would not be cut by a section through the midsagittal plane of the body? A. Urinary bladder B. Gallbladder C. Small intestine D. Heart
B. Gallbladder
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATP per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is: A. The citric acid cycle B. Glycolysis C. Fermentation D. Electron transport chain
B. Glycolysis
Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium? A. Microvilli B. Golgi bodies C. Lysosomes D. Multiple nuclei
B. Golgi bodies
Which of the following is characteristic of epithelial tissue? A. Highly vascularized B. Has a basement membrane C. Is usually acellular D. All of the above
B. Has a basement membrane
Which of the following is not a usual result of exercise? A. Increase in efficiency of the respiratory system B. Increase in the number of muscle cells C. Increase in the efficiency of the circulatory system
B. Increase in the number of muscle cells
Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair. A. Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection. B. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable. C. Granulation tissue is another name for blood clot. D. Both B and C are correct.
B. Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.
The spinal cord has grey matter on the: A. Outside, white matter on the inside and dorsal motor root B. Inside, white matter on the outside, and ventral motor root C. Inside, white matter on the outside, and dorsal motor root D. Outside, white mater on the inside, and central motor root
B. Inside, white matter on the outside, and ventral motor root
The functional role of the T tubules is to: A. Stabilize the G and F actin. B. Insure cellular communication during muscle contraction. C. Hold cross bridges in place in a resting muscle. D. Synthesize ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction.
B. Insure cellular communication during muscle contraction.
Bone growth (lengthwise) during infancy and youth is exclusively through: A. The secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity B. Interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates C. Differentiation of osteoclasts D. Calcification of the matrix
B. Interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include: A. The patellar ligament extending from femur to patella. B. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements. C. The oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly. D. Cruciate ligaments which help secure the articulating bones together.
B. Lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements.
The frontal lobe is separates from the temporal lobes by the: A. Longitudinal fissure B. Lateral sulcus C. Central sulcus D. Cranial fossa
B. Lateral sulcus
The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the: A. Central fissure B. Longitudinal fissure C. Parieto-occipital fissure D. Lateral fissure
B. Longitudinal fissure
The brain stem consists of the: A. Cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla B. Midbrain, medulla, and pons C. Pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain D. Midbrain only
B. Midbrain, medulla, and pons
In what way does the interior surface of the cell membrane of a resting (non-conducting) neuron differ from the external environment? The interior is: A. Positively charged and contains less sodium B. Negatively charged and contains less sodium C. Negatively charged and contains more sodium D. Positively charged and contains more sodium
B. Negatively charged and contains less sodium
Isotopes of the same element have the same A. Number of neutrons but different number of protons. B. Number of protons but different numbers of neutron. C. Atomic weight. D. Mass number.
B. Number of protons but different numbers of nitrogen
When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as: A. Circumduction B. Plantar flexion C. Pronation D. Protraction
B. Plantar flexion
The term inversion and eversion pertain only to the A. hands B. the feet C. the arms D. the legs
B. the feet
The following items are involved in the manufacture of proteins in a human cell. Place them in correct sequence: A. tRNA B. DNA C. mRNA D. Ribosomes E. Nuclear pores A. B, C, E, D, A B. B, C, A, E, D C. E, B, C, D, A D. C, B, E, A, D
B, C, E, D, A
Select the most correct statement about nucleic acids A. Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, TDNA. B. DNA is a long double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides. C. RNA is a long single-stranded molecule made of the nucleotides A, T, G, C. D. TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA.
B, DNA is a long double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides
Which of the following planes could result in sections containing both lungs and the heart? 1. Frontal 2. Transverse 3. Sagittal A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 C. 1, 2, and 3 D. 2 only
B. 1 and 2
The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue): 1. Contains adipose tissue. 2. Contains dense connective tissue. 3. Binds the dermis to underlying organs A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue): 1. Contains adipose tissue. 2. Contains dense connective tissue. 3. Binds the dermis to underlying organs. A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 C. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 4, 3, 5
B. 2, 1, 4, 3, t5
Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their size, speed, and endurance. Which of the following athletic endeavors best represent the use of red fibers? A. A sprint by an olympic runner B. A long, relaxing swim C. A game of singles in tennis D. All of the above
B. A long, relaxing swim
Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues
Thyroid gland is apart of what system
Endocrine
Which of the following is true about epithelia? A. Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion. B. Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration. C. Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. D. Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.
Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.
What region contains majority of the stomach
Epigastric
Lysosomes
Essentially sacs of digestive enzymes, often called "suicide sacs" because they have the ability to destroy the cell itself
Body hair on humans serves to keep the epidermis protected from harm and is located at strategic points on the body. Removal or loss of body hair could be dangerous.
False
Most connective tissue have regenerative capacity while most epithelial tissues do not
False
T/f: Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of elastic cartilage.
False
The organ known as skin has no metabolic functions whatsoever, because its only known function is protection.
False
The stratum corneum (outermost later of skin) is a zone of approximately 4 layers of viable cells that are able to synthesize proteins that keep the outer layer of skin soft and smooth.
False
t/f: DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication
False
T/F: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
False Elbow is distal
T/F: the right hypogastric region contains the majority of the stomach
False The epigastric region does
(T/F) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity os called visceral peritoneum
False Called the parietal peritoneum
T/F: Although oxygen and water and essential to life, atmospheric pressure is not really important to sustain human life
False It's important!!!!!
t/f: diffusion is always from areas of lesser to areas of greater concentrate
False (greater to lesser)
(T/F) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to decrease the original stimulus
False (increase) Neg feedback decreases
T/f: Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has one-half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
False (same number of chromosomes)
Langerhans cells arise from the dermis and work together with melanocytes to protect the skin from the UV rays.
False /
T/F In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts
False / -100 millivolts
When a patient is said to have "third degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third of the body.
False / all body is burned
Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.
False / blisters indicate second degree burns
t/f: the spindle is formed by the migration of the chromatin
False / centrioles
The membrane that forms the outermost layer of the heart is the: A. Visceral pleura B. Visceral peritoneum C. Parietal pericardium D. Visceral pericardium E. Parietal pleura
D. Visceral Pericardium
Factors that increase the stability of some synovial joints include: A. The articular surfaces (e.g., ball-and-socket joints). B. Large number of ligaments. C. Constant low level muscles contraction (muscle tone). D. All of the above.
D. all of the above
The hypothalamus: A. Is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature B. Contains feeding and hunger centers C. Contains neurons sensitive to the solute concentration of the blood D. All of the above
D. all of the above
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood? A. Thyroid hormone B. Somatomedins C. Prolactin D. Growth hormone
D. growth hormone
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of most bones in the embryo? A. Elastic connective tissue B. Dense fibrous connective tissue C. Fibro cartilage D. Hyaline cartilage
D. hyaline cartilage
On the basis of structural classification, which joint contains fibrous connective tissue? A. Symphysis B. Synchondrosis C. Pivot D. Syndesmosis
D. syndesmosis
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called: A. Tibial collateral ligaments B. Patellar ligaments C. Anterior ligaments D. Cruciate ligaments
D.Cruciate ligaments
Cardiovasular
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissue
Nucleoli
Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA
T/f: The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.
False / direction of collagen fibers
Arrector pili muscles are associated with each gland
False / hair
T/f: Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.
False / holocrine
Langerhans cells arise from the dermis and work together with melanocytes to protect the skin from the UV rays.
False / immune system
The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.
False / keratin is the outermost layer
The reason that the nail bed appears pink is because of the predominantly large number of melanocytes present in the underlying dermis.
False / large number of capillaries present
T/f: Cartilage tissue tends to heal more rapidly than bone tissue
False / less rapidly
Keratinocytes produce melanin, the polymer responsible for protecting the skin from damage from UV light.
False / melanocytes
T/f: Most exocrine glands in humans are apocrine glands.
False / merocrine
T/F Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities
False / mesothelium
t/f: the genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules
False / nucleotide bases
T/F A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called pinocytosis
False / phagocytosis
T/f: Intercalated discs and striations suggest the presence of skeletal muscle.
False / presence of cardiac muscle
Destruction of the matrix of the hair bulb would result in inability to produce oil
False / produce hair
The pigment we observe in our hair is not produced by the same cells that produce the pigment observed in our skin.
False / produced by the same cells
The epidermis is highly vascularized, accounting for the often pink color in the cheeks of babies.
False / the dermis
When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the vasculature in the skin will dilate so that blood and heat will be dissipated.
False / the vasculature I'm the skin will constrict and heat is conserved
Because body hair seems to serve no important function, there are no nerve endings associated with it and therefore no sensation from any stimulation is felt.
False / there are nerve endings
The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.
False the skin is able to receive stimuli because there are sensory receptors
Matrix is: a. Cells and fibers. b. Fibers and ground substance. c. Ground substance and cells. d. All of the above.
Fibers and ground substance
aponeurosis
Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves
Reticular connective tissue
Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen
Endoplasmic reticulum
Forms proteins to be secreted or inserted into membranes- one type also synthesizes steroids, lipids, etc.
Hyaline cartilage
Forms the embryonic skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones
Where is cardiac cells found
Forms the walls of the heart
Where are smooth muscles found
Found in the walls of hollow organs
sartorius location
Front of thigh
What body region is the buttock located in
Gluteal region
Bone
Has calcium salts in the matrix
Microtubules
Hollow cytoskeleton elements that acts as organizers for the cytoskeleton
multiple motor unit summation
How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced.
contains only the actin filaments
I band
Broca's area: A. Corresponds to Brodmann area 8 B. Is usually found in the right hemisphere C. Serves the recognition of complex objects D. Is considered a motor speech area
Is considered a motor speech area
Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue. A. It is composed mostly of extracellular tissue. B. Its primary function is nutrient storage. C. Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic. D. Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.
Its primary function is nutrient storage.
where does the spinal cord end
L1-L2
Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? A. Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces. B. The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. C. The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. D. Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.
Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.
What type of cells does skeletal muscles have
Large multinucleate cells with striations
Endothelium
Lines blood vessels and the heart
Mesothelium
Lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities
Rough ER in Neurons are called?
Nissl bodies
Can all connective tissue regenerate
No. Some can, but others can't.
What body region is the knee located in
Patellar region
absolute refractory period
Period during which the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong.
Acetylcholine
Released at motor end plates by the axonal endings, a neurotransmitter substance.
Lymphatic
Remove and filters excess fluid from tissue
Where is the trachea, bronchi and alveoli found
Respiratory system
Nervous
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses
Urinary
Ride the body of nitrogen containing wastes
Centrioles
Serves as "seeds" from which microtubules sprout
calcium ions
Serves as the actual "trigger" for muscle contraction by removing the inhibition of the troponin molecules.
Reproductive
Site of fetal development
What type of cells do smooth muscles have
Spindle shaped uninucleate cells
Types of cardiac cells
Striations, branching cells
Elastic cartilage
Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility
Mucous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior; found in lining the digestive and respiratory tracts
Serous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body; makes up the pleura and pericardium
sudoriferous glands
The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation
Piamater
The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate, contains many blood vessels.
depolarazation
The inside of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions.
Stratum corneum
The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.
Stratum germinativum (basale)
The layer that contains that mitotic viable cells of the epidermis
What does the right hypochondriac contain
The liver
Keratinocytes
The most abundant cells of the epidermis.
impacted break
a fracture in which one bone fragment is driven into the other
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains E. The lowest possible energy usage. F. A relatively stable internal environment, within limits. G. A static state with no deviation from present points. H. A changing state, within an unlimited range.
a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
wave summation
The situation in which contractions because stronger due to a rapid stimulation rate. Partial relaxation occurs between contractions.
arachnoid mater
The weblike, spidery middle meningeal layer.
hypothalamus
This area is the main visceral control center of the body.
Prefrontal area
This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgement, and conscience
What body region is the chest located in
Thoracic region
The dermis is a strong and flexible connective tissue later that literally binds the body together.
True
The nail is actually a modification of the skin and corresponds to the hooves of animals.
True
The outer protective layer of the skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
True
The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis
True
The skin has a surface of 1.5-2 square meters.
True
t/f: Epithelial tissue lacks vascular supply.
True
t/f: Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.
True
t/f: Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein actin.
True
t/f: chromatin consists of DNA and proteins
True
t/f: facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein
True
If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be: A. TGCAA B. ACGTT C. UGCAA D. GUACC
UGCAA
Where are the kidneys, bladder and uterus found
Urinary system
creatine phosphate
Used to convert ADP to ATP by transfer of a high energy phosphate group. A reserve high energy compound.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary or involuntary
Voluntary. You control its actions.
Do all epithelia regenerate
Yes
A sarcomere is the distance between two
Z lines
Ionic bond
a bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved
all-or-none phenomenon
action potentials either happen completely, or not at all
A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates is referred to as a
motor unit!!!
neutron
neutral subatomic particle
The process of bringing a solid substance into the cell is known as ____________________.
phagocytosis
the finger bone is
phalanges
the frontal lobe is responsible for
seat of intelligence, subtract reasoning
deltoid location
shoulder
infraspinatus location
shoulder
movement at what joint has a lot of motion
shoulder
teres major location
shoulder
scalpel is the
shoulder blade
the partial lobe is responsible for
taste
auditory area location
temporal lobe
mass
the amount of matter in an object. does not change.
The oligodendrocytes are branched cells of the CNS.
true
The ratio of brain weight to body weight is about the same for men and women.
true
The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
true
The visual sensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the occipital lobe.
true
Three types of movement known as angular movements are flexion, hyperextension, and extension.
true
Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential between these two points.
true
Whereas skeletal muscle cells are electrically-isolated, smooth muscle cells appear to be electrically-coupled by gap junctions.
true
a mover of the arm would be the deltoid
true
t/f: elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
true
t/f: lipids are a good source of stored energy
true
t/f: most of the mass of an atom is concentrated within the nucleus
true
the diaphragm is involved for breathing
true
the serrates anterior muscle moves the arm
true
ilium
upper area of your hips
maxilla is
upper jaw bone
extensor carpi radialis longus location
wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris location
wrist
flexor carpi radialis location
wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris location
wrist
palmaris longus location
wrist
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the: A. Osteocyte B. Osteoblast C. Osteoclast D. Chondrocyte
b. osteoblast
Comminuted
bone fragments into many pieces
tibialis anterior location
front of lower leg
Somatic motor cortex is located
frontal lobe
motor speech area is located where
frontal lobe
premotor area location
frontal lobe
Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified: A. Structurally into alveolar and acinar types. B. Structurally into ductless and ducted types. C. Functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions. D. All of the above are correct.
functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions
If a splinter penetrated the skin in to the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged A. Granulosum B. Basale C. Lucidum D. Spinosum
granulosum
The three main components of connective tissue are: A. Ground substance, fibers, and cells. B. Alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells. C. Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. D. Fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts.
ground substance, fibers, and cells
calcaneus
heel bone
gastrocneumius location
foot
peroneus longus location
foot
what joint can only do eversion movements
foot
synovial joints
freely moveable joints
where do motor impulses generate
from the frontal lobe
energy can be measured only by its effects on:
matter
rhomboid major
shoulders
The dermis composes the major portion of the skin.
True
extensor digitorum longus location
anterior leg
rectus femoris location
anterior thigh
vastus lateralis location
anterior thigh
Number of electrons equals the number of ________
Protons
Ribosomes
The actual site of protein synthesis
The stratum corneum has how many layers
25 LAYERS OF DEAD CELLS
The stratum corneum has how many layers
5-30
bone tissue is formed in the human embryo
6 weeks
Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens? A. A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein. B. A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material. C. The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged. D. Oxygen enters the vacuole and "burns" the enclosed solid material.
A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.
thalamus
A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei
aerobic respiration
A metabolic pathway which provides for a large amount of ATP per glucose because oxygen is used. Products are water and carbon dioxide and ATP. Large amounts of ATP are produced slowly.
The endocrine system is made up of what
Adrenal glands, pancreas and pituitary
The spindle is formed by the migration of
Centrioles
What has stronger bonds covalent or ionic
Covalent
What cavity is the brain located in
Cranial cavity
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
Resting membrane potential is
-100 millivolts
Connective tissue proper includes: A. Loose, dense, bone, and cartilage B. Adipose tissue C. Bone and cartilage only D. Bone, cartilage, and blood
. Adipose tissue
How much of our bodies are made up of water
60-80%
Keratinocytes are the most important of the epidermal cells because: A. They produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin its protective properties. B. They are able to transform from living cells to plasma membranes and still function. C. They are able to reproduce rapidly. D. They are a powerful defense against the damaging UV rays.
A) produce a fibrous protein that gives the skin much of its protective properties
Cartilaginous joints 1. can be synathrotic or ampiarthrotic 2. contain a joint cavity 3. are lined with serious membrane
A. 1 only
Which of the following athletic endeavors best represent the use of white fibers? A. A sprint by an Olympic runner B. A long, relaxing swim C. A game of doubles in tennis D. None of the above
A. A sprint by an Olympic runner
Muscle tone is: A. A state of sustained partial contraction. B. The feeling of well-being following exercise. C. The ability of a muscle to efficiently cause skeletal movements. D. The condition of athletes after intensive training.
A. A state of sustained partial contraction.
When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body, along the frontal plane, it is called: A. abduction B. adduction C. Circumdiction D. dorsiflexion
A. Abduction
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movements are A. Amphiarthroses B. Synarthroses C. Diarthroses D. Synovial joints
A. Amphiarthroses
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called: A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Neurolemma D. Schwann cell
A. Axon
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian canal) is the site of: A. Blood vessels and nerve fibers B. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts C. Yellow marrow and spicules D. Cartilage and interstitial lammellae
A. Blood vessels and nerve fibers
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called: A. Bursae B. Menisci C. Ligaments D. Tendons
A. Bursae
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle: A. Changes in length and moves the "load" B. Does not change in length but increases tension C. Never converts pyruvate to lactate D. Rapidly resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP
A. Changes in length and moves the "load"
The term " closed reduction" in bone mending refers to: A. Coaxing bone ends back to their normal position by manipultation. B. Surgically securing the bone ends with pins. C. Surgically removing the damaged part of the bone and replacing it with fibrocartilage. D. Injecting the bone with TPC (a biodegradable ceramic substance) because osteoblasts will lay down bone matrix in this substance.
A. Coaxing bone ends back to their normal position by manipultation.
The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tisue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superior surface has a structure called: A. Dermal papillae B. Hair follicles C. Ceruminous glands D. Reticular papillae
A. Dermal papillae
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the: A. Diaphysis B. Metaphysis C. Epiphysis D. Articular cartilage
A. Diaphysis
The rough, leathery meningeal later is the: A. Dura mater B. Subarachnoid C. Arachnoid D. Pia mater
A. Dura mater
Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by: A. Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissues of joints. B. A disorder in the body's immune system resulting in destruction of joints. C. A thickening of the synovial membrane and a decrease in fluid production. D. A bacterial infection in the bursae.
A. Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissues of joints.
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: A. Fat B. Blood forming cells C. Elastic tissue D. Bile
A. Fat
Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are? A. Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis. B. Fingernails are identical to hair but contain ten times as much keratin. C. Fingernails are extensions of the carpal bones. D. Fingernails have nothing to do with skin. They are a separate tissue from a different embryonic layer.
A. Fingernails are a modification of the epidermis.
A sectional vertically through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse
A. Frontal
The central sulcus separates which lobes? A. Frontal from parietal B. Parietal from the occipital C. Temporal from parietal D. Frontal from temporal
A. Frontal from parietal
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements? A. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints. B. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs. C. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
A. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere are called: A. Gyri B. Sulci C. Fissures D. Ganglia
A. Gyri
An action potential: A. Is essential for impulse propagation B. Involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane C. Is initiated by potassium ion movement D. Involves impulse propagation of dependent of chemically gated ion channels
A. Is essential for impulse propagation
Select the correct statement about isotopes: A. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in the atomic weights. B. All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons. C. All the isotopes of an element are radioactive. D. Isotopes are rare, and only occur in the heavier elements.
A. Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in the atomic weights.
Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance? A. It is considered the cause of most diseases. B. The internal environment is becoming more stable. C. Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D. Negative feedback mechanisms take over.
A. It is considered the cause of most diseases.
The small spaces in bone tissue which are the sites of osteocytes are called: A. Lacunae B. Volkmann's canals C. Haversian canals D. Trabeculae
A. Lacunae
Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands? A. Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process. B. Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced after secretion. C. Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves. D. All of the above are correct.
A. Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.
The blood brain barrier is effective against: A. Metabolic waste such as urea B. Nutrients such as glucose C. Alcohol D. Anesthetics
A. Metabolic waste such as urea
Passive membrane transport processes include: A. Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (high-to-low). B. Movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. C. Consumption of ATP. D. The use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration.
A. Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (high-to-low
Which of these ions is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? A. Na B. Cl C. Mg D. Ca
A. Na
The embryonic origin of all neural tissue is the: A. Neural tube B. Telencephalon C. Cerebra ventricles D. Neural crest
A. Neural tube
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? A. Osteoclasts B. Osteocytes C. Chrondrocytes D. Stem cells
A. Osteoclasts
The functional unit of compact bone is: A. Osteon B. Spongy bone C. Lamellar bone D. Osseous matrix
A. Osteon
An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T-11 and L-1. This would result in: A. Paraplegia B. Hemiplegia C. Quadriplegia D. None of the above
A. Paraplegia
A patient has a ruptured appendix. What condition does the medial staff watch for? A. Peritonitis B. Pleurisy
A. Peritonitis
Which statement about enzymes is false? A. Raise activation energy needed to start a reaction. B. Are composed of protein. C. Are organic catalysts. D. May be damaged by high temperature.
A. Raise activation energy needed to start a reaction
An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the: A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Intermediate filament network D. Myofibrilar network
A. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Select the correct statement about serial processing: A. Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing B. Input travels along the several different pathways C. Smells are processed by serial pathways D. Memories are triggered by serial processing
A. Spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing
A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a: A. Sulcus B. Fissure C. Gyrus D. Furrow
A. Sulcus
To produce horizontal wrinkles and move eyebrows in the forehead, which of the following muscles is involve? A. The frontalis B. The zygomaticus major C. The medial pterygoid D. Temporalis
A. The frontalis
A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until: A. The membrane potential has been re-established B. The Na ions have been pumped back into the cell C. Proteins have been resynthesizes D. All of the above are correct
A. The membrane potential has been re-established
When the term "biceps, triceps, or quadriceps" forms part of a muscle's name, you can assume: A. The muscle has two, three, or four origins respectively. B. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscle, respectively. C. The muscle has two, three, or four functions respectively. D. All of the above statements are true.
A. The muscle has two, three, or four origins respectively.
The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? A. The reticular layer B. The subcutaneous later C. The hypodermal layer D. The papillary layer
A. The reticular layer
Hairlike structures called "canaliculi" provide an important function in compact bone. Which statement is not true concerning these structures? A. They reinforce the bone to withstand stress. B. They connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal. C. They permit the nutrients and wastes to be relayed from one osteocyte to another.
A. They reinforce the bone to withstand stress.
In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin? A. To convert modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursors necessary in calcium metabolism B. To aid in the transport of materials throughout the body. C. The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy D. To absorb vitamin C so that skin will not be subject to diseases
A. To convert modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursors necessary in calcium metabolism
Which statement best describes connective tissue? a. Usually contains a large amount of matrix. b. Always arranged in a single layer of cells. c. Primarily concerned with secretion. d. Usually lines a body cavity.
A. Usually contains a large amount of matrix
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is associated with A. The release of energy. B. The consumption of energy. C. a synthesis. D. Forming a larger molecule.
A. release of energy
An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a: A. Suture B. Condyle C. Cartilaginous joint D. Synovial joint
A. suture
What cavity is the intestines located in
Abdominopelvic
What cavity is the uterus located in
Abdominopelvic cavity
Holocrine glands
Accumulate secretions until they rupture
Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps? A. Arrector integument B. Arrector pili C. Levator folliculi D. Arrector folliculi
B) arrector pili
The anatomical position is used: A. Rarely, because people dont usually assume this position. B. As a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body. C. Only when a body is lying down. D. As the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a cadaver.
B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the: A. Spinal cord B. Primary motor cortex C. Rubrospinal tracts
B. Primary motor cortex
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are: A. Common due to the weight-bearing the hip endures. B. Rare because of the ligament reinforcement. C. Common in all people who are overweight. D. Rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint.
B. Rare because of the ligament reinforcement.
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the: A. Thalamus B. Reticular formation C. Pyramids D. Limbic system
B. Reticular formation
One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to A. Indigestible food residues stimulate the excretory system. B. Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them. C. The nervous system causes all living things to sometimes experience anger. D. The necessity for all organisms to reproduce.
B. Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them.
The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the: A. Cell body B. Synapse C. Receptor D. Effector
B. Synapse
Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn? A. Because the pain is acute due to the large number of Meissner's corpuscles. B. The appearance of visible silvery white (stretch marks) scars is an indication of the stretching of the dermis. C. The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue causing "black and blue marks". D. The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.
B. The appearance of visible silvery white (stretch marks) scars is an indication of the stretching of the dermis.
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A. The cells will swell and ultimately burst. B. The cells will lose water and shrink. C. The cells will shrink at first but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to original conditions. D. The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.
B. The cells will lose water and shrink
The vital centers for the control of the heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in: A. The pons B. The medulla C. The midbrain D. The cerebrum
B. The medulla
Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands. A. Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type. B. The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing. C. Exocrine glands lack ducts. D. Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell.
B. The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.
The genetic information is coded in DNA by: The regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules. The sequence of the nucleotides (A, C, T, G). The 3-dimensional structure of the double helix. The structure of the histones.
B. The sequence of the nucleotides (A, C, T, G).
Wolff's law is concerned with: A. Vertical growth of bones being dependent on age. B. The thickness and shape of a bone being depended on stresses placed upon it. C. The function of bone being dependent on shape. D. The electrical currents occurring on bone surfaces.
B. The thickness and shape of a bone being depended on stresses placed upon it.
The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges? A. Ever human being has the same pattern of ridges. B. They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.
B. They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.
Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n): A. Organ B. Tissue C. Organism D. Organ system
B. Tissue
Histology could be defined as study of A. Cells. B. Tissues C. Chemistry of cells D. Gross structures of the body
B. Tissues
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane proteins? a. Circulating antibody b. Transmembrane molecular transport c. Forms a lipid bilayer d. Oxygen transport
B. Transmembrane molecular transport
Cartilage is found in strategic places in the human skeleton. What element is responsible for the resilience of cartilage? A. Hydroxyapatite B. Water C. Calcium influx D. Phosphate
B. Water
The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is: A. Primarily uric acid. B. Water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C. C. Fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins. D. The major portion of the materials secreted by the eccrine glands is metabolic wastes.
B. Water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C.
The dermis: A. Is an avascular connective tissue layer. B. When tanned, is "leathery" in appearance (hide-like). C. Lacks sensory corpuscles and glands. D. Is where melanocyte are found.
B. When tanned, is "leathery" in appearance (hide-like).
Vernix caseosa is a: A. Substance contributing to acne during teenage years. B. Whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands. C. Coat of fine downy hair on the heads of baldling men.
B. Whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands.
The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is A. Elastic fiber B. Collagen fiber C. Reticular fiber D. Muscle fiber
B. collagen fibers
Which heals faster bone or cartilage
Bone
What body region is the arm located in
Brachial
Digestive
Breaks down ingested food in preparation for absorption
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and the muscles in the form of: A. Glucose B. Triglycerides. C. Glycogen. D. Cholesterol.
C Glycogen
Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.
If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon: 1. The impulse would move to the axon terminal only 2. Muscle contraction would occur 3. The impulse would spread bidirectionally A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 2 and 3 D. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
Each primary tissue type is given a single descriptive term. Which is correct? 1. Connective: covering 2. Epithelia: support 3. Nervous: control 4. Muscular: movement A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2, 3, and 4
C. 3 and 4
Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue. A. There is a little blood-forming marrow in only a few long bones of an adult. B. The sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue. C. A and B are correct.
C. A and B are correct.
Melanocytes: A. Are spider-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basale. B. Produces a substance incorporated by other cells. C. A and B are correct.
C. A and b are correct
The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is: a. A single layered membrane that surrounded the nucleus of the cell. b. A double layer of protein enclosing the plasma. c. A phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. d. A membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.
C. A phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
A neuron which has an its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called: A. An efferent neuron B. An afferent neuron C. An association neuron D. A glial cells
C. An association neuron
A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be A. A complex tissue B. An organ system C. An organ D. A complex cell
C. An organ
which of the following is not true of a protein? A. May be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity. B. Some types are called enzymes. C. Appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information. D. Function depends on the 3-dimensional shape.
C. Appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information
The process of bones increasing in width is known as: A. Closing of the epiphyseal plate B. Long bones reaching adult length and width C. Appositional growth D. Concentric growth
C. Appositional growth
Phospholipids: A. Are exclusively hydrophilic molecules. B. Contain polar tails and non-polar head groups. C. Are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. D. From the lipid bilayer with tails directed to the outside.
C. Are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature
The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is: A. It is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock. B. It has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock. C. Because the major part of its make-up its adipose, and adipose tissue serves as an effective shock absorber. D. Because the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus.
C. Because the major part of its make-up its adipose, and adipose tissue serves as an effective shock absorber.
Osteogenesis is the process of: A. Bone resorption B. Bone remodeling C. Bone formation
C. Bone formation
The term "central nervous system" refers to the: A. Autonomic nervous sytem B. Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C. Brain and spinal cord D. Spinal cord and spinal nerves
C. Brain and spinal cord
The two types of sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct? A. Eccrine are the most numerous, being found primarily in the axillary regions. B. Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine, and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin. C. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to repel insects. D. Both A and B are correct.
C. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to repel insects.
An epithelial membrane: A. Usually involves transitional epithelium. B. Is formed of epithelium plus smooth muscle. C. Contains simple or stratified epithelia plus connective tissue. D. Never contains mucus forming cells
C. Contains simple or stratified epithelia plus connective tissue
Which statement about aging is most accurate? A. The brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life B. Synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35 C. Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life. D. Learning throughout the adult aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation.
C. Despite some neuronal loss, changing synaptic connections support additional learning throughout life.
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A. Gross anatomy- the study of structures visible to the eye. B. Microscopic anatomy- the study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C. Developmental anatomy- the study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age. D. Embryology- the study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth
C. Developmental anatomy: study of the changes in an individual from birth through old age
If one incoming impulse causes several outgoing nerve impulses we know that there is a: A. Converging circuit B. Concentration effect C. Diverging circuit D. Reverberating circuit
C. Diverging circuit
A neurosurgeon orders a spinal tap for a patient. Into what body cavity will the needle be inserted? A. Ventral B. Thoracic C. Dorsal D. Cranial E. Pelvic
C. Dorsal
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands? A. Sebaceous and merocrine B. Mammillary and ceruminous C. Eccrine and apocrine D. Holocrine and mammillary
C. Eccrine and apocrine
The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer; which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis? A. Goblet cells, parietal cells, and Kupffer cells B. Monocytes, reticulocyte, and osteocyte C. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells D. Osteoblast, osteoclasis, and epithelial cells
C. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
The first step in tissue repair involves (which of these happens first?): A. Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells. B. Proliferation of fibers connective tissue. C. Formation of granulation tissue. D. Formation of scar tissue.
C. Formation of granulation tissue.
Collections if the nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called: A. Nuclei B. Nerves C. Ganglia D. Tracts
C. Ganglia
The function of the vestibulocochlear nerve concerns: A. Vision and hearing B. Smell and taste C. Hearing and balance D. Fine and gross motor control
C. Hearing and balance
Myoglobin: A. Breaks down glycogen. B. Is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP. C. Holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells. D. Produces the end plate potential.
C. Holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells.
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated by which of the following: A. High temperatures B. When the air temperature drops C. Hormones, especially androgens D. As a protective coating when one is swimming
C. Hormones, especially androgens
Apocrine glands which, begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem not to be useful in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body? A. In all body regions and buried deep in the dermis B. Beneath the flexure lines in the body C. In the axillary and anogenital area D. The palms of the hands and soles of the feet
C. In the axillary and anogenital area
Ossification of the ends of long bones: A. Is characteristic of intramembranous bone formation. B. Involves medullary cavity formation. C. Is characterized by secondary ossification. D. Takes twice as long as the diaphysis.
C. Is characterized by secondary ossification.
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A. Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B. Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D. Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
C. Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body
The substance released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n)? A. Ion B. Cholinesterase C. Neurotransmitter D. Biogenic amine
C. Neurotransmitter
Schwann cells are functionally similar to: A. Ependymal cell B. Microglia C. Oligodendrocytes D. Astrocytes
C. Oligodendrocytes
Cell junctions which promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all the following except: A. Gap junctions B. Desmosomes C. Peroxisomes D. Tight junctions
C. Peroxisomes
Which is the correct sequence of neuron development? A. Differentiation, proliferation, migration B. Migration, proliferation, differentiation C. Proliferation, migration, differentiation D. Migration, differentiation, proliferation
C. Proliferation, migration, differentiation
Place the following parts of the reflex arc in proper sequence: A. Effector- motor neuron- integration center- sensory neuron- receptor B. Receptor- motor neuron- integration center- sensory neuron- effector C. Receptor- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- effector D. Effector- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- receptor
C. Receptor- sensory neuron- integration center- motor neuron- effector
A sectional vertically through the body, dividing it into left and right, is: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse
C. Sagittal
Menisci refers to: A. A cavity within a long bone. B. A small sac containing synovial fluid. C. Semilunar cartilage pads. D. A tendon sheath.
C. Semilunar cartilage pads
Inability to absorb digest nutrients and secrete mucous might indicate a disorder in which tissue? A. Simple squamous B. Transitional C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous
C. Simple columnar
A single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes is: A. Simple transitional B. Simple columnar C. Simple squamous D. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple squamous
Mr. J.H. was injured in an accident that completely served his spinal cord at the lever of T-12. You would expect to find all the following except: A. Paralysis of the lower extremities B. Loss of sensation below injured level C. Slurred speech
C. Slurred speech
If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a: A. Sesamoid bone found at a joint. B. Cavity within a long bone. C. Small sac containing fluid. D. None of the above are correct.
C. Small sac containing fluid.
Which of the following is an example of retraction? A. Brining the arm back to the side of the body. B. Returning from a bending to an upright position. C. Squaring shoulders as in a military stance. D. The anatomical position is an example of retraction.
C. Squaring shoulders as in a military stance.
Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. A. Simple epithelia from impermeable barriers. B. Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. C. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. D. Pseudostratified epithelia consists of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.
C. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.
A muscle group that works with and assists the action of another muscle is a(an): A. Antagonist B. Fixator C. Synergist D. Protagonist
C. Synergist
DNA replication: A. Can also be called mitosis. B. Is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action. C. Takes place during interphase of the cell cycle. D. Occurs only in transitionally active areas.
C. Takes place during interphase of the cell cycle.
The primary auditory cortex is located in the: A. Prefrontal lobe B. Frontallobe C. Temporal lobe D. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe
Which body cavity contains the pleural and pericardial cavities? A. Abdominal cavity B. Pelvic cavity C. Thoracic cavity D. Dorsal cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
The structure of bones suits the function. Which of the following bones is adapted to withstand stress? A. Spongy bone B. Compact bone C. Trabecular bone (trabeculae)
C. Trabecular bone (trabeculae)
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bike is most likely to have sustained damage to the: A. Calcarine cortex B. Primary visual area C. Visual association area D. Lateral geniculate body
C. Visual association area
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. Body temperature regulation. Regulating glucose levels in the blood. Enhancement of labor contractions. Blood calcium level regulation
C. enhancement of labor contractions
Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the events of excitation-contraction coupling occur.
C. latent period
What body region is the head located in
Cephalic region
Metaphase
Chromosomes align on the spindle equator
Anaphase
Chromosomes centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.
axon
Conducts impulses away from the nerve cell body.
dendrites
Conducts impulses toward the nerve cell body. .
A sarcomere is: A. The functional unit of skeletal muscle. B. The area between two Z lines. C. The area between two intercalated discs. D. A and B are both correct.
D. A and B are both correct.
Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. A. Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. B. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. C. Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant. D. Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
D) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
Which of the following statements defines "synchondroses"? A. Amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility. B. Interphalangeal joints. C. A joint that permits angular movements. D. A cartilaginous joint where a bar of hyaline cartilage unites the bones.
D. A cartilaginous joint where a bar of hyaline cartilage unites the bones.
The function of the root hair plexus is to: A. Serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after after the resting stage has passed. B. Bind the hair root to the dermis C. cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle. D. Allow the hair to assist in touch sensation.
D) allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
Subdivisions of anatomy include: A. Gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic. B. Gross, regional, dissection, and surface. C. Regional, surface, visual, and microscopic. D. Gross, regional, systemic, and surface.
D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface
Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue. A. Connective tissue does not contain cells. B. Connective tissue cells are non-dividing. C. Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper. D. "Blast" cells are actively-dividing cells.
D. "Blast" cells are actively-dividing cells.
Fibrous joints: A. Do not have a joint cavity. B. Allow movement depending on the length of connective tissue fibers holding the bones together. C. Contain significant amounts of hyaline cartilage to absorb shock. A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 2
D. 1 and 2
Which of the following is most likely a direct cause of breakdown? 1. Destruction of endothelial cells 2. Modification of tight junctions 3. Loss of astrocytes as the forming cells of the barrier A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 2
D. 1 and 2
Which of the following cavities houses the heart? 1. Pericardial 2. Thoracic 3. Dorsal 4. Ventral A. 1 only B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 2, 3, and 4 D. 1, 2, and 4
D. 1, 2 and 4
In order for the body to respond to both external and internal changes, several components are necessary: 1. Sensor- detects changes 2. Control center: determines response 3. Input pathway: to control center (afferent) 4. Output pathway: from control center (efferent) A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 2, 3, and 4 C. 1 and 3, plus one other missing component D. 1, 2, 3, 4, plus one other missing component
D. 1, 2, 3, 4, plus one missing component
The cerebellum: 1. Receives information from the cerebral motor cortex and body proprioceptors 2. Assesses incoming information and calculates the optimum coordination of the muscle activity 3. Sends the "blueprint" for muscle coordination to the motor cortex A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
Mr. T. J. was injured in an accident, resulting in trauma to the reticular formation. What symptom(s) would you expect to see? A. Hypervigilance and hallucinations B. Unilateraltremors C. Photicflashes D. A state of reduced alertness
D. A state of reduced alertness
Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include: A. Mast cells B. Fibroblasts C. Macrophage D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The dorsal cavity contains the A. Cranial cavity B. Vertabrael cavity C. Spinal cord D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The plasma membrane is important for which of the following reasons? A. It is selectively permeable. B. It contains the cell contents. C. It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition. D. All of the above are correct.
D. All of the above
Tissue changes during aging can be seen in: A. Connective tissue B. Epithelium C. Muscle D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is (are) the function(s) of the skeletal system? A. Support B. Storage of minerals C. Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membrane? A. Ions can move passively across membranes though leakage channels B. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration C. Ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes D. All of the above
D. All of the above
White matter of the spinal cord: A. Is composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers B. Ascends to higher CNS centers C. Descends to lower levels D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Muscles can be classified according to which of the following? A. Their location B. Their shape C. The type of action they cause D. All of the above statements are true
D. All of the above statements are true
Which of the following cellular phenomena would be affected by the absence of microtbules? A. Motility B. The arrangement of cell organelles C. Cell division D. All of the above would be affected
D. All of the above would be affected
People often wonder why hair on arms and legs never grows as long as the hair on one's head. The reason for this is: A. Because the friction inhibits hair growth. B. Because there are no sebaceous glands on the arms and legs. C. Because the follicles only produce vellum hair and this type of hair never grows as long as terminal hair. D. Because the life span of the follicles of arm and leg hair is several months while the follicles of the scalp are viable for several years.
D. Because the life span of the follicles of arm and leg hair is several months while the follicles of the scalp are viable for several years.
Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the repair process. A. The type of tissue injured is an important factor. B. Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair. C. The age of the person is a factor in the repair process. D. Both A and C are correct.
D. Both A and a care correct
Chrondroblasts: A. Are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lucunae. B. Within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix. C. Located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on he external surface of the cartilage. D. Both B and C are correct.
D. Both B and C are correct
Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How would a physician estimate the volume of fluid lost in a severe burn patient? A. By measuring urinary output and intake B. By observing the tissues that are usually moist C. Through blood analysis D. By using the "rule of nines"
D. By using the "rule of nines"
Cells are composed mainly of A. Carbon, potassium, sodium, nitrogen. B. Carbon, sodium, nitrogen, calcium. C. Calcium, oxygen, sodium, potassium. D. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
D. Calcium, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
_________are the major fuel for the cell and _______ are used as building blocks. ________is the gas delivered by the cardiovascular system to all cells of the body. A. Unsaturated fats, carbohydrates, oxygen. B. Carbohydrates, fats, carbon dioxide. C. Proteins, fats, oxygen. D. Carbohydrats, proteins, oxygen.
D. Carbohydrates, proteins, oxygen
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth? A. Growth of the lining of the long bones. B. Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and from cartilage. C. Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage. D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
D. Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
The following characteristics define what type of joint: presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments? A. Suture B. Synchondrosis C. Symphysis D. Hinge joint
D. Hinge joint
The most important factor influencing hair growth is: A. Sex B. Age C. The size and number of hair follicles. D. Hormones.
D. Hormones.
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A. Innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B. Innervation of cardiac muscle C. Innervation of glands D. Innervation of skeletal muscle
D. Innervation of skeletal muscle
The cerebrospinal fluid: A. Is secreted by the arachnoid villi B. Enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space C. Is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles D. Is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
D. Is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
Pseduostratified cuboidal epithelium: A. Lines the respiratory tact. B. Aids in digestion. C. Possesses numerous goblet cells. D. Is not an epithelial classification
D. Is not an epithelial classification
Athletes sometimes complain of "oxygen debt", a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result the pyruvic acid is converted to: A. Acetic acid B. Stearic acid C. Hydrochloric acid D. Lactic acid
D. Lactic acid
The ventricles that lie within the cerebral hemisphere are the: A. Third and fourth ventricles B. Lateral aperatures C. Foramena D. Lateral ventricles
D. Lateral ventricles
Injured to the hypothalamus may result in all the following except: A. Pathologic sleep B. Loss of body temperature control C. Production of excessive quantities of urine D. Loss of proprioception (balance)
D. Loss of proprioception (balance)
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result? A. Oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligament B. Suprapatellar C. Arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate D. Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
D. Medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
Survival needs of the body include: A. Nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction. B. Nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction. C. Water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement. D. Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.
D. Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.
The posterior side of the patella would be called: A. Sural B. Crural C. Antecubital D. Popliteal
D. Popliteal
Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage? A. The skin is protected by the synthesis of the three pigments that contribute to the skin's color. B. Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corner and hypodermic adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight. C. The skin is protected by increasing the number of Langerhans' cells, which help to activate the immune system. D. Prolonged sun exposure induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.
D. Prolonged sun exposure induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.
The role of acetylcholinesterase is to: A. Act as a transmitting agent B. Amplify or enhance the effect of Ach C. Destroy Ach a brief period after its release by the axonal endings D. Stimulate the production of serotonin
D. Stimulate the production of serotonin
A multi-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as: A. Simple cuboidal B. Simple squamous C. Transitional D. Stratified squamous
D. Stratified squamous
Fibrous joints are classified as: A. Pivot, hinge, and ball and socket. B. Symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular. C. Hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal. D. Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.
D. Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.
A red blood cell placed in pure water would A. Shrink. B. Swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached. C. Neither shrink nor swell. D. Swell and burst.
D. Swell and burst
Select the correct statement about synapses: A. Cells with interconnected cytoplasm are chemically coupled B. The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled C. Neurotransmitters receptors are located on the axons of cells D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another
D. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another
Muscle tissue has all the following properties except: A. Excitability B. Contractibility C. Extensibility D. Transmissibility
D. Transmissibility
A section horizontally through the body is called: A. Frontal B. Regional C. Sagittal D. Transverse
D. Transverse
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the bones of the hands that articulate to form a saddle joint: A. The scaphoid of the index finger and the triquestral of the middle finger. B. The trapezium of the ring finger and the capitate of the fourth finger. C. The scaphoid of the middle finger and lunate of the index finger. D. Trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.
D. Trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.
Where is the esophagus, large intestine and rectum found
Digestive system
Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue differ by the
Direction of fibers
Muscular
Directly causes mechanical motion
Which is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? E. Concussion F. Hemorrhage G. Swelling
E. Concussion
WhT are the cardiac muscle closed junctions called
Interested discs
What is smooth muscles involved in
Involved in contraction of the digestive tract, emptying of the bladder, the birth process.
dense regular connective tissue
Major component of tendons
Pons function
Management of sleep, arousal, and facial expressions. (4)
Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure? A. Meissmer's corpuscles B. Pacinian corpuscles C. Free nerve endings D. Krause's end bulbs
Meissner's corpuscles
Most exorcise glands in humans are
Merocrine
Vitamin d
Must be activated in the skin in order to enhance calcium metabolism
Which of the following is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses? A. Fe B. I C. P D. Na
Na.
Abdominal cavity
Name of cavity
Thoracic cavity
Name of cavity
Vertebral cavity
Name of cavity
cranial cavity
Name of cavity
Mitochondria
Powerhouses of the cell, most important site of ATP production
Immune
Produces antibodies which neutralize foreign substances
aerolar connective tissue
Protects and supports soft tissues- acts as a packaging material
integumentary system
Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesize vitamin D
Skeletal
Provides support and levers for muscles to work on
pronator teres location
Proximal forearm
The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is called the dermis.
True
Primary motor cortex
The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.
Langerhans
The cells that are found in to function in immunity
Golgi apparatus
The cellular "packaging site" for substances that are to be exported from the cell
Consider the following statements concerning transcription/translation. Which one is the most correct? A. The nucleotide sequence in an mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. B. The nucleotide sequence in an mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine. C. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it. D. The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine.
Plasma membrane
The outermost boundary of the cell, confines its contents and regulates transport of substances into and out of the cell
treppe
The phenomenon in which the contraction strength of a muscle increases, due to increased enzyme efficiency during the warm-up.
Keratin
The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin
Each daughter cell has how much of the chromosomes of the parents cell
The same number
The apocrine sweat glands are fairly unimportant in thermoregulation.
True
(T/F) Complementary of structure and function means that the structure of a part reflects its function
True
A physician is often able to detect homeostatic imbalances in the body by observing changes in the skin color.
True
During the resting phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive.
True
Hair growth and density are influenced by hormones, nutrition, and in some cases, life style.
True
Melanocytes are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis.
True
Merkel cells are associated with a disc-like sensory nerve ending and together they are called "Merkel discs" that function as touch sensory receptors.
True
Scent glands are modified sweat glands.
True
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are scattered over the entire body, and the product of these glands contributes to temperature control in humans.
True
T/F: It is important to any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains district from the external environment surrounding it
True
T/F: It is widely believed that mitochondria may have arisen from a type of bacterium that took up residence in the ancient ancestors of modern cells.
True
T/F: Squamous cells are flattened, scalelike cells.
True
T/F: The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.
True
T/F: The function of gap junctions is to allow the direct passage of chemical substances between adjacent cells.
True
T/F: The major function of serous membranes is to reduce friction
True
T/F: Transitional epithelium resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal depending on conditions in the body.
True
T/F: a tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
True
T/F: microtubules are hollow tubes made of protein.
True
T/F: regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanics, have at least three independent components
True
T/F: the control of blood glucose levels by pancreatic hormones is an example of a negative feedback mechanism
True
T/F:A synthesis reaction always involves bond formation.
True
T/f: All connective tissues arise from mesenchyme
True
T/f: Blood is considered a type of connective tissues.
True
T/f: Carbs are the preferred source for fueling cellular activity
True
T/f: Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of reticular fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
True
T/f: Endocrine glands are often called ductless glands.
True
T/f: Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.
True
T/f: Muscle and connective tissues develop from mesoderm
True
T/f: Neurons have branched cytoplasmic extensions that may extend long distances.
True
T/f: Smooth muscle cells possess one nucleus but lack striations.
True
T/f: The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.
True
T/f: in osmosis, movement of water occurs towards the solution with the higher solute concentration (or lower water concentration)
True
T/f:Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.
True
A gene can Best be defined as A. A three base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid. B. Non-coding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long. C. A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain (protein). D. An RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide.
a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
Weeping lubrication: 1. Is found in synovial joints. 2. Involves interstitial fluid lubricating the collagenous fibers of fibrous joints. 3. Occurs after injury to cartilaginous joints. A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 3 only D. 2 and 3
a. 1 only
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex his knee? A. hamstrings b.gluteal muscles c. brachioradialis d. soleus
a. hamstrings
The most abundant skeletal cartilage is: A. Hyaline B. Elastic C. Fibrocartilage D. Epiphyseal cartilage
a. hyaline
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane A. Lining the thoracic cavity B. Covering the heart C. None of the above are correct
a. lining the thoracic cavity
Saltatory conduction is made possible by: A. The myelin sheath B. Largenervefibers C. Diphasicimpulses D. Erratic transmission of nerve impulses
a. myelin sheath
Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? A. Synaptic cleft B. Nisslbodies C. Dendrites D. Axon
a. synaptic cleft
the rectus adbomis is located where
abdomen wall muscles by the backbone
What cavity is the bladder located in
abdominopelvic
What cavity is the stomach located in
abdominopelvic
moving the leg away from the midline
abduction
soleus location
ankle
matter
anything that occupies space and possess mass
where do landerhans cells arise from and what is the role
arise from the epidermis and have the main role of immunity
latissimus dorsi location
arm (humerus)
pectarolis major location
arm (humerus)
The part of the neuron that receives stimuli is called A. Axon B. Dendrite C. Neurolemma D. Schwann cell
b. dendrite
the overall function of a protein is directly determined by B. The primary structure (shape) of the protein. C. Enzymes that "mold" the shape of the protein. D. The position of the peptide bonds.
b. the primary structure (shape) of the protein
the erector spinae group is located where
backbone
the hip joint is a
ball and socket joint
angular movements
bending the foot in the direction of the upper surface
sternum is
breast bone
gluteus maximus location
buttocks
An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle is: A. Cholinesterase B. Norepinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Gamma aminobutyric acid
c. acetylcholine
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of: A. Sodium, calcium, and vitamin E B. Potassium, phosphate, and vitamin D C. Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D D. Vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
c. calcium, phosphate and vitamin D
A neuronal circuit which concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a: A. Diverging circuit B. Oscillating circuit C. Converging circuit D. Parallel circuit
c. converging circuit
which of the following is the major positive ion inside cells A. Nitrogen B. Hydrogen C. Potassium D. Carbon
c. potassium
The nervous system exhibits all these major functions except: A. Monitoring changes B. Integrating impulses C. Storing calcium D. Effecting responses
c. storing calcium
Spongy bones are made up of plates called: A. Osteons B. Lamellae bone C. Trabeculae D. Osseous lamellae
c. trabecular
A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over is a: A. Diverging circuit B. Converging circuit C. Reverberating circuit D. Repetitive circuit
c.Reverberating circuit
The four elements that make up about 96% of the body matter are
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
the wrist bones are
carpals
zygomatic
cheek bone
When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work. what type of energy
chemical energy
The cerebrospinal fluid helps to protect the brain and cord shock. It is filtered into the ventricles through the ________ .
choroids plexus
Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of
circumdiction
clavicle is the
collar bone
dry ice is a compound or element
compound
water is a compound or element
compound
Endocrine
controls the body with chemicals called hormones
Cerebellum function
coordination of voluntary movements and balance
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? A. Basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum B. Gasale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum C. Granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum D. Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule A. H2O B. NaCl C. NaOH D. CH4
d. CH4
paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex his thigh a. biceps b. vastus medialis c. soleus d. iliopsoas
d. iliopsoas
The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the: A. Resting period B. Repolarization C. Depolarization D. Refractory period
d. refractory period
Simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract is characterized by: A. Dense microvilli B. Rich vascular supply C. Fibroblasts D. Cilia
dense microvilli
Tendons are made of
dense regular connective tissue proper
Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of: A. Absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin. B. Utilizing the product of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. C. The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. D. Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis
The fingers are ________ to the wrist.
distal
The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
false / can only exhibit adduction
Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor, or the flow of ions across a membrane.
electrical energy
cation
electrically charged particle due to the loss of an electron
carbon is a compound or element
element
potassium is a compound or element
element
The tissue type that arises from all three embryonic germ layers is: A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Nervous tissue D. Muscle tissue
epithelial tissue
frontalis is
eyebrows
orbicularis occuli
eyes
neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool, and are not easily excited are
facilitated zone
A functional center found within the cerebellum is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.
false
A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is pronation.
false
A nerve cell and all the muscle cells that it stimulates is referred to as a motor end plate.
false
Although cartilage is avascular, it generally repairs itself rapidly
false
An aponeurosis is a rope-like piece of muscle fascia that forms indirect connections to muscles of the leg.
false
Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human embryo is completely formed at six months gestation (in the womb).
false
During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.
false
In the neuron, the rough ER is also known as neurofibrils.
false
Large diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses more slowly then so small diameter fibers.
false
Meningitis is the most accurate term for the inflammation of neurons.
false
Motor impulses from the cortex always originate in the occipital lobe.
false
Movement at the hip joint has as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.
false
Moving the arm in full circle is an example of rotation.
false
Moving the leg away from the midline would be adduction.
false
Muscle fatigue and soreness are caused by a built up of pyruvic acid.
false
Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool, and are not easily excited by an incoming stimulus, are in the discharge zone.
false
One of the major functions of the pons is to regulate the endocrine system by producing releasing factors that control the function of the anterior pituitary.
false
Oxygen debt refers only to the oxygen required to make creatine phosphate.
false
Peristalsis is characteristic of cardiac muscle.
false
The all or none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place.
false
The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.
false
The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves nor blood vessels.
false
The right cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant.
false
The spinal cord ends at the level of T-12.
false
an extender muscle of the arm is the brachialis
false
from time to time
false
t/f: the number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of neutrons
false
t/fAbout 60 to 80 percent of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.
false ( 60-80% of you is water)
t/f: a molecule consisting of one carbon atom and to oxygen atoms is correctly written as 2CO
false (CO2)
t/f:Lipids are the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity.
false (carbs)
t/f:Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.
false (neutrons)
t/f: covalent bonds are generally weaker than ionic bonds
false (stronger)
Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function.
false /
Action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes
false / can be generated by some
the thigh bone is the
femur
biceps brachii location
forearm
brachiialis
forearm
brachioradialis location
forearm
triceps brachii location
forearm
The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of A. Stratified columnar epithelium B. Three layers of keratinized cells only C. Four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each cell type with a specific function.
four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function
The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of: A. Stratified columnar epithelium B. Three layers of keratinized cells only C. Four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each cell type with a specific function.
four different cell shapes found in five distinct layers, each cell shape with a special function
oxygen debt refers to the oxygen required to make
glucose out of lactic acid
what hemisphere is more dominant in the brain
left
the upper arm bone is
humerus
what controls the endocrine system
hypothalamus
Strong stimuli cause the frequency of nerve impulses to
increase
inflammation of neurons
insephilitis
weight
is a function of and varies with gravity
Sternocleidomastoid
is located in the neck
masseter is located where
jaw
platysma is located where
jaw
temporalis is located where
jaw
Muscle fatigue and soreness are caused by a built up of
lactic acid
the temporal lobe is responsible for
language/speech comprehension
osteoclasts
large multinucleate cells that are found in the bone
pelvic floor muscles
levator ani external urethreral sphincter external anal sphincter bulbospongiosus
dorsiflexion
lifting foot towards shin
Endothelium
lines heart and blood vessels
zygomaticus is where
lips
what could injury of the brain lead to
localized breakdown of the blood brain barrier
Sternohyoid
located in the larynx in the neck muscle
pictorial girdles are
located in the shoulder
neuron cell body
location of the nucleus
the mandible is
lower jaw
The integumentary system is protected by our immune system through the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this immune function? A. Cells found in the stratum spinosum B. Macrophages called "Langerhans" C. Keratinocytes, because they are so versatile D. T cells, because they are the most important cells of the immune system.
macrophages called Langerhans' cells
legs moving the pedals of a bicycle is an example of what type of energy
mechanical
The bridge of the nose is _______ to the left eye
medial
vastus medialis location
medial anterior thigh
adductor Magnus location
medial thigh
gracilis location
medial thigh
Inflammation of the brain coverings that may be due to pathogenic bacteria.
meningitis
Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? A. Stereocilia B. Microvilli C. Cilia D. Flagella
microvilli
The thicker filaments are the ________ filaments.
myosin
pectorals major
neck, shoulders
electron
negatively charged particle
Genetic info is coded in DNA regular alternation of
nucleotide bases
How do isotopes differ
number of neutrons
visual areas location
occipital lobe
compound break
open, bone protrudes through the skin
The presence of lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels would indicate: A. Cartilage tissue B. Fibrocartilaginous tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Areolar tissue
osseous tissue
cranial bones
parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
primary sensory cortex location
partial lobe
the hip bones are
pelvic girdles
What cavity is the heart located in?
pericardial cavity
What cavity is the lungs located in
pleural cavity
A long chain of simple sugars is called a
polysaccharide
extensor digitorum location
posterior forearm
The dorsal aspect of the human body is also its: A. Anterior surface B. Posterior surface C. Lateral aspect D. Superior aspect
posterior surface
Semitendinosus location
posterior thigh
biceps femoris location
posterior thigh
rotation
primary movement permitted in a pivot joint
Vellus hairs
short, fine, pale hairs barely visible to the naked eye
The upper arm is ________ to the forearm
proximal
axonal terminal
releases neurotransmitters
the diaphragm is located where
rib cage
the intercostals are located where
rib cage
lamellae
rings of calcification that are found in bone
palatine
roof of the mouth bone
tendons are
rope like
the only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is
rotation
occipitals is
scalp
Root hair plexus
sensory nerves surrounds the base of each hair follicles.
Bones are classified by
shape
cartilage repairs itself
slowly
canaluculi
small channels that radiate through the bone matrix
who conducts impulses slower large or small diameter fibers
small diameter fibers
molecule
smallest particle of a property which still retains its properties
atom
smallest particle of an element which retains its properties
Peristalsis is characteristic of
smooth muscle
The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement? A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum granulosum C. Stratum germinativum ( also called stratum basale) D. Stratum lucidum
stratum germinativum (stratum basal)
Normally the cerebrospinal fluid flows freely from the ventricle into the _________ .
subarachnoid space
The heart is ______ to the stomach
superior
A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior
supination
subdivisions of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
the ligament that unties the tibia and fibula is an example of
syndesmosis
Respiratory system
system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs
the ankle bone is the
tarsal and metatarsal
threshold stimulus
the intensity of stimulus below which no response is elecited in a neuron
endosteum
the lining of the marrow cavity
where are centers that control respiratory function
the medulla obligata
nissl bodies
the rough ER of the cell
The motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
true
the external oblique is located where
the trunk
the internal oblique is located where
the trunk
illiopsas
thigh
pectinous location
thigh
semimembraneous location
thigh
tesnor fasciae latae location
thigh
The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated neural processes.
true
the shinbone is located
tibia
the leg bones are
tibia and fibula
phalanges
toe bones
extender muscle of the arm is
triceps brachii
"Jet lag" which affects our biological clock, could be related to pineal gland function.
true
A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but is tension increases, is called "isometric".
true
A disorder of joints with the symptoms of degeneration of the articular cartilage and spur formation is known as osteoarthritis.
true
A gomphosis is considered a fibrous joint.
true
A lateral (horizontal) blow to an extended knee is the most dangerous type of injury to that joint.
true
A motor neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector.
true
A part of the diencephalons structure is formed by the hypothalamus
true
A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering inflammation.
true
A pivot joint will exhibit rotation.
true
A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.
true
Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS.
true
All muscle cells are elongated and are therefore called muscle fibers.
true
All synovial joints are freely moveable diarrhetic joints
true
Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments.
true
Bending of the tips of the finger exhibits flexion.
true
Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.
true
Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.
true
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain
true
Difficulty in breathing may reflect damage to respiratory centers located in the medulla and pons.
true
During depolarization, the inside of the neurons membrane becomes less negative.
true
Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor.
true
Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
true
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.
true
In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain red bone marrow.
true
Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other.
true
Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.
true
Neurons do not undergo mitosis in the adult.
true
Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.
true
Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.
true
Rigor mortis is caused by cessation of ATP synthesis and the irreversible cross linking of actin and myosin.
true
Skeletal muscle is called "voluntary" because it is the only type of muscle usually subject to conscious control.
true
Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the thalamus.
true
T/F: Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.
true
T/F:A charged particle is correctly called an ion.
true
The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a role in joint stability
true
The effect of the neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its permeability properties temporarily.
true
The extensor digitorum is a prime mover of finger extension and abducts fingers.
true
The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation (recruitment).
true
The limbic system acts as our emotional brain.
true
The major function of tendon sheaths and bursar is to reduce friction between adjacent structures during activity that stresses the joint.
true
The medulla is anatomically associated with the cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, and 12.
true
the forearm bone is
ulna and radius
the sacrum is
vertebrae located in the pelvis
WHAT HAPPENS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE
vessels constrict
what happens with high temperature
vessels dilate causing skin to be red and pink
does the periosteum consist of blood vessels
yes to make osteoclasts