Cumulative Exam Review, English Cumulative Exam Review, Unit test 2, Unit Review English, 10th LIT TEST, English (B) Cumulative Exam, Summer School ELA Exam Review

How does the illustration relate to the description of a Great House in the text?

c. The illustration shows what a Great House looked like from the outside, while the text explains what a Great House looked like from the inside.

Which central ideas are developed in chapters 3 and 4 of Animal Farm? Select two options.

c. The pigs use language and propaganda as tools. d.Only the pigs are able to learn to read and write.

How does Orwell use irony in this excerpt?

c. The text shows that the animals expected a different outcome than the reality they are facing.

Read the sentence. Because of the high winds, the fire may spread rapidly, and we have been ordered to evacuate. What type of sentence is this?

c. a compound sentence

Which inference does this passage support?

c. as sugar became increasingly available to the English, they wanted to acquire even more of it.

Which rules must be followed for an MLA citation to be correct? Select four options.

The author's name, if known, must be included. Both opening and closing quotation marks must be used when quoting directly from a text. The complete citation must be added to the works cited page. The author's name can be placed either before the quotation or within parentheses.

Which characteristics best identify an article as an editorial? Select three options.

The author uses emotional language to support a claim. The author includes a persuasive conclusion at the end of the article. The article is written to convince others to agree with the author.

Study the cartoon Bubble Sheets, by Greg Kearney. What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about testing?

The exams are huge and are labeled "more tests" and "still more tests," showing that testing is overdone.

Which source would be most reliable for researching the most effective types of physical activity for high school students?

an article from a university that uses advanced statistics to determine the total calorie loss for 10 different physical activities

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families . . . who've endured years . . . as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. . . . We are here because, right now, there are mothers separated from their children—like the woman in a camp in Greece, who held on to her family photographs . . . and who said "my breath is my children . . . every day I am dying 10, 20, 30 times." Which rhetorical device does Obama use in this passage?

anaphora

Which statement best defines the term rhetoric?

Rhetoric is the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing.

Which excerpt from "The Storyteller" best supports the theme that the purpose of stories is to entertain?

"'At any rate,' said the bachelor, collecting his belongings preparatory to leaving the carriage, 'I kept them quiet for ten minutes, which was more than you were able to do.'"

Which quotation from chapter 2 of Night by Elie Wiesel best demonstrates the author's viewpoint about the dehumanization of the passengers?

"'There are eighty of you in the car,' the German officer added. 'If anyone goes missing, you will all be shot, like dogs.'"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. By the time my mother married my father, however, she knew all about the true nature of the dictatorship. Thousands had lost their lives in failed attempts to return the country to democracy. Family friends, whom she had assumed had dropped away of their own accord, turned out to have been disappeared. My father had been lucky. As a young man, he had narrowly escaped to Canada after the plot he had participated in as a student failed. This was to be the first of two escapes. That same year, 1937, El Generalísimo ordered the overnight slaughter of some eighteen thousand Haitians, who had come across the border to work on sugarcane plantations for slave wages. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about the result of the dictatorship? Select two options.

"lost their lives" "slaughter"

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. A piece fell into our wagon. I decided not to move. Anyway, I knew that I would not be strong enough to fight off dozens of violent men! I saw, not far from me, an old man dragging himself on all fours. He had just detached himself from the struggling mob. He was holding one hand to his heart. At first I thought he had received a blow to his chest. Then I understood: he was hiding a piece of bread under his shirt. With lightning speed he pulled it out and put it to his mouth. His eyes lit up, a smile, like a grimace, illuminated his ashen face. And was immediately extinguished. A shadow had lain down beside him. And this shadow threw itself over him. Stunned by the blows, the old man was crying: In this passage, the author suggests that cruelty can occur when people face horrible conditions. Which evidence best supports this viewpoint? Select two options.

"A shadow had lain down beside him. And this shadow threw itself over him." "Meir, my little Meir! Don't you recognize me . . . You're killing your father . . . I have bread . . . for you too . . . for you too . . ."

Which quotation from a Shakespearean sonnet is a couplet?

"And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, / As any she belied with false compare."

It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork.

"Enticing people to drink recycled water, however, requires getting past what experts call the 'yuck' factor." "People tend to judge risk emotionally, he said, and a phrase like 'toilet to tap' can undercut earnest explanations."

The image shows a glass of dirty water with a straw in it. Which caption would most effectively connect the image to the presenter's topic?

"If our water supply is not cleaned up, your next glass could look like this."

Julia is writing an essay comparing "Children of the Drug Wars" and Enrique's Journey. Which sentences from the texts best provide evidence to support this idea? Select three options. She writes this topic sentence. Both Nazario's editorial and her biography bear witness to her background research.

"Judges, who currently deny seven in 10 applications for asylum by people who are in deportation proceedings, must better understand the conditions these children are facing." "Countries neighboring Syria have absorbed nearly 3 million people. Jordan has accepted in two days what the United States has received in an entire month during the height of this immigration flow—more than 9,000 children in May." "In Guatemala, soda is called agua. Here in Mexico, agua is water. A jacket is a chamarra, not a chumpa. A T-shirt is a playera, not a blusa."

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Images of the dictator hung in every house next to the crucifix and Ia Virgencita with the declaration beneath: In this house Trujillo is Chief. The pale face of a young military man wearing a plumed bicorne hat and a gold-braided uniform looked down beneficently at my mother as she read her romantic novelas and dreamed of meeting the great love of her life. Sometimes in her daydreams, her great love wore the handsome young dictator's face. Never having seen him, my mother could not know the portrait was heavily retouched. Which quotation provides the best evidence for the central idea of this excerpt?

"Never having seen him, my mother could not know the portrait was heavily retouched."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. A stream of pale ash-colored syrup gushed out from the mills, bubbling white with foam. The liquid rushed down a wooden gutter directly into the boiling house, a building of massive furnaces and cauldrons, where the syrup was heated and strained and turned into crystals. A giant copper kettle—often about four feet across and three feet deep—waited for the pale river. This was the first in a series of ever-smaller cauldrons, and beneath each gaped what the Brazilians called the "great open mouths"—the huge furnaces that had to be constantly filled with the wood that workers had chopped down and hauled to be ready for this moment. The boiling house was as perilous as the mills, for if a person nodded off for a second, he or she could slip into a bubbling vat. Mammoth fires burned in the "mouths," clouds of steam billowed above the kettles, and the heat was so intense that the boiling houses had to be sprayed with water so they would not go up in flames. Then there was the smell, or rather, the stench of the boiling liquid. As the [sugar cane] juice boiled, a foul scum rose to the top—which a slave had to keep skimming off with a long-handled ladle. Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified, even as it kept boiling, boiling, boiling in the copper vats. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that sugar processing was a long and difficult process?

"Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified."

Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim that sugar processing was a long and difficult process?

"Over and over again the liquid had to be strained and purified."

Read the claim from Dan DeLuca's editorial "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes. Which excerpt from the article provides evidence that supports this claim?

"Salman Rushdie, a Nobel candidate himself, called Dylan 'the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition.'"

If you walked down Beekman Street in New York in the 1750s, you would come to a general store owned by Gerard Beekman—his family gave the street its name. The products on his shelves showed many of the ways sugar was linking the world. Beekman and merchants like him shipped flour, bread, corn, salted beef, and wood to the Caribbean. They brought back sugar, rum, molasses, limes, cocoa, and ginger. Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system. Textbooks talk about the Triangle Trade: Ships set out from Europe carrying fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods to Africa, where they sold their cargoes and bought people. The enslaved people were shipped across the Atlantic to the islands, where they were sold for sugar. Then the ships brought sugar to North America, to be sold or turned into rum—which the captains brought back to Europe. But that neat triangle—already more of a rectangle—is completely misleading. Beekman's trade, for example, could cut out Europe entirely. British colonists' ships set out directly from New York and New England carrying the food and timber that the islands needed, trading them for sugar, which the merchants brought back up the coast. Then the colonists traded their sugar for English fabrics, clothes, and simple manufactured goods, or they took their rum directly to Africa to buy slaves—to sell to the sugar islands. English, North American, French, and Dutch ships competed to supply the Caribbean plantations and buy their sugar. And even all these boats filling the waters of the Atlantic were but one part of an even larger system of world trade. Africans who sold other Africans as slaves insisted on being paid in fabrics from India. Indeed, historians have discovered that some 35 percent of the cargo typically taken from Europe to Africa originally came from India. What could the Europeans use to buy Indian cloth? The Spanish shipped silver from the mines of Bolivia to Manila in the Philippines, and bought Asian products there. Any silver that English or French pirates could steal from the Spanish was also ideal for buying Asian cloth. So to get the fabrics that would buy the slaves that could be sold for sugar for the English to put into their tea, the Spanish shipped silver to the Philippines, and the French, English, and Dutch sailed east to India. What we call a triangle was really as round as the globe. Which evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose?

"Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system."

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which statement summarizes DeLuca's claim?

"The Swedish Academy . . . cited him for 'having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.'"

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. We all got up. We all pulled our soaked blankets tighter around our shoulders. And we tried to take a few steps, to shuffle back and forth, in place. Suddenly, a cry rose in the wagon, the cry of a wounded animal. Someone had just died. Others, close to death, imitated his cry. And their cries seemed to come from beyond the grave. Soon everybody was crying. Groaning. Moaning. Cries of distress hurled into the wind and the snow. The lament spread from wagon to wagon. It was contagious. And now hundreds of cries rose at once. The death rattle of an entire convoy with the end approaching. All boundaries had been crossed. Nobody had any strength left. And the night seemed endless. Which sentence from the passage best supports the author's viewpoint that the situation is hopeless?

"The death rattle of an entire convoy with the end approaching."

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. "Throw out all the dead! Outside, all the corpses!" The living were glad. They would have more room. Volunteers began the task. They touched those who had remained on the ground. "Here's one! Take him!" The volunteers undressed him and eagerly shared his garments. Then, two "gravediggers" grabbed him by the head and feet and threw him from the wagon, like a sack of flour. In this passage, the author's viewpoint is that the situation causes people to act in ways that are unfeeling and disrespectful toward those who have died. What evidence supports this viewpoint? Select two options.

"The living were glad. They would have more room." "Then, two 'gravediggers' grabbed him by the head and feet and threw him from the wagon, like a sack of flour."

Which sentence from Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war is an example of a bandwagon appeal?

"The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation."

Which detail from the passage best shows a subjective perspective?

"They are . . . very pretty."

No one interviewed the Africans who labored in the sugar fields to ask them about their hard labor. They were meant to work and die. But there is one way we can hear them. The Africans invented music, dances, and songs that carry on the pulse, the beat, of their lives. (To hear examples of music from the sugar lands, go to www.sugarchangedtheworld.com.) In Puerto Rico, bomba is a form of music and dance that the sugar workers invented. It is a kind of conversation in rhythm involving a woman, the man dancing with her, and the drummers who watch her and find the right rhythm for her movements. A master coming by would see dancing—no words of anger or rebellion. But as she moved and swayed, as the drummers "spoke" back in their beats, the workers were saying that they were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die. Instead, they were alive and speaking to one another in movements and sounds that were all their own. In Cuba, sugar workers told their stories in the words and sounds of rumba. As one song said, "The boss does not want me to play the drum." Overseers feared the slaves were using drums to send messages and spread thoughts of rebellion. Similarly, in Brazil there is a dance called Maculelê, which some trace to the sugar fields. Maculelê is danced with sticks or sugar cane stalks, and it looks very much like training for combat. On many of the sugar islands, Africans created similar dances in which people spin, jump, and seem to menace each other, then, just on the beat, click sticks and twirl away. The dances were a way of imitating warfare without actually defying the master. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose that enslaved people were more than mercilessly treated workers?

"They were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die."

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose that enslaved people were more than mercilessly treated workers? No one interviewed the Africans who labored in the sugar fields to ask them about their hard labor. They were meant to work and die. But there is one way we can hear them. The Africans invented music, dances, and songs that carry on the pulse, the beat, of their lives. (To hear examples of music from the sugar lands, go to www.sugarchangedtheworld.com.) In Puerto Rico, bomba is a form of music and dance that the sugar workers invented. It is a kind of conversation in rhythm involving a woman, the man dancing with her, and the drummers who watch her and find the right rhythm for her movements. A master coming by would see dancing—no words of anger or rebellion. But as she moved and swayed, as the drummers "spoke" back in their beats, the workers were saying that they were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die. Instead, they were alive and speaking to one another in movements and sounds that were all their own.

"They were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die."

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. When my sisters and I cared too much about our appearance, my mother would tell us how Trujillo's vanity knew no bounds. How in order to appear taller, his shoes were specially made abroad with built-in heels that added inches to his height. How plumes for his Napoleonic hats were purchased in Paris and shipped in vacuum-packed boxes to the Island. How his uniforms were trimmed with tassels and gold epaulettes and red sashes, pinned with his medals, crisscrossing his chest. How he costumed himself in dress uniforms and ceremonial hats and white gloves—all of this in a tropical country where men wore guayaberas in lieu of suit jackets, short-sleeved shirts worn untucked so the body could be ventilated. My mother could go on and on. Which quotation provides the best evidence for the central idea of this excerpt?

"Trujillo's vanity knew no bounds."

Read the passage from a speech by President George W. Bush. We have other work to do on taxes. Unless Congress acts, most of the tax relief we've delivered over the past 7 years will be taken away. Some in Washington argue that letting tax relief expire is not a tax increase. Try explaining that to 116 million American taxpayers who would see their taxes rise by an average of $1,800. Others have said they would personally be happy to pay higher taxes. I welcome their enthusiasm. I'm pleased to report that the IRS accepts both checks and money orders. Which sentence from the passage is the main reason used to support the claim stated in the first sentence?

"Unless Congress acts, most of the tax relief we've delivered over the past 7 years will be taken away."

Read the passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm. But at this moment the three cows, who had seemed uneasy for some time past, set up a loud lowing. They had not been milked for twenty-four hours, and their udders were almost bursting. After a little thought, the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully, their trotters being well adapted to this task. Soon there were five buckets of frothing creamy milk at which many of the animals looked with considerable interest. "What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. "Jones used sometimes to mix some of it in our mash," said one of the hens. "Never mind the milk, comrades!" cried Napoleon, placing himself in front of the buckets. "That will be attended to. The harvest is more important. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. I shall follow in a few minutes. Forward, comrades! The hay is waiting." So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared. Which quotation from this passage is the best example of foreshadowing?

"When they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared."

Which line from "The Medicine Bag" contains dialogue?

"You found the money in my boots?" he asked Mom.

Read the excerpt from a speech on the benefits of eating organic versus conventionally grown foods. I want my food to be real food. I don't want my only option of nourishment to be chemicals disguised as food. Chemicals that could one day poison my body and lead me down a path of obesity and disease. And I want organic options to be affordably priced so everyone can afford to eat healthy. I believe that these are attainable goals if more people see the value in organic food. Which words from the passage have negative connotations that support the author's point? Select three options.

"chemicals" "disease" "obesity"

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Perhaps because she had innocently revered him, my mother was now doubly revolted by this cold-blooded monster. He became something of an obsession with her—living as she was by then in exile with my father, isolated from her family who were still living on the Island. As my sisters and I were growing up, Trujillo and his excesses figured in many of my mother's cautionary tales. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about how her mother felt about the dictator? Select three options.

"doubly revolted" "obsession" "cautionary tales"

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. Because it's pretty hard to walk around with people staring at your "towel-head" and not feel kind of pleased with yourself if you manage to get through the stares and comments with your head held high. That's when this warm feeling buzzes through you and you smile to yourself, knowing God's watching you, knowing that He knows you're trying to be strong and please Him. Like you're both in on a private joke and something special and warm and extraordinary is happening and nobody else in the world knows about it because it's your own experience, your own personal friendship with your Creator. I guess when I'm not wearing the hijab I feel like I'm missing out. I feel cheated out of that special bond. Which phrases from the excerpt best support the narrator's confident tone? Select three options.

"head held high" "smile to yourself" "special bond"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that making sugar was difficult? Select two options. On a plantation there were large groups of workers—between fifty and several hundred. The mill was right next to the crop, so that growing and grinding took place in the same spot. And all the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline. The Muslims began to put together the rules for this new kind of farming. Both they and the Christians experimented with using their slaves to run the plantations. At first many of the slaves working sugar plantations in the Mediterranean were Russians, or anyone captured in war. But even all this careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar.

"the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

On a plantation there were large groups of workers—between fifty and several hundred. The mill was right next to the crop, so that growing and grinding took place in the same spot. And all the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline. The Muslims began to put together the rules for this new kind of farming. Both they and the Christians experimented with using their slaves to run the plantations. At first many of the slaves working sugar plantations in the Mediterranean were Russians, or anyone captured in war. But even all this careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that making sugar was difficult? Select two options.

"the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. On a plantation there were large groups of workers—between fifty and several hundred. The mill was right next to the crop, so that growing and grinding took place in the same spot. And all the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline. The Muslims began to put together the rules for this new kind of farming. Both they and the Christians experimented with using their slaves to run the plantations. At first many of the slaves working sugar plantations in the Mediterranean were Russians, or anyone captured in war. But even all this careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar. What evidence from the passage best supports the inference that making sugar was difficult? Select two options.

"the work was governed by extremely tight, rigid discipline" "careful organization did not solve the second problem with sugar"

Which statements best reflect the difference between a memoir and a biography? Select two options.

A memoir uses first-person point of view, while a biography uses third-person point of view. A memoir expresses the author's thoughts and feelings about events, while a biography is the story of someone's life as told by another person.

What happens in an ad hominem persuasive technique?

A person is attacked rather than an argument.

Which statement best defines a travelogue?

A travelogue is a piece of writing or a lecture about a trip or journey.

What is the difference between a Supreme Court opinion and a Supreme Court dissent?

An opinion is a Supreme Court decision that the majority of the judges agree with, while a dissent disagrees with the decision.

Consider this claim: School uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Which statement gives the strongest evidence to support this claim?

According to the board of education, "school uniforms improve behavior, build school spirit, and develop a student's sense of belonging."

Read the definitions. lean \ˈlēn\ [Middle English lenen; Old English hleoian; German hlinēn] verb 1. to bend from a vertical position 2. to rely on for support or inspiration 3. to incline in opinion, taste, or desire lien \ˈlē-ən\ [Anglo-French lien; Latin ligament, from ligare, "to bind"] noun 1. a legal claim on the property of another person until a debt has been paid back Which sentences use lean correctly? Select two options.

After the earthquake in Crete, the water tower leans more than 15 degrees to the right. The voters are leaning toward the mayoral candidate with more government experience.

Read the excerpt from act 1, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar and the background information on the allusion it contains. CASSIUS. And why should Caesar be a tyrant then? Poor man, I know he would not be a wolf But that he sees the Romans are but sheep. He were no lion, were not Romans hinds. Those that with haste will make a mighty fire Begin it with weak straws. What trash is Rome? What rubbish, and what offal? when it serves For the base matter to illuminate So vile a thing as Caesar! But, O grief, Where hast thou led me? I perhaps speak this Before a willing bondman: then I know My answer must be made. But I am armed And dangers are to me indifferent. CASCA. You speak to Casca, and to such a man That is no fleering tell-tale. Hold, my hand. Be factious for redress of all these griefs And I will set this foot of mine as far As who goes farthest. CASSIUS. There's a bargain made. Now know you, Casca, I have moved already Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise Of honourable dangerous consequence. And I do know by this, they stay for me In Pompey's Porch. For now this fearful night There is no stir or walking in the streets; And the complexion of the element In favour's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Background information: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known in English as Pompey the Great, was a Roman general and political leader. Together with Caesar and Crassus, Pompey ruled as a member of the first Roman triumvirate. As a leader, Pompey was a capable administer and worked to help Rome grow and prosper. Among other projects, he built a large amphitheater in Rome. This amphitheater was named after him, and its annex became known as Pompey's Porch. During this time, Pompey married Caesar's daughter, Julia. After her death, however, Pompey and Caesar began to grow apart, and within a few years, Pompey sided with the senate against Caesar. War followed. In 48 BCE, Pompey's armies were defeated, and he was murdered by former allies who were afraid of Caesar's power. Which statement best explains the meaning added by the allusion in this excerpt?

Alluding to Pompey invokes the history of his opposition to Caesar, showing that the conspirators in the play are part of a longstanding battle against a tyrant.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: Given this mandate of silence, I was a real thorn in my mother's side. She had named me, her second of four daughters, after herself—so we shared the same name. Of all her babies, she reports, l was the best behaved, until l learned to talk. Then, I would not shut up. I always had to answer her back when I disagreed with her. Childhood was rocky, but adolescence was a full-fledged war. Passage B: Unfortunately for my mother, I grew up to be a writer publishing under my maiden name. Which statement correctly analyzes how the passages work together to create a central idea?

Alvarez contrasts her mother's insistence on silence with her own desire to tell stories.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: In December 1960, four months after our arrival, Time magazine reported the murder of the three Mirabal sisters, who along with their husbands had started the national underground Dominican Republic. My parents confiscated the magazine. To our many questions about what was going on, my mother always had the ready answer, "En boca cerrada no entran moscas." No flies fly into a closed mouth. Later, I found out that this very saying had been scratched on the lintel of the entrance of the SIM's torture center at La Cuarenta. Passage B: The novel would be a fictional retelling of the story of three Mirabal sisters, contemporaries of my mother, whose murder had been reported in that confiscated Time magazine. This time, my mother warned, I was not just going to anger family members, but I would be directly responsible for their lives. There were still old cronies of the dictator around who would love an excuse to go after my family, after my father, after her. This was one of the hardest challenges I had ever had to face as a writer. If my mother were indeed speaking the truth, could I really put my work above the lives of human beings? But if I shut up, wouldn't I still be fanning the members of the dictatorship with its continuing power of censorship and control over the imagination of many Dominicans? What central idea do these excerpts work together to develop?

Alvarez grappled with the issue of writing a novel about a dangerous subject.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: And so, long after we had left, my parents were still living in the dictatorship inside their own heads. Even on American soil, they were afraid of awful consequences if they spoke out or disagreed with authorities. The First Amendment right to free speech meant nothing to them. Silence about anything "political" was the rule in our house. Passage B: My mother, especially, lived in terror of the consequences of living as free citizens. In New York City, before Trujillo was killed, Dominican exiles gathered around the young revolutionary Juan Bosch planning an invasion of the Island. Every time my father attended these meetings, my mother would get hysterical. If the SIM found out about my father's activities, family members remaining behind were likely to be in danger. Even our own family in New York could suffer consequences. Which statement best analyzes how the author develops the central idea across the two passages?

Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship affected their thoughts and actions even when they lived in the United States.

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. If you did not march, your cédula would not be stamped, and without a stamped identification card, you could do nothing; in particular, you could not obtain your passport to leave the country under the pretext of wanting to study heart surgery. This was the second escape—this time with his whole family—that my father was planning. The day came when my mother had to march. Which statement best explains how the author develops the central idea throughout the passage?

Alvarez shows that refusing to obey Trujillo's requests could be dangerous.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: My best friends, Leila Okulgen and Yasmeen Khan, moved on to a public high school close to Coburg, where they live. I begged my parents to let me go with them but Mom and Dad insisted that I go to a private school. I tried everything. At first I sucked up to them big time, making them coffee after dinner, offering to set the table before Mom had a chance to ask me, letting them watch PBS documentaries when I wanted to watch Big Brother. That didn't work. So I turned political, ranting about them perpetuating the snobby bourgeoisie power trip of our educational system which forges aristocratic divisions between social classes (I got that from a PBS documentary). Talk about having no compassion or social conscience. They just laughed at me and gave me a pile of literature about the school. Excerpt from Persepolis: Which statement is true about the narrators' different perspectives?

Amal and Marjane are both interested in taking what they have learned about politics and social class and applying it to their own situation.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Since sugar had to pass through many hands before it reached the fairs, it was expensive and hard to get. King Henry III of England, for example, liked sugar. Yet there was little he could do to satisfy his craving. He wrote to one official in 1226 asking if he could possibly obtain three pounds of the precious substance—at a cost of about 450 modern dollars. He later appealed to a mayor, hoping he might be able to get four more pounds of the rare grains. And finally, by 1243, he managed to buy three hundred pounds. The fairs lasted until the 1300s, when Venice came to dominate European trade with the Muslim world. The Venetians greatly expanded the sugar trade, so much so that a hundred years after Henry III's reign, the English were able to buy thousands of pounds of the sweet stuff each year. Which inference does this passage support?

As sugar became increasingly available to the English, they wanted to acquire even more of it.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Which inference does this passage support? Since sugar had to pass through many hands before it reached the fairs, it was expensive and hard to get. King Henry III of England, for example, liked sugar. Yet there was little he could do to satisfy his craving. He wrote to one official in 1226 asking if he could possibly obtain three pounds of the precious substance—at a cost of about 450 modern dollars. He later appealed to a mayor, hoping he might be able to get four more pounds of the rare grains. And finally, by 1243, he managed to buy three hundred pounds. The fairs lasted until the 1300s, when Venice came to dominate European trade with the Muslim world. The Venetians greatly expanded the sugar trade, so much so that a hundred years after Henry III's reign, the English were able to buy thousands of pounds of the sweet stuff each year.

As sugar became increasingly available to the English, they wanted to acquire even more of it.

Since sugar had to pass through many hands before it reached the fairs, it was expensive and hard to get. King Henry III of England, for example, liked sugar. Yet there was little he could do to satisfy his craving. He wrote to one official in 1226 asking if he could possibly obtain three pounds of the precious substance—at a cost of about 450 modern dollars. He later appealed to a mayor, hoping he might be able to get four more pounds of the rare grains. And finally, by 1243, he managed to buy three hundred pounds. The fairs lasted until the 1300s, when Venice came to dominate European trade with the Muslim world. The Venetians greatly expanded the sugar trade, so much so that a hundred years after Henry III's reign, the English were able to buy thousands of pounds of the sweet stuff each year. Which inference does this passage support?

As sugar became increasingly available to the English, they wanted to acquire even more of it.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. It will be observed, that the plea applies to that class of persons only whose ancestors were negroes of the African race, and imported into this country, and sold and held as slaves. The only matter in issue before the court, therefore, is, whether the descendants of such slaves, when they shall be emancipated, or who are born of parents who had become free before their birth, are citizens of a State, in the sense in which the word "citizen" is used in the Constitution of the United States. . . . . . . The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. Which statement best describes an effective counterclaim to the claim in this passage?

Because Dred Scott and his family were born in the United States, they are citizens with all the rights granted by the Constitution.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: At Hidaya the hijab was part of the uniform. But I used to take it off as soon as I stepped outside the school gates because man oh man do you need guts to get on public transportation with it on. At the end of the school day the trains would be absolutely packed with schoolkids. I could keep wearing it if I hopped on with a group of Hidaya students because I wouldn't feel so exposed. But the problem was that I had to change trains to get home and there was no way I had the courage to go the distance alone with it on. Excerpt from Persepolis: What do the tone and perspective of these excerpts reveal about the narrators' attitudes toward being different? Select three options.

Being different from everyone around you can be hard. Being different from everyone around you is a fact of life. Being different from everyone around you can cause separation.

How is the author's purpose similar in both excerpts?

Both describe situations in which people are expected to commit crimes or face violence.

Read the workplace documents. Introducing Incur for Travel Reservations and Bookings Incur is a cloud-based travel and expense application. Employees are required to use Incur when booking travel and are encouraged to download the mobile application for tracking expenses and receipts when on the go. To set up your Incur account, contact Megan in accounting to request login credentials and a temporary password. Be sure to change your password when setting up your account. If you are unfamiliar with Incur, please first visit "Get Started with Incur - Incur Learning Services" at http://www.incurtraining.com/pr/get-started and watch the "Demonstration of Incur Travel and Expense" video located under the section "Learn the Basics." Links to other useful tutorials are located at the bottom of this page for quick and easy reference. Guidelines for Using Ground Transportation Unless traveling with a client, employees must use the most economical ground transit option available when traveling to and from airports, bus stations, and rail terminals. The following modes of ground transportation should always be considered first: Buses, subways, and taxis Ride-sharing services Personal cars** As explained in the Group Travel section of this document, employees traveling to the same location should share ground transportation to and from the airport whenever possible. **Private car services require management approval and should be used only when a more economical mode of transportation is not available. How do these documents work together to help a reader who is traveling for work?

Both documents give readers information about the rules for booking travel.

Knowing that their slaves were likely to die by the time they reached their thirties, Louisiana sugar planters were extremely selective—they bought only healthy-looking young men in their late teens. On average, the men purchased in Louisiana were an inch taller than the people bought in the other slave states. Those teenagers made up seven to eight out of every ten slaves brought to America's sugar Hell. The others were younger teenage girls, around fifteen to sixteen years old. Their job, for the rest of their short lives, was to have children. Elizabeth Ross Hite knew that, for sure, "all de master wanted was fo' dem wimmen to hav children." Enslaved children would be put to work or sold. The overseer S.B. Raby explained, "Rachel had a 'fine boy' last Sunday. Our crop of negroes will I think make up any deficiencies there may be in the cane crop." That is, a master could sell any slaves who managed to live, if he needed more money than he could make from sugar. Jazz was born in Louisiana. Could it be that a population of teenagers, almost all of them male, were inspired to develop their own music as a way to speak, to compete, to announce who they were to the world? Bomba in Puerto Rico, Maculelê in Brazil, jazz in Louisiana—all gave people a chance to be alive, to be human, to have ideas, and dreams, and passions when their owners claimed they were just cogs in machinery built to produce sugar. The sugar workers in Hawaii were not enslaved—they chose to come. But they still lived hard lives: Hawai'i, Hawai'i I came seeing the dream But my tears now flow In the canefields When the Africans were brought to work in sugar, they had to form new families, learn new languages—they had to find ways to blend their new lives with what they recalled from their homelands. The holehole bushi hint at one way sugar workers have always found strength and comfort: My husband cuts the cane I carry the stalks from the field Together, the two of us We get by Which statement best explains how the authors develop their claim across the two passages?

Both passages use facts and details to support the claim that sugar workers in different places used music to express themselves and relieve the pressures of brutal work.

Read the passage from \Animal Farm. Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D, in the dust with his great hoof, and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back, sometimes shaking his forelock, trying with all his might to remember what came next and never succeeding. On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D. Finally he decided to be content with the first four letters, and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. What is the central idea of this passage?

Boxer is unable to learn the alphabet.

Slave labor was valuable because it produced cheap sugar that everyone wanted to buy. But if people stopped buying that sugar, the whole slave system would collapse. In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the women of New England refused to buy English products and English tea. The loss of income made London rescind some of the taxes it had imposed on America. Now this same tactic—boycotting—was used to fight slavery. Some 400,000 English people stopped buying the sugar that slaves grew and harvested. Instead, they bought loaves of sugar that carried a label that said, "Produced by the labor of FREEMEN"—the sugar came from India. When the English looked at the sugar they used every day, Clarkson and the other abolitionists made them see the blood of the slaves who had created it. The very fact that slave-made sugar was so popular made it harder for the English to ignore the reality of slavery. Sugar was a bridge—like the sneakers and T-shirts and rugs that, today, we know are made by sweatshop labor. If you wanted the product, abolitionists forced you to think about how it was made. Slavery—a practice as ancient as human civilization—was becoming unacceptable, a form of inhumanity people could no longer tolerate. Which sentence best states the authors' claim in this passage?

Boycotting was an effective and persuasive tool in the fight against slavery.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. A neighborhood watch association is having a discussion about installing street lamps around the perimeter of a playground. The discussion moves on to cost, and the head of the association asks if anyone has had the chance to research pricing. Simone comments that installing street lamps around a playground that closes after dark is a waste of money. Tatiana presents some information about the city's rising crime rates. Brandon shares pricing information about some energy-efficient sodium lamps and suggests a neighborhood development grant they can apply for to cover the costs. Char asks Juana if she ever repaired her fence, and Juana responds by telling her how much the repair cost. Who is demonstrating active listening skills?

Brandon

Read the two excerpts from act 3, scene 2, of Julius Caesar. SECOND PLEBEIAN. Peace, silence! Brutus speaks. FIRST PLEBEIAN. Peace, ho! BRUTUS. Good countrymen, let me depart alone, And, for my sake, stay here with Antony. Do grace to Caesar's corpse, and grace his speech Tending to Caesar's glories, which Mark Antony, By our permission, is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart Save I alone till Antony have spoke. [Exit] SECOND PLEBEIAN. Most noble Caesar! We'll revenge his death. THIRD PLEBEIAN. O royal Caesar! ANTONY. Hear me with patience. ALL. Peace, ho! ANTONY. Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbours, and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you, And to your heirs for ever—common pleasures To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar. When comes such another? Which statement best compares the last remarks in the two monologues?

Brutus creates closure, whereas Antony stimulates anger.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. It must be by his death: and for my part I know no personal cause to spurn at him But for the general. He would be crowned: How that might change his nature, there's the question. It is the bright day that brings forth the adder, And that craves wary walking. Crown him that, And then I grant we put a sting in him That at his will he may do danger with. Th' abuse of greatness is when it disjoins Remorse from power. And to speak truth of Caesar, I have not known when his affections swayed More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof That lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder turns his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees By which he did ascend. So Caesar may. Then lest he may, prevent. And since the quarrel Will bear no colour for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented, Would run to these and these extremities; And therefore think him as a serpent's egg Which, hatched, would as his kind grow mischievous, And kill him in the shell. What moral dilemma does this excerpt express?

Brutus must decide whether to help in the plot to kill Caesar.

Read the excerpt from act 2, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. BRUTUS. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius, To cut the head off and then hack the limbs, Like wrath in death and envy afterwards— For Antony is but a limb of Caesar. Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, And in the spirit of men there is no blood. O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar! But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it. And, gentle friends, Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully. Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds. And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, And after seem to chide 'em. This shall make Our purpose necessary, and not envious; Which so appearing to the common eyes, We shall be called purgers, not murderers. And for Mark Antony, think not of him, For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off. Which statement best explains Brutus's motivation in this scene?

Brutus wants people to think of the conspirators as honorable, not evil.

Which labeled location is the place where more elephants are bred than anywhere else, according to the excerpt?

C - Madagascar

Read the claim from an argumentative essay. Bob Dylan should not have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Which sentence best states a counterclaim?

Of course, it is true that Dylan's lyrics have had an enduring impact on people around the world.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASSIUS. 'Tis just; And it is very much lamented, Brutus,60 That you have no such mirrors as will turn Your hidden worthiness into your eye, That you might see your shadow. I have heard Where many of the best respect in Rome— Except immortal Caesar—speaking of Brutus,65 And groaning underneath this age's yoke, Have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes. Which summary of the passage is the most accurate?

Cassius says that it is too bad Brutus cannot see his hidden greatness and that he has heard many nobles speak of Brutus when complaining about the current government's problems.

Erick is writing a research-based informative essay on the benefits of learning to code early in life. Which topic sentence most effectively introduces his essay?

Coding is computer programming that, when studied at a young age, can lead to future benefits.

Which revision uses a phrase to combine the last two sentences?

Constructing this new state-of-the-art swimming facility will take two years.

Each page of notes should include

Date, topic, class

Which option presents a complete and effective evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in his article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"?

DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s.

Read the meanings of the word bolt, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a screw for fastening Definition 2. n., a strike of lightning Definition 3. n., a bar that slides to lock something Definition 4. n., a roll of fabric or wallpaper Please make sure you latch the bolt on the window when you close it tonight. What is the meaning of bolt as it is used in this sentence?

Definition 3

Read the meanings of the word fold, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a crease in fabric or a piece of paper Definition 2. v., to bend Definition 3. n., a group of people with common beliefs Definition 4. v., to incorporate one food ingredient into another When making cake batter, it is important to fold the flour into the butter before adding the rest of the ingredients. What is the meaning of fold as it is used in this sentence?

Definition 4

Read the scenario, then answer the question. Which fact best supports the city planner's opinion? A city planner thinks that reconfiguring the business district's busy downtown streets to allow for bike lanes is important and is worth the large cost. The lanes will help drivers and cyclists avoid accidents, and they will make the downtown area more attractive to bike commuters.

Designated bike lanes have reduced traffic-related accidents by 43 percent in other cities.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more processions. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. At the appointed time the animals would leave their work and march round the precincts of the farm in military formation, with the pigs leading, then the horses, then the cows, then the sheep, and then the poultry. The dogs flanked the procession and at the head of all marched Napoleon's black cockerel. Boxer and Clover always carried between them a green banner marked with the hoof and the horn and the caption, "Long live Comrade Napoleon!" Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour, and a speech by Squealer giving particulars of the latest increases in the production of foodstuffs, and on occasion a shot was fired from the gun. The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration, and if anyone complained (as a few animals sometimes did, when no pigs or dogs were near) that they wasted time and meant a lot of standing about in the cold, the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad!" But by and large the animals enjoyed these celebrations. They found it comforting to be reminded that, after all, they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit. So that, what with the songs, the processions, Squealer's lists of figures, the thunder of the gun, the crowing of the cockerel, and the fluttering of the flag, they were able to forget that their bellies were empty, at least part of the time. How does the use of repetition support the theme in this passage?

Dictatorships can use repeated rituals as a distraction from oppression.

Which claims are supported by relevant evidence? Select two options.

Drinking coffee is good for you. Two recent studies have shown that coffee drinkers live longer. Students should use e-books. Many suffer from back trouble from carrying so many books in their backpacks.

Read the introduction to Samantha's argument. My friends like going to fast food restaurants. It's not that I mind, but I'm a vegan, and these restaurants offer very little I can eat. Even salads contain ingredients like cheese, eggs, and ham. What's more, there may be cream, eggs, or gelatin in the dressing. Sometimes, all I can do is order is something to drink, while my friends enjoy their meals. However, by not offering vegan meals, fast food restaurants are missing out on additional sales. Which statement summarizes Samantha's claim?

Fast food restaurants would profit from offering vegan meals.

Study the editorial cartoon NFL Head Injuries by Adam Zyglis. Based on the cartoon, what statement would the cartoonist most likely agree with?

Football players face serious risks.

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Gino is starring in the school play, it opens next week. Which revision best corrects the sentence?

Gino is starring in the school play, which opens next week.

Which answer choice is the best example of a theme?

Hard work and determination can lead to success.

Read the paragraph that Deepak wrote to explain how he used a checklist to revise his paper. I checked my transitions to make sure they made sense. I also reread my sentences to determine whether they were too similar in style and length. I fixed a couple to add variety. I found one or two words that needed extended definitions and added them. I made sure that I summarized all research evidence throughout the paper. Besides the revisions listed in the paragraph, what else can Deepak do to strengthen his paper?

He should use more than one technique to integrate his evidence.

Read the definitions. rung \ ˈrəŋ \ [Middle English; Old English hrung or crossbar] noun 1. one of the crosspieces of a ladder 2. the cross supports on the underside of a chair 3. a level of hierarchy wrung \ˈrəŋ\ [Middle English; Old English wringan; German ringan, "to struggle"] transitive verb 1. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to squeeze or twist dry 2. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to extract or obtain by twisting and compressing 3. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to affect painfully Which sentences use wrung correctly? Choose two options

He wrung as much water out of the towel as he could before hanging it up. When she heard the news, she wrung her hands in frustration.

Read the two headlines. Protestors Continue Rally Despite Police Requests to Stop Attempts to Shut Down Rally Met with Civil Disobedience Which statement best compares the two headlines?

Headlines 1 and 2 both use clear, objective language.

Read the passage. The cost of health care is rising in America. The amount that an average family must pay for insurance has increased by 3 percent in just two years. For families buying insurance on an exchange or privately, the increase is an astounding 25 percent. At this rate, health care, which includes visits to a typical family doctor, specialists for anything from a knee injury to cancer, and the emergency room, will be unaffordable for most Americans in 10 years or sooner. I know this because my family is an average American family—and we are worried. Which statement describes the claim?

Health insurance is becoming too expensive for most American families to afford.

Read the claim. The overuse of social media has led to a decline in the academic performance of this country's high school students. Which reasons are logically sound and could be used to support the claim? Select two options.

High school students are spending more time on social media than they are studying and completing homework. Standardized test scores dropped or remained stagnant in many states in 2017, which was the peak year to date for social media use.

Read Shakespeare's "Sonnet 130." My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red, than her lips red: If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound: I grant I never saw a goddess go,— My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, As any she belied with false compare. What is the central idea of the second quatrain?

His mistress's cheeks are not pink, and her breath is not sweet.

Based on the map, which Arabian city will Marco Polo describe after Kalhat if he continues northwest across the Arabian Sea?

Hormuz

Paco's teacher has asked him to add a transition in the introduction to his argumentative essay in favor of abolishing tuition at public colleges. (1) Today, even many blue-collar, retail, and clerical jobs require applicants to have a college degree. (2) _____, going to college—even a public college—is becoming more and more expensive. (3) What's a student with little money to do? (4) The only way to make higher education accessible to students with low incomes is to abolish tuition at public colleges. Which expression should be added to sentence 2 to best clarify the relationships among Paco's ideas?

However

Which sentence contains an error in pronoun-antecedent agreement?

If attendees have questions, she should stop at the information counter.

Which statements describe iambic pentameter as it is used in Shakespearean sonnets? Select two options.

In a group of two syllables, the second is stressed. Each line contains five metrical feet.

Read the last paragraph of an argument in favor of censoring content on social media. _____ social media content can be offensive, violent, and vicious. In many cases it has led to harmful acts. Censorship of social media is no longer a topic for philosophical debate. It is time to take action to protect ourselves and our children. Which transitional words or phrases best fit in the blank? Select two options.

In conclusion, To summarize,

Which questions best help determine whether a news source is reputable and objective? Select three options.

In what order does the news source choose to present the headlines? Does the news source use language that might lead to an emotional response? What type of language do the reporters use in the published news stories?

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Passing along information is an important part of the news process. Earlier [Project for Excellence in Journalism] research finds the role of Twitter in disseminating breaking news is not limited to the Arab uprisings—the death of Whitney Houston, for example, was announced on Twitter 55 minutes prior to the [Associated Press] confirming the story. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." What reasons do the authors give to support the claim that social media both helps and threatens smaller media outlets? Select two options.

Information is sometimes shared on social media before it is released by traditional media. News organizations must compete with one another and with social media to reach audiences.

Which queries best evaluate sources for a research-based essay on the most effective types of physical activity? Select three options.

Is the author of this researched source unbiased? Does the source contain research that was conducted recently? Is the publisher of this source a valid and reliable source of information?

How does an effective argumentative essay address counterclaims?

It acknowledges counterclaims and provides a fair and objective rebuttal.

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. What is the impact of the loaded language in this paragraph?

It calls attention to the urgency of the message.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Which statement is true about the narrators' different perspectives? Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: Forget sanity if you're the only one with a pass to sit in the back of church during service. Well, not every time. I remember once when I attended confession. I was in fourth grade. I was standing with my class in line to take the Eucharist. I wasn't supposed to be in line but I didn't feel like sitting like a loner in the back pew till the end of the service.

It can be difficult and confusing when you do not know why you need to do certain things.

Read the poem "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. This is for the woman with one black wing perched over her eyes: lovely Frida, erect among parrots, in the stern petticoats of the peasant, who painted herself a present— wildflowers entwining the plaster corset her spine resides in, that flaming pillar— this priestess in the romance of mirrors. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. How does this poem resemble an Elizabethan sonnet?

It contains exactly 14 lines

Read the paragraph. Thurgood Marshall was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Howard University, where he studied law. He served for years as influential legal counsel to the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), acting as a champion of civil rights for African Americans. He is famous for winning the 1954 case Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka, in which it was ruled that racial segregation in schools was illegal. Marshall became the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice. His remarkable achievements — as a lawyer, as a Supreme Court justice, and as a human being — were nothing short of extraordinary. What effect does the author's use of words with strong connotations have on the paragraph?

It conveys admiration.

Read the sentence. The garden was enclosed by tall stone walls, which blocked out the noise and bustle of the city. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

It describes the effect of the tall stone walls.

Read the sentence. I like reading novels that bring to life events in history. Which statement best explains how the underlined clause conveys meaning?

It describes the type of novel the speaker likes.

Read the text and review the chart. The standard plank test is an easy way to measure the strength and endurance of your core muscles. You can perform the test at home. All you need is a stopwatch and a partner. To perform the standard plank test: •Move into the plank position, positioning feet and hands on the floor as if doing a push-up. •Hold this "up" position as long as possible, being careful to keep your back straight and flat. •Have a partner time how long you can hold the pose. The timer should be stopped when your hips begin to sag or rise. How does the performance chart included in this document help clarify the standard plank test procedure?

It helps test takers interpret and evaluate their test results.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "She did all that she was told, she was always truthful, she kept her clothes clean, ate milk puddings as though they were jam tarts, learned her lessons perfectly, and was polite in her manners." "Was she pretty?" asked the bigger of the small girls. "Not as pretty as any of you," said the bachelor, "but she was horribly good." There was a wave of reaction in favour of the story; the word horrible in connection with goodness was a novelty that commended itself. It seemed to introduce a ring of truth that was absent from the aunt's tales of infant life. How does the underlined sentence contribute to the theme that culture can limit our thinking?

It indicates that the aunt's portrayal of right and wrong is inauthentic and unconvincing.

Read the stanza from "Sonnet in Primary Colors" by Rita Dove. Each night she lay down in pain and rose to the celluloid butterflies of her Beloved Dead, Lenin and Marx and Stalin arrayed at the footstead. And rose to her easel, the hundred dogs panting like children along the graveled walks of the garden, Diego's love a skull in the circular window of the thumbprint searing her immutable brow. How does the underlined figurative language contribute to the meaning of the poem?

It indicates that the love Frida once felt has died.

Read the excerpt from act 4, scene 3, of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. [BRUTUS.] Messala, I have here receivèd letters, That young Octavius and Mark Antony Come down upon us with a mighty power, Bending their expedition toward Philippi. MESSALA. Myself have letters of the selfsame tenor. BRUTUS. With what addition? MESSALA. That by proscription and bills of outlawry, Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus Have put to death an hundred senators. BRUTUS. Therein our letters do not well agree. Mine speak of seventy senators that died By their proscriptions, Cicero being one. CASSIUS. Cicero one! MESSALA. Ay, Cicero is dead, And by that order of proscription. How does this interaction affect the plot?

It informs the audience about events that took place off stage.

Read the sentence. The English novelist Virginia Woolf, who pioneered the use of stream of consciousness in fiction, was a prolific writer, and the influence of her fiction and nonfiction on her contemporaries was both powerful and pervasive. Which statements best describe this sentence? Select three options.

It is a compound-complex sentence. It contains a nonrestrictive clause. It links three clauses to add variety to a text.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. When at last a grayish light appeared on the horizon, it revealed a tangle of human shapes, heads sunk deeply between the shoulders, crouching, piled one on top of the other, like a cemetery covered with snow. In the early dawn light, I tried to distinguish between the living and those who were no more. But there was barely a difference. My gaze remained fixed on someone who, eyes wide open, stared into space. His colorless face was covered with a layer of frost and snow. Which statement best describes the atmosphere the author creates?

It is a nightmarish atmosphere.

Read the counterclaim from an argumentative essay. Bob Dylan's lyrics are just as effective without musical accompaniment. Which reason would best refute the counterclaim?

It is impossible to separate song lyrics from the music that accompanies them.

What are the characteristics of a formal discussion? Select three options.

It is led in a methodical and procedural way. It uses specialized, subject-specific language. It requires preparation in the form of research or review.

Study the cartoon Our Carbon Footprint by Signe Wilkinson. How does exaggeration create meaning in this cartoon?

The enormous footprint shows the extensive damage of the oil spill to the environment.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." In a low, confidential voice, interrupted at frequent intervals by loud, petulant questionings from her listeners, she began an unenterprising and deplorably uninteresting story about a little girl who was good, and made friends with every one on account of her goodness, and was finally saved from a mad bull by a number of rescuers who admired her moral character. "Wouldn't they have saved her if she hadn't been good?" demanded the bigger of the small girls. It was exactly the question that the bachelor had wanted to ask. "Well, yes," admitted the aunt lamely, "but I don't think they would have run quite so fast to her help if they had not liked her so much." Which theme does this passage best support?

It is necessary to question authority.

Read the excerpt from Parvati's argument in favor of using cell phones in class. Today's cell phones are not just phones; they are little computers. That means they are effective research tools. Students can use them to access dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials. They can search for articles, videos, and images. In my civics class, our teacher even held mock elections, and we voted using our cell phones. What is the best evaluation of Parvati's evidence?

It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork.

Sanjay is writing a rebuttal to this counterclaim. Teachers should not assign a heavy homework load because many high school students have jobs and their share of household chores. Which reason can Sanjay use to most effectively refute the counterclaim?

It is true that students often work and do household chores, but managing homework in addition to other responsibilities helps students learn to organize their time efficiently and prioritize their studies.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed quite unchanged since the Rebellion. He did his work in the same slow obstinate way as he had done it in Jones's time, never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. About the Rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone, he would say only "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey," and the others had to be content with this cryptic answer. How does the central idea of this passage—that older generations are less excited about rebellion than younger ones—serve as social commentary?

It points out the overenthusiasm and zealousness of the younger generation.

Read the excerpt from Animal Farm. How does the conflict between Mollie and Clover propel the plot forward? As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there were also rumours of something more serious. One day, as Mollie strolled blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of hay, Clover took her aside.

It results in Mollie choosing to leave the farm.

Read the excerpt from "A Poem for My Librarian, Mrs. Long." She would go to the big library uptown and I now know Hat in hand to ask to borrow so that I might borrow... But she nonetheless brought the books Back and I held them to my chest Close to my heart How does the time period in which the poem takes place contribute to the reader's understanding of this excerpt?

It shows how books provided the speaker with an escape from social injustices.

The author uses the narrative technique of characterization in this excerpt. How does this technique support her purpose?

It shows that Enrique is resourceful.

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. How does the text "Ivy U. Law" on the board show the cartoonist's perspective?

It shows that the cartoonist thinks that many Supreme Court justices have Ivy League educations.

Read the text and review the nutritional chart. HEART-HEALTHY GREEN EGGS AND HAM ON THE GO A heart-healthy diet is low in sodium. Given that ham is very high in sodium, it should be used sparingly or replaced with a lower-sodium protein substitute. This easy recipe can help make that possible. Ingredients 32 oz. liquid egg whites 1 medium avocado 1 tsp. pepper 4 oz. low-sodium, low-fat ham, diced into small cubes Directions 1. Preheat the oven to 350°F. Place six 8-ounce disposable aluminum baking cups on a baking sheet. 2. In a medium bowl, briskly whisk together the egg whites, avocado, and pepper until they are very well combined and have a creamy texture. 3. Put half the ham in the baking cups. Pour in the egg white mixture. Top each cup with the remaining ham. 4. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes, or until the tops are lightly browned and the eggs are set. Remove the baking sheet from the oven. Let stand to cool. NUTRITION How does the graphic element in this recipe help support the text?

It shows the sodium quantity of the prepared recipe.

Read the excerpt from act 5, scene 1, of Julius Caesar. MESSENGER. Prepare you, generals. The enemy comes on in gallant show. Their bloody sign of battle is hung out, And something to be done immediately. ANTONY. Octavius, lead your battle softly on, Upon the left hand of the even field. OCTAVIUS. Upon the right hand, I; keep thou the left. How does the use of the word gallant add to the meaning of the sentence?

It suggests that the enemy is courageous.

Study the editorial cartoon Mars Probe by Mike Keefe. How does the alien with the baseball bat contribute to the effectiveness of the political cartoon?

It uses humor to show that unknown factors keep damaging the probes humans send.

A high school student has just won a science award from NASA, and the local paper is reporting on this accomplishment. Which headline would best indicate that the priority of the news source is to maintain credibility?

Jones High School Senior Wins NASA Award

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. Which statement best describes the fallacy in this passage?

Justice Taney assumes that the writers of the Constitution would agree with him about citizenship.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Malia and her colleagues are discussing ways to improve hiring practices. Malia thinks that their company does not do a very good job at recruiting or interviewing skilled candidates, so she has researched effective hiring practices and has brought lots of ideas with her. Malia offers the information she has brought with her. She listens carefully to her colleagues' concerns and answers questions. She uses new terminology she learned in her research. Which statement best describes what kind of presenter Malia is?

Malia is an effective presenter because she shares ideas supported by research, and she listens and responds to other members.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. They had just finished singing it for the third time when Squealer, attended by two dogs, approached them with the air of having something important to say. He announced that, by a special decree of Comrade Napoleon, "Beasts of England" had been abolished. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. The animals were taken aback. "Why?" cried Muriel. "It's no longer needed, comrade," said Squealer stiffly. "'Beasts of England' was the song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The execution of the traitors this afternoon was the final act. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. In 'Beasts of England' we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But that society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose." Frightened though they were, some of the animals might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good, two legs bad," which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion. So "Beasts of England" was heard no more. In its place Minimus, the poet, had composed another song which began: Animal Farm, Animal Farm, Never through me shalt thou come to harm! and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. But somehow neither the words nor the tune ever seemed to the animals to come up to "Beasts of England." How does the introduction of Minimus the poet support the author's purpose?

Minimus represents the producers of state-approved songs and slogans in Stalin's era.

In Animal Farm, what does Squealer say will happen if the animals continue to have Sunday morning debates?

Mr. Jones will come back to rule the farm.

Read the excerpt from activist Cesar Chavez's 1984 address to the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. All my life, I have been driven by one dream, one goal, one vision: To overthrow a farm labor system in this nation which treats farm workers as if they were not important human beings. Farm workers are not agricultural implements—they are not beasts of burden to be used and discarded. . . . . . . My motivation comes from my personal life—from watching what my mother and father went through when I was growing up—from what we experienced as migrant farm workers in California. That dream, that vision, grew from my own experience with racism—with hope—with the desire to be treated fairly and to see my people treated as human beings and not as chattel. It grew from anger and rage—emotions I felt 40 years ago when people of my color were denied the right to see a movie or eat at a restaurant in many parts of California. It grew from the frustration and humiliation I felt as a boy who couldn't understand how the growers could abuse and exploit farm workers when there were so many of us and so few of them. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options.

My singular objective has been to change farming practices so workers are respected. This dream for change came from my own experiences of racism and mistreatment.

Which statement about news reports is true?

News reports include objective facts presented without bias.

Read Colin's argument. Nowadays, one often hears complaints that drones can invade people's privacy. But this is not true. Flying drones is actually a sport. It requires coordination and technical skills like other sports. In fact, there should be professional drone-flying leagues. If people recognized this sport, they would no longer complain about where and when drone owners flew their drones. Is Colin's evidence relevant to his claim?

No, because it is about flying drones being a sport, not about privacy issues.

Which statement would best conclude an evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"?

Overall, DeLuca's wide-ranging evidence will prove that rock lyrics are indeed poetry.

Read the opening paragraphs from two articles about the same news story. Paragraph 1: Santiago Lopez, a retired Professional Football League quarterback for the San Diego Waves, has publicly accused his former employers of negligence. While he played on the team, he sustained two severe knee injuries. Both injuries were to the right knee and happened within six months of each other. According to Lopez, the league knew of the seriousness of the injuries, but required him to continue to play instead of allowing him to recuperate properly. He continues by saying, "I made a commitment to the league, the Waves, and the fans, and I wanted to fulfill that, but not at the cost of my career. If I had been allowed to heal properly, I believe that I could still be playing today." League officials have declined to comment. Paragraph 2: Santiago Lopez, one of the all-time greats of the Professional Football League, was forced to retire because he can no longer walk unassisted. While playing with the San Diego Waves, he sustained painful injuries to his right knee. Lopez says that the league knew he was hurt but required him to continue to play throughout the remainder of the season. The league's actions are disappointing and irresponsible. By refusing to allow Lopez to properly treat his injuries, the league has essentially forced him into early retirement. This mismanagement has robbed him of the rest of his career and the fans of the opportunity to see him play. Which statement best compares the two paragraphs?

Paragraph 1 uses objective language, while paragraph 2 uses subjective language.

Passage 1 Many people think that standardized testing is unnecessary; however, standardized testing is the only way to measure student achievement. Viewing student testing only from a student's perspective is missing the point. If we think of it in practical terms, we can see that testing students gives us a baseline to assist those students in their areas of greatest need. Without standardized testing, that assistance would not be possible. Passage 2 Students experience anxiety during standardized testing. Everyone knows this, and everyone should realize that no child deserves to feel unnecessary stress. Imagine one of your own children suffering through the rigors of a week—or more—of testing. Imagine that anxiety, even though there were clearly alternatives available to avoid it. This is just one of the many reasons to eliminate standardized testing in our schools. How do the fallacies in the first passage differ from the fallacies in the second?

Passage 1 contains a false dilemma, while passage 2 contains a bandwagon appeal.

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 School uniforms could alter students' attitudes toward their education. If students wear the same clothing each day, they will not have to think about what to wear on a daily basis. In addition, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce envy or embarrassment. Conforming to one uniform might also help students fit in more easily. Passage 2 School uniforms have no place in education, especially since we are trying to instill the principles of individuality and diversity in our children. School uniforms destroy students' abilities to be themselves. I have seen schools where uniforms are required; the students' faces tell the whole story. By enforcing uniforms in school, we are clearly not giving students a choice in what they wear. But when we take away choice, more than just choice is lost. Which statement best compares how the authors develop their arguments?

Passage 1 uses a logical approach, while passage 2 contains appeals to emotion.

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Raising the minimum wage for workers will provide a significant boost to the economy. For example, changing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour would add $22 billion to the economy by increasing people's purchasing power. Household spending would increase by $48 billion in one year with a similar minimum wage increase. Increased earnings lead to increased spending and a greater demand for products and services. This phenomenon then leads to the need for more workers and, thereby, job growth. Passage 2 The current federal minimum wage for workers is $7.25. If the government increased that by $1.75, studies show that household spending would also increase—by $48 billion annually. An economic move like this makes too much sense to ignore. A rise in household spending would mean an expansion in the profits of many businesses, including small businesses. As a small-business owner, I would certainly welcome the extra income. The last time the minimum wage was increased, my profit margin increased substantially. My fellow small-business owners experienced a similar profit growth that year. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why?

Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is logical and is supported by anecdotes.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASSIUS. 'Tis just; And it is very much lamented, Brutus,60 That you have no such mirrors as will turn Your hidden worthiness into your eye, That you might see your shadow. I have heard Where many of the best respect in Rome— Except immortal Caesar—speaking of Brutus,65 And groaning underneath this age's yoke, Have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes. What does the image of "And groaning underneath this age's yoke" suggest about the meaning of the passage? (A yoke is a wooden harness, or collar, put around the neck of a horse or oxen that is pulling a plough.)

People are suffering under the current leadership.

Which examples are simple sentences? Select three options.

Reading novels is one of the greatest pleasures in my life. Some call reading fantasy and science fiction a form of escapism. One of the best ways to learn about history is by reading historical novels.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. Sam is participating in a group discussion about the importance of healthy eating. Throughout the discussion, he checks his phone frequently and stares out the window. However, Sam is listening to the discussion and will be able to recall details about it later. He even contributes a few ideas, paraphrases for clarity, and asks some questions. Why isn't Sam demonstrating good speaking and listening skills?

Sam's body language does not show engagement.

Read the conversation between Louise and Mark. LOUISE. If we decide to order a new scoreboard for the gym, we should probably order it before the end of next week. I reached out to the manufacturer and learned that the scoreboard we've discussed will take three months to build and ship. If we place the order next week, the scoreboard will arrive just in time for the new school year. Unfortunately, shipping takes— MARK, interrupting Louise. Placing an order requires a 50 percent deposit up front in the form of a certified check. I'm not sure I can get a check from the treasurer by next week. I'm not even sure we have enough money saved to pay for it. LOUISE. Thanks for the reminder, Mark. Kristin, how much have we raised in candy bar sales so far? The total cost with shipping is $1,400.00, but with the sponsorship money, the total comes to only $580. How does Louise demonstrate appropriate behavior for participating in a group discussion? Select two options.

She encourages the contributions of other group members. She comes prepared with information that is important to the discussion

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." The frown on the bachelor's face was deepening to a scowl. He was a hard, unsympathetic man, the aunt decided in her mind. She was utterly unable to come to any satisfactory decision about the grass in the other field. How does the characterization of the aunt contribute to the satire?

She misinterprets the reactions of others.

Read the excerpt from a credible source for Mirai's research-based essay on the effects of the declining bee population. Honeybees play a major role in the pollination of produce sold in the United States. Without the prolific support of honeybees, the nation's agricultural economy will suffer losses as great as those in the bee population. What would be the most effective way for Mirai to include this research in her essay?

She should quote the second sentence directly, because it establishes important supporting evidence in a unique way.

In his argument in favor of starting classes later in the morning, João is addressing the counterclaim that classes should not start later because doing so would limit students' opportunity to participate in school sports and clubs. Although starting classes later might well make it impossible for students to spend as many hours on after-school sports, getting more sleep would ensure that they got more out of the time they did spend on those activities. With more sleep, their sporting performance would actually improve. Which evidence would best support João's rebuttal? Select three options.

Sleep deprivation harms memory. Overtired teens are more prone to accidents. Teens dealing from sleep deprivation lose the ability to focus.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Which statement best expresses the authors' claim?

Social media poses a threat to more traditional media outlets.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. "Comrades!" cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, "a most terrible thing has been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick of Pinchfield Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowball's rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. It has all been proved by documents which he left behind him and which we have only just discovered. To my mind this explains a great deal, comrades. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted—fortunately without success—to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?" The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball's destruction of the windmill. But it was some minutes before they could fully take it in. They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side. Even Boxer, who seldom asked questions, was puzzled. He lay down, tucked his fore hoofs beneath him, shut his eyes, and with a hard effort managed to formulate his thoughts. "I do not believe that," he said. "Snowball fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed. I saw him myself. Did we not give him 'Animal Hero, First Class,' immediately afterwards?" "That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now—it is all written down in the secret documents that we have found—that in reality he was trying to lure us to our doom." Which statement best explains the passage's connection to life in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin?

Squealer's false claim that he has documents to prove that Snowball is a traitor reflects lies used to control people.

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that it is important to invest in early childhood education. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim?

Students who had early childhood education perform better academically than students who did not.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? Which statement could best be used as an effective counterclaim to this claim?

Taney cannot deny Scott citizenship because it is a federal right.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. Which statement best serves as a counterclaim to the claim in this passage?

Taney fails to provide any actual evidence for his statements that African Americans were universally considered inferior.

Read the passage. The Americans with Disabilities act was passed by Congress in 1990. It was the nation's first comprehensive civil rights law protecting Americans with disabilities. The purpose of the ADA is to protect people with disabilities from discrimination. Discrimination in employment, public services, and telecommunications was made illegal by this important legislation. More importantly, all public spaces in the US must now be ADA compliant. Which sentence corrects the error in capitalization?

The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed by Congress in 1990.

Read the excerpt from President Lincoln's 1865 inaugural address, in which he speaks about the Civil War. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Which statement best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt?

The Civil War occurred because people in the South wanted to protect and spread the practice of slavery.

Read the excerpt from "The Crab That Played with the Sea." Which conclusion about the Eldest Magician does this excerpt support? 'Was that well done?' said the Eldest Magician. 'Yes,' said the Man. 'But now we must go back to Perak, and that is a weary way to paddle. If we had waited till Pau Amma had gone out of Pusat Tasek and come home, the water would have carried us there by itself.' 'You are lazy,' said the Eldest Magician. 'So your children shall be lazy. They shall be the laziest people in the world. They shall be called the Malazy—the lazy people;' and he held up his finger to the Moon and said, 'O Fisherman, here is the Man too lazy to row home. Pull his canoe home with your line, Fisherman.' 'No,' said the Man. 'If I am to be lazy all my days, let the Sea work for me twice a day for ever. That will save paddling.' And the Eldest Magician laughed and said, 'Payah kun' (That is right). And the Rat of the Moon stopped biting the line; and the Fisherman let his line down till it touched the Sea, and he pulled the whole deep Sea along, past the Island of Bintang, past Singapore, past Malacca, past Selangor, till the canoe whirled into the mouth of the Perak River again. 'Kun?' said the Fisherman of the Moon. 'Payah kun,' said the Eldest Magician. 'See now that you pull the Sea twice a day and twice a night for ever, so that the Malazy fishermen may be saved paddling. But be careful not to do it too hard, or I shall make a magic on you as I did to Pau Amma.' Then they all went up the Perak River and went to bed, Best Beloved. From that day to this the Moon has always pulled the sea up and down and made what we call the tides. Sometimes the Fisher of the Sea pulls a little too hard, and then we get spring tides; and sometimes he pulls a little too softly, and then we get what are called neap-tides; but nearly always he is careful, because of the Eldest Magician.

The Eldest Magician has a good sense of humor.

Which examples are compound sentences? Select three options.

The French drink strong black coffee mixed with hot milk; the Italians drink small cups of espresso. According to my Spanish teacher, Basques have a unique culture, and their language is unrelated to any other world language. My aunt and uncle love to travel in their camper, and they can stop wherever they want to.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judgment for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. What claim does Taney make in this passage?

The Missouri circuit court does not have jurisdiction in the case against Sanford.

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. Healthcare costs are becoming an issue for many Americans. In just two years, the average family has seen an increase of 3 percent in insurance costs. The increase rises to 25 percent when you include families who buy insurance on an exchange. At this rate, health care will soon be completely unaffordable for most Americans. Therefore, lowering the cost of health insurance must be a priority for lawmakers. Which statement best explains why the argument is logical?

The argument contains relevant reasons supported with facts and data.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "You don't seem to be a success as a storyteller," said the bachelor suddenly from his corner. The aunt bristled in instant defense at this unexpected attack. "It's a very difficult thing to tell stories that children can both understand and appreciate," she said stiffly. "I don't agree with you," said the bachelor. "Perhaps you would like to tell them a story," was the aunt's retort. "Tell us a story," demanded the bigger of the small girls. "Once upon a time," began the bachelor, "there was a little girl called Bertha, who was extraordinarily good." The children's momentarily-aroused interest began at once to flicker; all stories seemed dreadfully alike, no matter who told them. Which statement best explains the situational irony that occurs in the passage?

The aunt does not expect the bachelor to tell a story, but he does.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. My father had huddled near me, draped in his blanket, shoulders laden with snow. And what if he were dead, as well? I called out to him. No response. I would have screamed if I could have. He was not moving. Suddenly, the evidence overwhelmed me: there was no longer any reason to live, any reason to fight. What is the author's viewpoint about the situation in this excerpt?

The author believes that the situation is without hope, so he sees no reason to continue on.

How does the fact that Night is a memoir rather than a biography or informational text help the author achieve his purpose in this excerpt?

The author is able to personalize the event by using the words we and us.

What indicates that the author's purpose is to inform readers about travel south of Madagascar and Zanzibar?

The author shares facts and specific details about the difficulty of sailing in the region.

Which sentence gives the best description of indirect characterization?

The author uses a person's thoughts and words to tell readers about a character.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt's parliamentary and presidential elections. However, [Suzanne] Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it's from, to whom it's attributed, [and] especially when various events are happening very quickly." Arab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. Which statement best evaluates the evidence in the text?

The authors effectively use verifiable data and a quotation from an expert to support their claim.

Then Gandhi invited each person in the theater to join him in an exceptional oath, a pledge not to register, not to accept the government's rules, even if that resulted in severe punishment. Gandhi insisted that every person weigh the commitment and make a personal choice. "Every individual," he explained, must make the oath him- or herself, facing not to his neighbor, but his God. Nor should it be taken in order to gain power over anybody but oneself, for the power of an oath is defined by what one man can promise to do, and what he is willing to suffer: insult, incarceration, hard labor, flogging, fine, deportation, and even death. Everyone in the audience raised his or her hand. Gandhi bound the crowd together to follow a new path, which he called Satyagraha—which means "truth with force," or "firmness." It is also called "love-force." While the goal of violence is to defeat and vanquish the enemy, the goal of Satyagraha is to convince or convert the opponent. "He must be weaned from error by patience and sympathy." A person who believes in Satyagraha will not fight physically, but instead resists through his or her own inner courage, knowing he might be jailed or beaten. Which statement best describes the authors' purpose in this passage?

The authors want to persuade readers that Gandhi had a strong influence on the Indian workers.

Read the scenario about a formal discussion. A mayoral candidate is having an open discussion with voters about a proposed plan to fund welfare programs by raising property taxes. The candidate strongly supports the plan and speaks forcefully about it. She focuses on the importance of a social safety net by asking voters to imagine needing the services themselves. She avoids the topic of the state's budget concerns and asking voters to hold their questions and concerns until the very end. Which statement best describes what kind of a speaker the political candidate is?

The candidate is an ineffective speaker because she does not support her opinions with facts.

Study the cartoon More Beaches Reported with Unhealthy Contaminants by Don Landgren Jr. How does the cartoonist use an analogy to express his viewpoint in this cartoon?

The cartoonist compares the shark's illness to food poisoning to show that pollution affects wildlife.

In the 1400s, Spain and Portugal were competing to explore down the coast of Africa and find a sea route to Asia. That way, they could have the prized Asian spices they wanted without having to pay high prices to Venetian and Muslim middlemen. Spanish and Portuguese sailors searching for that sea route conquered the Canary Islands and the Azores. Soon they began building Muslim-style sugar plantations on the islands, some of them staffed by slaves purchased from nearby Africa. One sailor came to know these islands particularly well because he traded in "white gold"—sugar. And then, as he set off on his second voyage across the sea to what he thought was Asia, he carried sugar cane plants from Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, with him on his ship. His name was Christopher Columbus. How do the details in the passage most support the central idea?

The details describe how Spanish and Portuguese explorations helped expand the sugar trade.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. In the 1400s, Spain and Portugal were competing to explore down the coast of Africa and find a sea route to Asia. That way, they could have the prized Asian spices they wanted without having to pay high prices to Venetian and Muslim middlemen. Spanish and Portuguese sailors searching for that sea route conquered the Canary Islands and the Azores. Soon they began building Muslim-style sugar plantations on the islands, some of them staffed by slaves purchased from nearby Africa. One sailor came to know these islands particularly well because he traded in "white gold"—sugar. And then, as he set off on his second voyage across the sea to what he thought was Asia, he carried sugar cane plants from Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, with him on his ship. His name was Christopher Columbus. How do the details in the passage most support the central idea?

The details describe how Spanish and Portuguese explorations helped expand the sugar trade.

How do the excerpts differ in purpose?

The first excerpt shows their expectations about the camp, and the second shows the reality of their circumstances.

Read the excerpts from chapter 2 of Night. Excerpt 1 When they came back, they told us that they had learned, in exchange for a gold watch, that this was the final destination. We were to leave the train here. There was a labor camp on the site. The conditions were good. Families would not be separated. Only the young would work in the factories. The old and the sick would find work in the fields. Confidence soared. Suddenly we felt free of the previous nights' terror. We gave thanks to God. Excerpt 2 We stared at the flames in the darkness. A wretched stench floated in the air. Abruptly, our doors opened. Strange-looking creatures, dressed in striped jackets and black pants, jumped into the wagon. Holding flashlights and sticks, they began to strike at us left and right, shouting: "Everybody out! Leave everything inside. Hurry up!" We jumped out. I glanced at Mrs. Schächter. Her little boy was still holding her hand. In front of us, those flames. In the air, the smell of burning flesh. It must have been around midnight. We had arrived. In Birkenau. How do the excerpts differ in purpose?

The first excerpt shows their expectations about the camp, and the second shows the reality of their circumstances.

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees recently interviewed 404 children who had arrived in the United States from Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico; 58 percent said their primary reason for leaving was violence. (A similar survey in 2006, of Central American children coming into Mexico, found that only 13 percent were fleeing violence.) They aren't just going to the United States: Less conflicted countries in Central America had a 712 percent increase in asylum claims between 2008 and 2013. Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. Enrique allows himself to doze only on trains farther north, where the gangsters no longer control the tops of the trains. There, he jams his body into the crevice on top of a hopper, next to the trapdoors used to fill the car. Or he waits until the train rounds a curve, giving him a good view of all of the cars. He spots a boxcar with its door open. When the train slows, he jumps off and races to the boxcar, jumping inside for a quick nap. What technique does the author use in each excerpt to support her purpose?

The first excerpt uses facts and statistics, and the second excerpt is told as a story.

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace. . . . The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. . . . Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. Read the excerpt from "The Truth about Twitter, Facebook and the Uprisings in the Arab World" by Peter Beaumont. As commentators have tried to imagine the nature of the uprisings, they have attempted to cast them as many things: as an Arab version of the eastern European revolutions of 1989 or something akin to the Iranian revolution that toppled the Shah in 1979. Most often, though, they have tried to conceive them through the media that informed them—as the result of WikiLeaks, as "Twitter revolutions" or inspired by Facebook. All of which, as American media commentatorJay Rosen has written, has generated an equally controversialist class of article in reply, most often written far from the revolutions. These stories are not simply sceptical about the contribution of social media, but determined to deny it has played any part. Those at the vanguard of this argument include Malcolm Gladwell in the New Yorker (Does Egypt Need Twitter?), the New Statesman's Laurie Penny (Revolts Don't Have to be Tweeted) and even David Kravets of Wired.co.uk (What's Fuelling Mideast Protests? It's More Than Twitter). All have argued one way or another that since there were revolutions before social media, and it is people who make revolutions, how could it be important? Except social media has played a role. For those of us who have covered these events, it has been unavoidable. Precisely how we communicate in these moments of historic crisis and transformation is important. The medium that carries the message shapes and defines as well as the message itself. The instantaneous nature of how social media communicate self-broadcast ideas, unlimited by publication deadlines and broadcast news slots, explains in part the speed at which these revolutions have unravelled, their almost viral spread across a region. It explains, too, the often loose and non-hierarchical organisation of the protest movements unconsciously modelled on the networks of the web. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why?

The first passage provides more effective evidence because it has data and statistics from research reports, while the second passage uses titles of articles and authors' names as evidence.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." All of the tales in the first edition bear the marks of their diverse storytellers who believed in the magic, superstitions, and miraculous transformations of the tales. It may be difficult for us to understand why this is the case, but for the storytellers and writers of these tales, the stories contained truths about the living conditions of their times. The tales in the first edition were collected not from peasants, as is commonly believed, but mainly from literate people whom the Grimms came to know quite well. Evidence shows that these people often obtained their tales from illiterate or anonymous informants. Even if they did not know their informants, the Grimms came to trust almost everyone who contributed to their collection. It is this mutual trust that marks the tales as something special and endows them with a certain humanity, what Germans call Menschlichkeit, and it is this mutual trust among folklorists in the nineteenth century that marks it as the golden age of folk and fairy tales. The tales in the first edition set a certain standard that collectors began to follow and still follow even today. Which idea does the author use to conclude the paragraph?

The first-edition tales influenced folklorists to trust one another to gather authentic tales of living conditions.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Which idea does the author use to conclude the paragraph? All of the tales in the first edition bear the marks of their diverse storytellers who believed in the magic, superstitions, and miraculous transformations of the tales. It may be difficult for us to understand why this is the case, but for the storytellers and writers of these tales, the stories contained truths about the living conditions of their times. The tales in the first edition were collected not from peasants, as is commonly believed, but mainly from literate people whom the Grimms came to know quite well. Evidence shows that these people often obtained their tales from illiterate or anonymous informants. Even if they did not know their informants, the Grimms came to trust almost everyone who contributed to their collection. It is this mutual trust that marks the tales as something special and endows them with a certain humanity, what Germans call Menschlichkeit, and it is this mutual trust among folklorists in the nineteenth century that marks it as the golden age of folk and fairy tales. The tales in the first edition set a certain standard that collectors began to follow and still follow even today.

The first-edition tales influenced folklorists to trust one another to gather authentic tales of living conditions.

Read the passage. The cost of health care is rising in America. The amount that an average family must pay for insurance is simply unaffordable. I know this because my family is an average American family—and we are worried. The people who make decisions about health care do not seem to think about the effect of the rising costs on hardworking people like my husband and me. Which statement best explains why the evidence provided in the text is a fallacy?

The writer uses an appeal to emotion by portraying her family as abandoned by policy makers.

Read the headline. Governor Raids Funding for After-School Programs for Preschoolers Which statement best evaluates the objectivity of the headline?

The headline is not objective because the word raids adds emotion to the language.

The owner of a sugar plantation built a home—called the Great House—usually high on a hill, where the tropical breezes blow. The open windows provided a kind of air conditioning, making even the hottest days more pleasant. These grand homes, with their high, cool rooms, their polished mahogany furniture, and their servants flitting between the main house and the separate cooking building, were meant to command attention, to show power and wealth. A plantation owner was a kind of god or king, ruling over his empire of sugar. In the Great House the owners could sit on the verandahs, rest their legs on special chairs made for pulling off high rubber boots, drink their rum swizzlers, while their slaves labored on hundreds and hundreds of acres of cane fields. The furniture was imported from abroad, along with all the other comforts—silverware, silk-covered chairs, white christening gowns, porcelain washing bowls. To this day, you can find the Great Houses of old plantations on hilltops throughout the Caribbean, and yet the strange thing is that the men who built and owned the homes hardly used them. For as soon as a sugar planter made enough money, he took his family and moved back to Europe. You can find the planters in the great English novels of the 1800s, such as Jane Austen's Mansfield Park, settled into their English homes and watching, through their account books, how the sugar crop was doing back in the Caribbean. While the masters enjoyed the life of wealth in Europe, the daily routine of the plantations was left in the hands of the overseers. Most often poor men who came to the New World to make their fortunes, the overseers had not the slightest sympathy for their enslaved workers. This is a picture of a Great House in Jamaica. How does the illustration relate to the description of a Great House in the text?

The illustration shows what a Great House looked like from the outside, while the text explains what a Great House looked like from the inside.

Study the cartoon by James Silk. How do the ice float and the text create meaning?

The image and the text work together to show the destructive consequences of human activity.

Read the passage and study the image from Sugar Changed the World. Caption: Based on drawings from around 7000 BCE, this image depicts rock climbers finding honey in cliffs. This is the earliest known form of honey collecting. (Eva Crane, World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting). . . . A rock drawing in Spain from about 7000 B.C. shows a man who has climbed a hillside, found a crevice holding a hive, and is reaching in to grab the honey. Indeed, a lucky wanderer in just about any part of Europe, Africa, or Asia that wasn't covered with ice could stumble on a hive and—at the risk of some stings—come away with a treat. (People in the Americas had no bees, so used syrups made from maple trees, agave cactus, or mashed fruits for their sweeteners.) Then someone figured out that you didn't have to be lucky. You could hollow out a log near bees, and they would make it their home. You could "keep" bees—you didn't have to find them. How does the image support the text?

The image shows how ancient people collected honey before beekeeping began.

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. What is the central idea of this page?

The maid was a child, like Marjane.

Read the excerpt from chapter 6 of Animal Farm. All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings. What statement best explains how the pacing reveals character in this passage?

The passage describes a year in which the animals work extremely hard but feel a sense of accomplishment.

Which sentence best reflects the author's subjective perspective on the people of Japan?

The people of Japan are good-looking and well-mannered.

What does the gerund phrase "volunteering at the animal shelter" contribute to the text?

The phrase adds more details by providing a direct object.

Which central ideas are developed in chapters 3 and 4 of Animal Farm? Select two options.

The pigs use language and propaganda as tools. Only the pigs are able to learn to read and write

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. What reasons does Warren provide in this passage to support the claim? Select three options.

The policy of segregation increases a sense of inferiority because it is a law. Racially segregated schools take away educational benefits from African Americans. The policy of segregation makes African American children feel inferior.

Which event is part of the rising action in "Little Snow White"?

The queen learns that she is not the fairest of them all.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. In the instant cases, that question is directly presented. . . . There are findings below that the Negro and white schools involved have been equalized, or are being equalized, with respect to buildings, curricula, qualifications and salaries of teachers, and other "tangible" factors. Our decision, therefore, cannot turn on merely a comparison of these tangible factors in the Negro and white schools involved in each of the cases. We must look instead to the effect of segregation itself on public education. . . . Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. What reason does Warren give for making the claim that comparing "tangible factors" is not enough to evaluate segregation?

The real impact of racial segregation is emotional damage to minority students.

Read the definitions. ex- = "out" im- = "in" plicit = "folded" Which sentence uses the underlined word correctly?

The research assignment came with explicit instructions on source citation.

Which sentence is an example of direct characterization?

The rowdy child jumped playfully on the couch while his tired mother looked on and sighed.

Read the excerpt from chapter 6 of Animal Farm. Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination, probably traceable in the beginning to lies circulated by Snowball. A few animals still felt faintly doubtful, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, "Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, comrades? Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?" Which statement best explains how the pacing in this passage helps reveal Squealer's character?

The slowing pace shows how Squealer controls the animals with propaganda.

Read the excerpt from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. What does the speaker's use of oxymorons suggest about love? Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate!O anything, of nothing first create!O heavy lightness! serious vanity!Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms!Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!Still-waking sleep, that is not what it isThis love feel I, that feel no love in this.

The speaker is suggesting that love is confusing and encompasses everything all at once.

Read the excerpt from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness! serious vanity! Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is This love feel I, that feel no love in this. What does the speaker's use of oxymorons suggest about love?

The speaker is suggesting that love is confusing and encompasses everything all at once.

In the 1930s, reporters spread out across the American South to capture the voices of history. Some African Americans who had been born as slaves were still alive, and could describe how they had lived sixty years earlier. Through their words we can finally begin to hear about sugar slavery from those who lived it. Ellen Betts, who grew up as a slave on a sugar plantation in Louisiana, recalled that they worked "hour in, hour out, the sugar cane fields sure stretch from one end of the earth to the other." Ceceil George remembered that she "come up in hard times—slavery times." "Every body worked, young, an ole', if yo' could carry two or three sugar cane yo' worked. Sunday, Monday, it all de same . . . it like a heathen part o' de country." She meant that in other states slaves got Sunday off to worship God. Not in Louisiana: There, sugar was god, and work was the only religion. How do the historical details in this passage support the authors' claim?

The text includes parts of primary-source interviews with enslaved people to illustrate the difficulty of life on a sugar plantation in Louisiana.

Read the excerpt from chapter 10 of Animal Farm. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally. How does Orwell use irony in this excerpt?

The text shows that the animals expected a different outcome than the reality they are facing.

How does the word shattered affect the tone of the excerpt?

The word suggests a tragic tone.

Which details from the text best support the author's purpose to inform the reader that the islands are amazing to him? Select three options.

There are plenty of giraffes and wild asses on the islands. The wild boars on the island are as big as buffaloes, with 14 lb tusks. The gryphon birds are monstrous in size.

Read the excerpt from "The Storyteller." "Why weren't there any flowers?" "Because the pigs had eaten them all," said the bachelor promptly. "The gardeners had told the Prince that you couldn't have pigs and flowers, so he decided to have pigs and no flowers." There was a murmur of approval at the excellence of the Prince's decision; so many people would have decided the other way. How does the characterization of the children create satire?

They are pleased to learn that the prince chooses pigs over flowers.

Read the excerpts from Does My Head Look Big in This? and Persepolis. Excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This?: I can't image what my class will say if I walk in with the hijab on. Oh boy, does this give the walking-into-class-naked dream another dimension. Except in my case, I'm not walking in naked. I'm walking in fully covered and yet I'm still breaking out into a sweat. Come to think of it, though, it's not like I'm not used to being the odd one out. I attended a Catholic elementary school because we lived too far away from the Islamic school and my parents didn't have time to travel the distance twice a day. Plus, all that "love thy neighbor," "respect your parents," and "cleanliness is next to godliness" stuff was basically what I would have been taught in Religious Education in an Islamic school anyway. Excerpt from Persepolis: What similarities do the narrators' perspectives most reveal? Select two options.

They both experience alienation in school. They are both unsure about being told what to wear.

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. We received no food. We lived on snow; it took the place of bread. The days resembled the nights, and the nights left in our souls the dregs of their darkness. The train rolled slowly, often halted for a few hours, and continued. It never stopped snowing. We remained lying on the floor for days and nights, one on top of the other, never uttering a word. We were nothing but frozen bodies. Our eyes closed, we merely waited for the next stop, to unload our dead. How do the underlined words and phrases affect the tone of the excerpt? Select two options.

They demonstrate the despair of the situation. They reflect an attitude of being resigned to one's fate.

Read the excerpt from Enrique's Journey. The train passes into northern Chiapas. Enrique sees men with hoes tending their corn and women inside their kitchens patting tortillas into shape. Cowboys ride past and smile. Fieldworkers wave their machetes and cheer the migrants on: "Qué bueno!" Mountains draw closer. Plantain fields soften into cow pastures. Enrique's train slows to a crawl. Monarch butterflies flutter alongside, overtaking his car. How do the underlined phrases support the author's purpose?

They show that the worst part of the train ride may be over.

Read the excerpt from Frederick Douglass's July 4, 1852, speech on the hypocrisy of American slavery. Douglass was an abolitionist and a formerly enslaved person. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. How do the words hideous, revolting, and false most affect the tone and meaning of this passage?

They show the speaker's disgust over slavery.

Which statements describe both graphic novels and comic books? Select three options.

They use panels. They include images and words. They contain gutters.

Read the scenario. The editor-in-chief of a magazine emails this list to her entire staff: Seek the truth without bias. Always fact-check your information. Never compromise your principles. Which statement about this list is most likely true?

This list is a code of ethics, because it is a set of guidelines based on ideals.

Read the excerpt from Mohini's essay about the Grimm brothers. When the Grimm brothers first published their collection of folk tales, they stuck to one rule: they wanted to save stories from the past, which had only been spread by word of mouth. They wanted to use details from the changing lives of the average German family to show how the German culture evolved. They also wanted to show how storytelling makes strong connections in a community and is the sign of a civilized people. Their collection of tales was a gift to the German people. They had no idea that these tales would take on a life of their own, becoming a standard source for folklorists from other nations and ensuring their popularity throughout the world to this day. Which evaluation of her essay is most accurate?

This paragraph supports the main idea by giving reasons for the Grimms' determination to collect oral tales and give them to the German people.

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." Though brusque and raw, the Grimms' tales of the first edition still resonate with us today because they indicate how we can transform ourselves and our conditions to live in a better world. As philologists, collectors, translators, researchers, editors, and mediators, the Grimms worked in the hope that their tales would benefit us in unimaginable ways, and, indeed, it is this hope that can still be felt when we read and listen to their tales. Which statement best explains the structure of this passage?

This passage restates the thesis that the first edition is influential and sums up the supporting evidence.

Read the passage. Size matters when you are hosting a conference. Trenton Place is the largest convention center in the country, boasting 2.6 million square feet of space. Over the course of a year, Trenton Place will host over three million visitors for public exhibitions and trade shows. Trenton Place is also home to Big Sky Theater. The theater is one of the largest theaters in the city, equipped to host concerts, plays, and seminars. What is the best use of ellipses to shorten the passage?

Trenton Place is also home to Big Sky Theater. . . . one of the largest theaters in the city, equipped to host concerts, plays, and seminars.

Which headlines can be considered objective? Select two options.

University Athletic Director Resigns amid Controversy Softball League Umpire Admits Error on Final Play

Study the anti-smoking poster created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Which statement best evaluates the purpose of using a baby in the photograph on the poster?

Using the baby plays into a human instinct to protect young children from harm.

Which statement from a city mayor's speech is an example of hyperbole?

Voting in the municipal election is a matter of life and death.

Read the excerpt from President John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural address. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge—and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. Which statement best summarizes the central idea in this excerpt?

We will do whatever it takes to preserve our freedom, but will get more done working together.

After the thunderstorm, the sky was bright, and the open barrels were brimming with rainwater. What type of phrase is the underlined phrase?

a participial phase

Read the passage. The woman in the last apartment down the hall was somewhat of a misanthrope, according to most people in Keira's building. She almost never came out of her apartment, but when she did, she answered hellos with a glare, as if she were being insulted. Keira was sure that she could find a way to get to know the woman, if only she could figure out how to invite herself into the woman's apartment to chat. Based on inferences, what is the most likely meaning of misanthrope?

a person who hates or mistrusts other people

Which literary elements typically appear in a travelogue? Select three options.

a person's account of his or her experiences descriptions of sights, cultures, climates, and lands drawings, photographs, maps, or memorabilia

Which multimedia element would most appeal to an audience's emotions in a presentation about global warming?

a photo of a dried-up lake and a photo of a family swimming in the lake before it dried up

Which statements use rhetorical devices? Select two options.

Without a solution, we are in trouble. Without a solution, the trouble will be great. We do not need a solution right away, since two days is plenty of time to solve this global issue.

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that virtual reality technology is a useful tool in the study of medicine. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which multimedia aid provides the best support for this claim?

a brief video clip of a medical school professor discussing a specific case of using virtual reality

Read the sentence. The tracking party followed their prey to the river, but there they lost the trail, even though they had several bloodhounds with them. What type of sentence is this?

a compound-complex sentence

Read Gunther's evaluation of an argument. In his editorial "Better Safe Than Sorry?: Revisiting the Debate over Capital Punishment," Nemo Jones effectively lays out his argument that the death penalty should be abolished. In his thorough examination of the evidence, he presents authoritative case studies of people whose innocence was proven too late and of criminals who were undeterred by thoughts of capital punishment. He examines comprehensive statistics regarding these groups and summarizes years of interviews with officials in government, law enforcement, and the penal system. His final paragraphs contain the most emotionally persuasive evidence, as he relates the lasting effects on the children of those who have been put to death. Which element is missing from this evaluation?

a concluding statement

Which elements does strong narrative writing always contain? Check all that apply.

a description of events a clear point of view a connection to an outline

Consider this claim from an editorial. Candidate Wilkins is the best choice for state representative because of her ability to inspire young people to vote. Which examples of evidence would best support this claim? Select three options.

a live television report from a youth fundraiser for Wilkins's campaign a printed transcript of a campaign speech given by Wilkins at a local high school a graph showing an increase in social media posts from young people about Wilkins during the campaign

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. Which best describes the type of appeal used in this part of the speech?

a logical appeal

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation about clothing and waste. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which is the most effective combination of visual aids for this prompt?

a photo of a landfill full of clothing and a graph showing statistics on how much clothing gets thrown away

What elements should be included in a paragraph that evaluates a writer's argument? Select three options.

a summary of the writer's claim an analysis of the writer's concluding statements an analysis of the writer's reasons and evidence

Which paragraphs from the excerpt best support the conclusion that the author's primary purpose is to teach a lesson? Select two options.

a. "All the answers being different, the King agreed with none of them, and gave the reward to none. But still wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided to consult a hermit, widely renowned for his wisdom." d. "The King went up to him and said: 'I have come to you, wise hermit, to ask you to answer three questions: How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? Who are the people I most need, and to whom should I, therefore, pay more attention than to the rest? And, what affairs are the most important, and need my first attention?'"

Which quotation from a Shakespearean sonnet is a couplet?

a. "And yet by heaven, I think my love as rare, / As any she belied with false compare."

Which evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose?

a. "Simple enough; but this trade up and down the Atlantic coast was part of a much larger world system."

What is the best evaluation of Ahmad's reasoning?

a. It is illogical because it relies on faulty reasoning.

Which elements does strong narrative writing always contain? Check all that apply.

a. a connection to an outline c.. a clear point of view. e. a description of events

When participating in a group discussion, a good group member maintains a balance between

a. speaking and listening

Which aspects of Russian history does the passage most reflect? Select three options.

a. the corruption of those in power b. propaganda spread to induce confusion. c. Stalin's attempt to expand industry.

What can a writer describe about two characters to help develop their personalities?

a. their communication

Which keywords would be most effective to find research on the development of potential cures for human aging? Select three options.

aging AND research AND cure old AND age AND research AND remedy aging AND cure AND potential AND research AND humans

Read the passage. (1) Social media is here to stay. (2) No amount of complaining by an older generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. (3) Increasing access to social media for people who are afraid to use it or unwilling to try it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. What fallacy does this argument use?

an ad hominem attack

Read the sentence. Marileta is staying with friends until she finds an apartment. What type of clause do the underlined words form?

an adverbial clause

The term pathos is best defined as

an appeal to emotions.

The seeds for this system were sown in 1823 in the sugar colony of British Guiana—now Guyana—where John Gladstone, father of the future British prime minister William Gladstone, owned over a thousand slaves. John Smith, a young and idealistic English preacher who had recently come to the area, was becoming popular with those slaves. His inspiring sermons retold the story of Moses leading the Jews out of Egypt and to freedom. The sugar workers listened and understood: Smith was speaking not about the Bible, but about the present. That summer, after hearing one of Smith's sermons, over three thousand slaves grabbed their machetes, their long poles, and rose up against their masters. The governor of the colony rushed toward the burning plantations, where he met a group of armed slaves, and asked them what they wanted. "Our rights," came the reply. Here was Haiti—and for that matter America and France—all over again. The slaves insisted they were not property; like the Jews in Egypt, they were God's children, who were owed their basic human rights. The evidence of enslaved people's revolt and fight for freedom is

anecdotal, because it tells a narrative about enslaved people taking action for basic human rights.

To permanently stem this flow of children, we must address the complex root causes of violence in Honduras, as well as the demand for illegal drugs in the United States that is fueling that violence. The purpose of the underlined phrase in the excerpt is to show that the consequences of violence in Honduras and drug demand in the US

are continuous.

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. FLAVIUS. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. I'll about, And drive away the vulgar from the streets: So do you too where you perceive them thick.70 These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men And keep us all in servile fearfulness. [Exeunt] What does the symbol of growing feathers represent in this excerpt?

arrogance

The fisherman's motivation is to

b try to find a way to stay alive.

Which text evidence best supports the authors' claim and purpose that enslaved people were more than mercilessly treated workers?

b. "They were not just labor, not just bodies born to work and die."

Which details do the authors include to support the claim in this passage? Select two options.

b. explanations of how revolutionary ideas spread to Saint Domingue d. examples of revolutionary ideas from other countries

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." To permanently stem this flow of children, we must address the complex root causes of violence in Honduras, as well as the demand for illegal drugs in the United States that is fueling that violence. What device supports the author's purpose, which is to show what has led to the refugee crisis?

b. repetition

Which is the authors' purpose for writing this passage?

b. to inform readers about the cultural and historical significance of honey

What is the cartoonist's purpose in this editorial cartoon?

b. to make a satire about how many reporters cover bad weather

Read the sentence. The shopkeeper smiled at David as if he were just telling a joke, but his disparaging comments made David feel insulted and embarrassed. Based on context clues in the sentence, what is the most likely meaning of disparaging? Select two options.

belittling uncomplimentary

Kealey will participate in a classroom discussion in which students share their results from a week-long chemistry experiment. Which actions can Kealey take to prepare for the discussion? Select three options.

bringing notes about her findings supporting her findings with evidence reading and reviewing classroom materials

What are the most effective techniques to present text in a multimedia presentation? Select three options.

bulleted text headings quotations

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. (1) It's no wonder students' grades drop when they enter high school. (2) They are suffering various effects of sleep deprivation. (3) They cannot focus, they fall asleep in class, and they often forget what they have read or heard. (4) They may even hallucinate. How should sentence 3 be revised to clarify relationships among ideas?

by adding "Specifically" to the beginning of the sentence

How does a writer support a counterclaim after stating it? Select three options.

by restating the original claim by providing reasons by supporting it with evidence

Read the passage. (1) Fights have been a part of hockey for decades, but should they continue to characterize the sport? (2) For my part, I believe that fighting should not be allowed in hockey. (3) Hockey fights lead to injuries for the players, such as pulled muscles and concussions. (4) Hockey fights set a poor example for fans watching, particularly children. (5) Children will look to athletes as role models and mimic their behaviors, leading to violence or injuries. How can the passage best be revised to eliminate logical fallacies and improve clarity? Select three options.

by revising sentence 5 to eliminate the use of slippery slope by adding the transition for example to the beginning of sentence 5 by adding the transition additionally to the beginning of sentence 4

When revising an essay, how can a writer best connect ideas more clearly?

by using transitions to create logical relationships among the claim, reasons, and evidence

How does the cartoonist use an analogy to express his viewpoint in this cartoon?

c. The cartoonist compares the shark's illness to food poisoning to show that pollution affects wildlife.

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. Sugar is a taste we all want, a taste we all crave. People throughout the planet everywhere have been willing to do anything, anything at all, to get that touch of sweetness. We even know exactly how thrilling it was to taste sugar for the first time. When the Lewis and Clark Expedition met up with the Shoshone, who had little previous contact with Old World products, Sacagawea gave a tiny piece of sugar to a chief. He loved it, saying it was "the best thing he had ever tasted." Sugar created a hunger, a need, which swept from one corner of the world to another, bringing the most terrible misery and destruction, but then, too, the most inspiring ideas of liberty. The text structure of this passage is

c. cause and effect.

Read the sentence. The students found the grammatical rules incredibly simple to understand and use. Which word does the underlined phrase modify?

c. rules

Sugar is a taste we all want, a taste we all crave. People throughout the planet everywhere have been willing to do anything, anything at all, to get that touch of sweetness. We even know exactly how thrilling it was to taste sugar for the first time. When the Lewis and Clark Expedition met up with the Shoshone, who had little previous contact with Old World products, Sacagawea gave a tiny piece of sugar to a chief. He loved it, saying it was "the best thing he had ever tasted." Sugar created a hunger, a need, which swept from one corner of the world to another, bringing the most terrible misery and destruction, but then, too, the most inspiring ideas of liberty. The text structure of this passage is

cause and effect.

Read the passage. Andrea is competing with Dominique for the lead role in the school play. Both girls have been making cruel comments about the other to their friends since the casting of the lead role was announced. During the week of tryouts, Andrea and Dominique's rivalry worsens. One day during lunch, Andrea decides to confront Dominique, who is enjoying her spaghetti. An argument quickly breaks out between the two girls. In the blink of an eye, Andrea is draped in spaghetti. What type of conflict do the details in this passage most reveal?

character vs. character

Read the excerpt from Julius Caesar, act 1, scene 2. CASCA. Why, there was a crown offered him: and being offered him, he put it by with the back of his hand, thus; and then the people fell a-shouting.230 BRUTUS. What was the second noise for? CASCA. Why, for that too. CASSIUS. They shouted thrice. What was the last cry for? CASCA. Why, for that too. BRUTUS. Was the crown offered him thrice?235 CASCA. Ay, marry, was't; and he put it by thrice, every time gentler than other; and at every putting by, mine honest neighbours shouted. What kind of conflict does this passage best illustrate?

character vs. society

When analyzing an argument, which elements should you focus on most? Select three options.

claim reasons evidence

An explicit detail is a

clear statement.

Which words share a word root with educate? Select two options.

conduct deduction

The struggle between opposing forces or characters is called

conflict.

What inference can be made about Clover's motivation to tell Boxer to stop working so hard?

d. Clover thinks that if Boxer continues working so hard he will wear himself out and be harmed.

Which statement best compares how the two authors address this topic?

d. Memmott presents facts about the dictatorship objectively, while Alvarez gives details about how it affected people.

What is the best way to revise the paragraph to connect ideas?

d. by combining sentences 4 and 5 with the transition word so

The purpose of using personification in the excerpt is to show how

dangerous it is to jump onto a moving freight car.

Which words share the same word root? Select three options.

demand command mandate

Read the passage from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. Perhaps this gets to the root of the matter, to the most fundamental distinction of all between East and West. The totalitarian world produces backwardness because it does such violence to the spirit, thwarting the human impulse to create, to enjoy, to worship. The totalitarian world finds even symbols of love and of worship an affront. Who is Reagan's intended audience for this part of his speech?

democratic Germans

What are elements of a body paragraph in a comparative essay? Select four options.

details evidence examples a topic sentence

Which pair of words share the same prefix?

disintegrate and disappear

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" by Sojourner Truth. That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman? Which rhetorical techniques does the speaker use in this excerpt? Select three options.

ethos pathos parallelism

Read the excerpt from "Raymond's Run." And on the other side of the fence is Raymond with his arms down to his side and the palms tucked up behind him, running in his very own style, and it's the first time I ever saw that and I almost stop to watch my brother Raymond on his first run. But the white ribbon is bouncing toward me and I tear past it, racing into the distance till my feet with a mind of their own start digging up footfuls of dirt and brake me short. Then all the kids standing on the side pile on me, banging me on the back and slapping my head with their May Day programs, for I have won again and everybody on 151st Street can walk tall for another year. Which text evidence best supports the idea that Squeaky is running for more than just herself?

everybody on 151st Street can walk tall for another year

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." This would allow life-or-death decisions to be made within hours by Homeland Security officials, even though studies have shown that border patrol agents fail to adequately screen Mexican children to see if they are being sexually exploited by traffickers or fear persecution, as the agents are supposed to do. Why would they start asking Central American children key questions needed to prove refugee status? The United States expects other countries to take in hundreds of thousands of refugees on humanitarian grounds. Countries neighboring Syria have absorbed nearly 3 million people. Jordan has accepted in two days what the United States has received in an entire month during the height of this immigration flow—more than 9,000 children in May. The United States should also increase to pre-9/11 levels the number of refugees we accept to 90,000 from the current 70,000 per year and, unlike in recent years, actually admit that many. Which elements of the excerpt indicate that it is an editorial? Select two options.

evidence to support an opinion words with strong connotations

Read the scenario. Joe, a reporter for Main Street News, covered a campaign rally for Jiya Patel, who is running for county commissioner. While at the rally, he interviewed the candidate and some audience members as his research for the article. He then wrote an article describing the rally, the candidate's platform, and the reasons her supporters believe that she is the best person for this job. When he finished, he turned his article in to his editor. As the editor reviews this story, he sees a public report on campaign donations and learns that Joe has made a sizeable contribution to Patel's campaign. What is the most ethical action for the editor to take?

explain to the reporter that the newspaper cannot run the story because of perceived bias based on donations, so the article is being reassigned

The enslaved people on Saint Domingue were not merely fighting against the terrible conditions on the island. They were fighting for principles that they had learned from Europeans and Americans—from people similar to their own slave masters. The trio of great principles behind the French Revolution that began in 1789 consisted of "liberty, equality, fraternity" (brotherhood). As boats arrived in Saint Domingue from France, slaves learned that a revolution was going on in the name of human rights. Already, they'd been given a taste of great change because of a revolution closer to home. In 1779, a regiment of free blacks from Saint Domingue went to America to join in the fight for independence. They brought home with them the idea that "all men are created equal." Two years after the meeting in Alligator Woods, on August 29, 1793, the leading French official on Saint Domingue realized that there was no point in opposing Toussaint and his armies. The slaves had freed themselves. And the following February, Paris agreed. The ideal of brotherhood announced by the revolutionaries of Paris finally included the sugar workers of Saint Domingue. Which details do the authors include to support the claim in this passage? Select two options.

explanations of how revolutionary ideas spread to Saint Domingue examples of revolutionary ideas from other countries

Read the excerpt from Persepolis. Which elements does the author use most to develop the central idea of these panels?

facial expressions and speech balloons

Active listening is not possible while taking notes during a lecture. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

false

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" a speech given by Sojourner Truth, a formerly enslaved person, in 1851. Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them. The tone of this speech most expresses a feeling of

frustration.

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. What type of logical error underlies the argument that African Americans were inferior?

genetic fallacy

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of [Egyptian president Hosni] Mubarak. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. . . . Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. What type of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt?

historical examples of political changes

Read the excerpt from President Ronald Reagan's speech on the night before the 1980 presidential election. I believe we can embark on a new age of reform in this country and an era of national renewal. An era that will reorder the relationship between citizen and government, that will make government again responsive to people, that will revitalize the values of family, work, and neighborhood and that will restore our private and independent social institutions. The tone of this speech could best be described as expressing a feeling of

hope

Study the chart of prefixes. Which prefixes would most likely be used in a word where the definition involved something exaggerated? Select three options.

hyper- mega- ultra-

Where is the best place to find complete information about the sources for a research paper using the MLA citation format?

in the works cited at the end of the paper

How to Build a Fire Pit 1. Create the base. To ensure you get the preferred size, begin by using a tape measure to measure the desired width and then spray paint a circle on the site to use as a guide. Then, dig out the hole, being careful to stay within those lines. Don't skip this step! The end result should be a nice, evenly rounded (not lopsided) base, about 4 inches in depth. Next, dig a hole and fill it with about 50 pounds of River Jacks gravel. After evening out the gravel with a rake, the depth of your stone should be about 2 inches, allowing plenty of material for burying those last smoldering logs. We compact the rock with the back of a shovel to make a nice firm surface. 2. Install the keystones, which are the base stones surrounding the steel liner. These stones form a curved, or arched, configuration, from the ground to the top of the liner. 3. Fill in the gap between the fire ring and the keystones with modified stone. 4. Add the capstones to the top of the keystones, so that they are above the highest point of the steel liner. 5. Surround the pit with an 18-inch circle of River Jacks gravel. Which revisions would make the diagram of the fire pit more effective? Select three options.

including images for each step of the process adding a label to indicate the depth of the fire pit including labels for all materials mentioned

Khaled has found a reliable chart that reports statistics on the increase of drought conditions in the United States. He plans to use this graphic in his presentation on climate change. Which piece of information must be included with the graphic?

its publisher and date of publication

Read the passage from "Cinderella" by the Brothers Grimm. The girl went out to her mother's grave every day and wept, and she remained pious and good. When winter came the snow spread a white cloth over the grave, and when the spring sun had removed it again, the man took himself another wife. This wife brought two daughters into the house with her. They were beautiful, with fair faces, but evil and dark hearts. Times soon grew very bad for the poor stepchild. . . . Now it happened that the king proclaimed a festival that was to last three days. All the beautiful young girls in the land were invited, so that his son could select a bride for himself. When the two stepsisters heard that they too had been invited, they were in high spirits. They called Cinderella, saying, "Comb our hair for us. Brush our shoes and fasten our buckles. We are going to the festival at the king's castle." Cinderella obeyed, but wept, because she too would have liked to go to the dance with them. She begged her stepmother to allow her to go. "You, Cinderella?" she said. "You, all covered with dust and dirt, and you want to go to the festival? You have neither clothes nor shoes, and yet you want to dance!" However, because Cinderella kept asking, the stepmother finally said, "I have scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. If you can pick them out again in two hours, then you may go with us." The stepmother is most likely motivated by

jealousy.

Read the paragraph. Violence in video games is essentially to blame for violence in our society. When children are bombarded with monstrous images, they begin to think that these types of actions are normal or acceptable. Children and teenagers are spending excessive numbers of hours playing video games, and they may begin to use them as a guideline for how to act and behave. Even if they do not perform violent actions, they may become less sensitive to the thoughts and feelings of others because of what they see reflected in these games. Which phrase best explains the kind of words the writer uses to affect the reader?

mainly words with strong negative connotations

Based on the excerpt and the map, what makes the journey to Kain difficult?

mountains and dry conditions

In a group discussion, a successful presenter distinguishes between fact and opinion. Unlike opinions, the facts in a presentation are

objective

Which public-speaking behavior would be most distracting for an audience?

pacing back and forth

Which scenarios are considered ethically acceptable for journalists? Select three options.

paying money to attend a conference about climate change in order to do research for an article ending an investigation because it may lead to violence and disunity in a local community interviewing the CEOs of two insurance companies that are competing against each other

Read the sentence. The English poet and playwright William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in the mid-1500s. Which terms describe the underlined portion of the sentence? Select three options.

phrase restrictive appositive

What is the best definition of the term values?

principles or standards of behavior

Which group is most likely planning to participate in a formal discussion?

public-policy planners meeting to discuss changes to a state-run health program

Read the excerpt from chapter 7 of Night. Pressed tightly against one another, in an effort to resist the cold, our heads empty and heavy, our brains a whirlwind of decaying memories. Our minds numb with indifference. The most likely reason the author uses the word whirlwind in this excerpt is to show

rapid confusion

Read the excerpt from Does My Head Look Big in This? by Randa Abdel-Fattah. I hate the fact that I had to leave Hidaya. But it only goes up to tenth grade because it doesn't have enough funding to offer eleventh and twelfth grades. My best friends, Leila Okulgen and Yasmeen Khan, moved on to a public high school close to Coburg, where they live. I begged my parents to let me go with them but Mom and Dad insisted that I go to a private school. What is the narrator's tone in this passage?

regretful

Read the excerpt from "Children of the Drug Wars." To permanently stem this flow of children, we must address the complex root causes of violence in Honduras, as well as the demand for illegal drugs in the United States that is fueling that violence. What device supports the author's purpose, which is to show what has led to the refugee crisis?

repetition

Read the sentence. The students found the grammatical rules incredibly simple to understand and use. Which word does the underlined phrase modify?

rules

Read the scenario. A journalist researches a possible scheme by a financial services company to steal money from its clients. He has one source, a woman who lost all of the money that she had invested with the company. He also talks to competing firms, who say that the company in question has no ethics. With just this information, the journalist publishes a story accusing the company of stealing clients' money. Which part of the code of ethics set by the Society of Professional Journalists does the journalist most violate?

seeking the truth and reporting news without bias

Read the passage. (1) Wearing school uniforms has a positive impact on students' attitudes toward their education. (2) Both recent studies and interviews with school administrators demonstrate that uniforms have a direct impact on school pride. (3) Some researchers have found that uniforms do not improve attendance or academic achievement. (4) Regardless, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce their stress, two factors that will inevitably make their learning more productive. (5) Eliminating a focus on appearance will help students focus on what truly matters. Which sentence is a counterclaim?

sentence 3

Maddie is writing a rebuttal to the counterclaim that protecting people by refusing certain groups membership on social media sites violates Americans' First Amendment right to free speech. Read her rebuttal. (1) Social media is widely used by people of all ages, including children and adolescents. (2) Children and adolescents are still shaping their understanding of the world, making them vulnerable. (3) Social media provides a platform on which extremist groups can exploit that vulnerability. (4) It is unconscionable to expose young people to potential harm for purely philosophical reasons. Which sentence should Maddie revise to strengthen her rebuttal?

sentence 4 because it is not objective

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. (1) Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. (2) He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. (3) "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (4) "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." (5) Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? (6) The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. (7) The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which sentence states DeLuca's claim?

sentence 6

Read the excerpt from Prime Minister Winston Churchill's "Their Finest Hour" speech, delivered to the United Kingdom's House of Commons in 1940. During the first four years of the last war the Allies experienced nothing but disaster and disappointment. That was our constant fear: one blow after another, terrible losses, frightful dangers. Everything miscarried. And yet at the end of those four years the morale of the Allies was higher than that of the Germans, who had moved from one aggressive triumph to another, and who stood everywhere triumphant invaders of the lands into which they had broken. The rhetorical technique used in this excerpt is

shift

Read the example sentence. Since the taxis and buses were out of service, the tourist town decided to begin using rickshaws, which were inexpensive, relied primarily on physical strength, and led to a new source of employment. Based on the context, what is the meaning of rickshaws?

small vehicles pulled by one person on foot or on a bicycle

If biblio is a word root meaning "book," and phil means "love," what is the best definition of bibliophile in the sentence below? Elena was a bibliophile, so she amassed a library of thousands of books over the course of her life.

someone who adores books

What is the best description of realistic fiction?

stories that are made up but might have happened in real life

According to the dictionary, -ment can refer to an action, a place, or a state resulting from an action. This definition is useful to know because -ment functions as a

suffix

Read this passage from Giovanna's evaluation of an argument claiming that climate change is not affected by human activity. Niemand's article on climate change in the editorial section of today's newspaper offers a weak argument. His reasoning consists of little more than unsubstantiated assertions that climate change is not affected by human activity. In an effective evaluation, which element would follow this statement?

text evidence from Niemand's argument

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question then arises, whether the provisions of the Constitution, in relation to the personal rights and privileges to which the citizen of a State should be entitled, embraced the negro African race, at that time in this country, or who might afterwards be imported, who had then or should afterwards be made free in any State; and to put it in the power of a single State to make him a citizen of the United States, and endue him with the full rights of citizenship in every other State without their consent? Does the Constitution of the United States act upon him whenever he shall be made free under the laws of a State, and raised there to the rank of a citizen, and immediately clothe him with all the privileges of a citizen in every other State, and in its own courts? The court thinks the affirmative of these propositions cannot be maintained. And if it cannot, the plaintiff in error could not be a citizen of the State of Missouri, within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States, and, consequently, was not entitled to sue in its courts. What claim does Justice Taney make in this passage?

that Scott is not a citizen of Missouri

Read the paragraph. Thurgood Marshall was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Howard University, where he studied law. He served for years as influential legal counsel to the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), acting as a CHAMPION OF CIVIL RIGHTS for African Americans. He is famous for winning the 1954 case Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka, in which it was ruled that racial segregation in schools was illegal. Marshall became the first African American to serve as a Supreme Court Justice. His remarkable achievements — as a lawyer, as a Supreme Court justice, and as a human being — were nothing short of extraordinary. What does the author's use of the word champion in the phrase CHAMPION OF CIVIL RIGHTS suggest to the reader?

that the author holds a very high opinion of Thurgood Marshall

Study the editorial cartoon by Signe Wilkinson. Which details best support the purpose of this editorial cartoon? Select three options.

the "will work for air conditioning" sign the rat sweating on the sidewalk the comfortable man in the air-conditioned car

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: As for Trujillo, he stayed in power until 1961, when he was assassinated. Last year, the BBC spoke with one of the army officers who killed the dictator. "The only way to get rid of him was to kill him," Gen. Antonio Imbert told the BBC. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: On May 30, 1961, nine months after our escape from our homeland, the group of plotters with whom my father had been associated assassinated the dictator. Actually, Dominicans do not refer to the death as an assassination but as an ajusticiamiento, a bringing to justice. Finally, after thirty-one years, Trujillo was brought to justice, found guilty, and executed. But the execution was an external event, not necessarily an internal exorcism. All their lives my parents, along with a nation of Dominicans, had learned the habits of repression, censorship, terror. Those habits would not disappear with a few bullets and a national liberation proclamation. They would not disappear on a plane ride north that put hundreds of miles distance between the island and our apartment in New York. The subject of both passages is

the circumstances under which Trujillo died.

Read the passage from Animal Farm. Which statement about the passage best reflects the influence of a totalitarian dictator? Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! The animals were so disturbed that they could hardly sleep in their stalls. Every night, it was said, he came creeping in under cover of darkness and performed all kinds of mischief. He stole the corn, he upset the milk-pails, he broke the eggs, he trampled the seedbeds, he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees. Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up, someone was certain to say that Snowball had come in the night and done it, and when the key of the store-shed was lost, the whole farm was convinced that Snowball had thrown it down the well. Curiously enough, they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal. The cows declared unanimously that Snowball crept into their stalls and milked them in their sleep. The rats, which had been troublesome that winter, were also said to be in league with Snowball.

the continued belief that the key was stolen

Read the excerpt from Animal Farm. Which aspects of Russian history does the passage most reflect? Select three options. That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. On the contrary, it was he who had advocated it in the beginning, and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubator shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleon's papers. The windmill was, in fact, Napoleon's own creation. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleon's cunning. He had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a maneuver to get rid of Snowball, who was a dangerous character and a bad influence. Now that Snowball was out of the way, the plan could go forward without his interference. This, said Squealer, was something called tactics. He repeated a number of times, "Tactics, comrades, tactics!" skipping round and whisking his tail with a merry laugh. The animals were not certain what the word meant, but Squealer spoke so persuasively, and the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly, that they accepted his explanation without further questions.

the corruption of those in power propaganda spread to induce confusion Stalin's attempt to expand industry

Study the editorial cartoon by Ann Telnaes. Which element contributes most to the effectiveness of this cartoon?

the cow holding the sign

After the high point of a story, what includes the resolution of the conflict?

the falling action

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Brown v. Board of Education, written by Justice Warren. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. . . . To separate them from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . . Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority. Any language in Plessy v. Ferguson contrary to this finding is rejected. What reason does Warren give for believing that "separate but equal" does not give minority children equal educational opportunities?

the findings that a sense of inferiority affects the motivation to learn

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney. The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them. What fallacy can you identify and discredit to develop a counterclaim to this claim?

the idea that African American people are inferior based on perceptions from an earlier time

Study the editorial cartoon Participation in Youth Sports Down by Dan Landgren Jr. What evidence supports the cartoonist's perspective about declining participation in little league? Select two options.

the title of the cartoon at the top the response of the boy on the right

Read the excerpt from "The Royal House of Thebes." Some hours later, Creon in the palace was startled by a shout, "Against your orders Polyneices has been buried." He hurried out to be confronted with the guards he had set on the dead body and with Antigone. "This girl buried him," they cried. "We saw her. A thick dust-storm gave her her chance. When it cleared, the body had been buried and the girl was making an offering to the dead." "You knew my edict?" Creon asked. "Yes," Antigone replied. "And you transgressed the law?" "Your law, but not the law of Justice who dwells with the gods," Antigone said. "The unwritten laws of heaven are not of today nor yesterday, but from all time." Which archetypes best describe Antigone? Select two options.

the tragic heroine the rebel

Study the cartoon Modern Window Shopping by Nate Beeler. Which ideas do the people in the cartoon represent? Select two options.

the use of the Internet for everything the shift of retail from storefronts to devices

What is the best definition of the term "characterization"?

the way an author presents a character to readers

Study the editorial cartoon Join, or Die, created by Benjamin Franklin in 1754. What does the symbol of the divided snake most likely represent?

the weakness of American colonies when they operate separately

What can a writer describe about two characters to help develop their personalities?

their communication

These three had elaborated old Major's teachings into a complete system of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism. Several nights a week, after Mr. Jones was asleep, they held secret meetings in the barn and expounded the principles of Animalism to the others. At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as "Master," or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death." Others asked such questions as "Why should we care what happens after we are dead?" or "If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?", and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie, the white mare. The very first question she asked Snowball was: "Will there still be sugar after the Rebellion?" Which details or events relating to the Russian Revolution does this passage most highlight? Select three options.

those who preferred life under the tsar plans to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II the development of communism

What is the purpose of presenting a false dilemma in a speech?

to convince the audience that there are limited options

What purposes does the author's use of setting support? Select two options.

to describe the difficulties that Enrique will encounter in Chiapas to tell readers that Enrique is determined to find his mother

Read the excerpt from chapter 2 of Night. Lying down was not an option, nor could we all sit down. We decided to take turns sitting. There was little air. The lucky ones found themselves near a window; they could watch the blooming countryside flit by. After two days of travel, thirst became intolerable, as did the heat. What is the purpose of this passage?

to establish the setting as a moving train

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved. Once inside Clinton Hall, the writer found a different climate. At the end of a swarming corridor a fortification had been set up, made of desks and tables; this was the League's information bureau, where scores of confused, excited workers waited to register for the union. Heavily bearded old men pushed through the crowd selling apples and pretzels from baskets. Which best states the author's purpose for describing the inside of Clinton Hall in the text?

to help the reader imagine what the hall looked, felt, and smelled like

What is the main reason a speaker might use exclusive language?

to highlight differences between opposing sides

Read the corporate document. All employees of Cozy Clothes Ltd. are entitled to a 40 percent discount on regularly priced merchandise and a 20 percent discount on sale-priced merchandise. To apply this discount to an employee purchase, please follow this procedure: 1. Enter the purchaser's employee ID number into the cash register when prompted. 2. Apply the appropriate discount. 3. Apply sales tax. 4. Print an additional copy of the sales receipt. Initial both copies. 5. Add the additional copy to the register drawer to be included with the nightly closeout report. What is the purpose of the numbering in this document?

to indicate steps in a process

What are the main purposes of a travelogue? Select three options.

to inform readers about a place, landscape, or culture to persuade readers to visit a certain location to entertain readers with stories of a journey

What is the author's purpose for writing this text?

to inform readers about how ships are built

In the Age of Honey, people tasted the neighborhood where they lived. From a light orange-blossom flavor that is almost a perfume to dark buckwheat with a hint of soil and grain, honey tastes like local flowers. And that was only part of its appeal. Bees work very hard, and it is easy to see that a queen bee is surrounded by worker bees that protect and serve her. To the ancients, a beehive was perfect, for it brought a gift of sweetness to people while being a mirror of their lives—a king or queen served by loyal subjects. Which is the authors' purpose for writing this passage?

to inform readers about the cultural and historical significance of honey

Read the excerpt from "How the Grimm Brothers Saved the Fairy Tale." This first edition is wholly unlike the so-called definitive edition of 1857. In the process of publishing seven different editions over forty years, the Grimms made vast changes in the contents and style. The stories in the first edition are closer to the oral tradition than the tales of the final, which can be regarded more as a literary collection, because Wilhelm, the younger brother, continually honed the tales so that they would resonate with a growing literary public. Their books would become second in popularity only to the Bible in German-speaking lands. By the twentieth century, they would become the most famous collection of folk and fairy tales in the western world. What is the author's purpose in writing this paragraph?

to inform the reader of the reasons for the differences between editions

Read the passage from Sugar Changed the World. The diamond and the house: two family treasures, two parts of the story of sugar. We realized that our two family stories—Marina's great-grandparents, brought to Guyana to replace slaves, and Marc's aunt's grandfather, helping to refine an alternative to that same sugar—were just the beginning of a much larger story about a remarkable substance. It is a story of the movement of millions of people, of fortunes made and lost, of brutality and delight—all because of tiny crystals stirred into our coffee, twirled on top of a cake. Sugar, we began to see, changed the world. What is the purpose of this passage?

to link the authors' families to sugar

Read the example sentence and study the chart of word parts. Javed constantly tries to aggrandize his family, always depicting them as heroes. What is the definition of aggrandize?

to make appear larger in status

What is the author's main purpose for writing the memoir Night?

to make people aware of the horrors of the Holocaust

Read the sentences. I absolutely DETEST when people interrupt others who are speaking. It shows a lack of good manners and consideration for the thoughts and words of others. Many people need to listen more and talk less. Why did the author most likely choose to use the word detest as opposed to the word "dislike"?

to more strongly convey his feelings about those who interrupt

Read the passage from Animal Farm. What is Orwell's main purpose in this passage? Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide. Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food situation were known, and he decided to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression. Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits: now, however, a few selected animals, mostly sheep, were instructed to remark casually in his hearing that rations had been increased. In addition, Napoleon ordered the almost empty bins in the store-shed to be filled nearly to the brim with sand, which was then covered up with what remained of the grain and meal. On some suitable pretext Whymper was led through the store-shed and allowed to catch a glimpse of the bins. He was deceived, and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm.

to reveal that dictators manipulate others and use deception to further their ambitions

Based on the details in this excerpt, what is the author's primary purpose?

to show that cruel behavior is not limited to only one situation

Read the excerpt from chapter 10 of Animal Farm. How does Orwell use satire in this excerpt? But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream, the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water, and the three-day week, were no longer talked about. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. The truest happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally.

to show that the changes made are the opposite of what was promised

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved. Many of the workers were still penniless from the dull summer season, and had never bought warm clothes. They wore short little jackets or sweaters, their best shirtwaists, and their largest hats, those with the most elaborate decorations. They thought of themselves as representing their union to the rest of the world, therefore a good appearance was important. So they marched in twos and threes, shivering, and holding their signs aloft. Which best states the author's purpose for including information about the appearance of the striking workers in the text?

to show the pride the workers had in their union

What is the function of a claim in an argument?

to state the writer's opinion

What are the most effective ways to format a visual aid? Select two options.

using a legible font in a color that is easy to read providing a clear, concise caption for a photo

Read the excerpt from "The Role of Social Media in the Arab Uprisings" by Heather Brown, Emily Guskin, and Amy Mitchell. In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. "New [or social] media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." Data from the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt's political situation. These findings point to social media's important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. What types of evidence do the authors use in this excerpt? Select two options.

verifiable facts that explain why social media's impact was so broad during the uprisings statistics that describe Egyptians' use of the internet and social media during the uprisings

Read the document and review the chart. Making homemade syrups and candies takes practice. A good candymaker perfects products over time through a process of trial and error, carefully documenting steps and ingredients for later reference. Fortunately, the centuries-long history of candy-making has resulted in the discovery of some absolute and irrefutable truths about how sugar and chocolate behave. We know, for instance, that to achieve the most desirable consistency, a syrup should be heated to 230 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature at which it will form a soft thread. On the other hand, a caramel, to form a firm and toothsome ball, must be heated 18 degrees higher. To avoid reinventing the wheel, refer to the following table: When might a person who is new to candy-making find this document particularly helpful?

when explaining the difference between a syrup and a sugar glaze

What is the best definition of satire?

writing that uses ridicule to draw attention to an issue or make a point