Cybersecurity Essentials Final

Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied. (Choose three.)

CHAP PKI IPsec

A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded?

Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded

A user has completed a six month project to identify all data locations and catalog the location. The next step is to classify the data and produce some criteria on data sensitivity. Which two steps can the user take to classify the data? (Choose two.)

Establish the owner of the data Identify the sensitivity of the data

What are the three states of data? (Choose three.)

In process In transit At rest

Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms? (Choose three.)

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) Secure Shell (SSH)

For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity? (Choose three.)

Something you are something you know something you have

Which two methods help to ensure data integrity? (Choose two.)

data consistency checks hashing

What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?

sneaker net

What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature?

Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document.

Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key?

Diffie-Hellman

A user needs to add redundancy to the routers in a company. What are the three options the user can use? (Choose three.)

HSRP GLBP VRRP

What is a strength of using a hashing function?

It is a one-way function and not reversible.

A user is running a routine audit of the server hardware in the company data center. Several servers are using single drives to host operating systems and multiple types of attached storage solutions for storing data. The user wants to offer a better solution to provide fault tolerance during a drive failure. Which solution is best?

RAID

What does the term BYOD represent?

bring your own device

What are three types of sensitive information? (Choose three.)

business classfied PII

What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication?

backdoor

Which type of cipher is able to encrypt a fixed-length block of plaintext into a 128-bit block of ciphertext at any one time?

block

An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this?

bluesnarfing

What two methods help to ensure system availability? (Choose two.)

up to date operating systems equipment maintenance

What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates?

x.509

What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?

Cross-site scripting

What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?

DDoS

What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user?

SQL injection

An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?

The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.

What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause?

hacktivist

What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting? (Choose three.)

reverse lookup tables lookup tables rainbow tables

A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC?

secret key and message digest

A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack?

digital signature

What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube?

goals

What name is given to a amateur hacker?

script kiddie

What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file?

steganography

What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time?

stream

What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data?

symmetric

What is the purpose of CSPRNG?

to generate salt

The CEO of a company is concerned that if a data breach should occur and customer data is exposed, the company could be sued. The CEO makes the decision to buy insurance for the company. What type of risk mitigation is the CEO implementing?

transference

What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?

transposition

What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes?

confidentiality

What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain? (Choose three.)

confidentiality integrity availability

What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes?

cryptology

What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy? (Choose three.)

define legal consequences of violations gives security staff the backing of management sets rules for expected behavior

A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented?

deterrent

A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table ​must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing?

entity integrity

What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target? (Choose two.)

intimidation urgency

Which three processes are examples of logical access controls? (Choose three.)

intrusion detection system (IDS) to watch for suspicious network activity biometrics to validate physical characteristics firewalls to monitor traffic

A user is redesigning a network for a small company and wants to ensure security at a reasonable price. The user deploys a new application-aware firewall with intrusion detection capabilities on the ISP connection. The user installs a second firewall to separate the company network from the public network. Additionally, the user installs an IPS on the internal network of the company. What approach is the user implementing?

layered

What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version?

masking

Pick three types of records that cyber criminals would be interested in stealing from organizations. (Choose three.)

medical education employment

What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?

phishing

A security breach has happened at a major corporation. The incident team has responded and executed their incident response plan. During which phase are lessons learned applied?

post-incident

A user is asked to evaluate the security posture of a company. The user looks at past attempts to break into the company and evaluates the threats and exposures to create a report. Which type of risk analysis could the user perform?

qualitative

A user is asked to perform a risk analysis of a company. The user asks for the company asset database that contains a list of all equipment.The user uses this information as part of a risk analysis. Which type of risk analysis could be performed?

quantitative

What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule? (Choose three.)

range size format

A user is evaluating the network infrastructure of a company. The user noted many redundant systems and devices in place, but no overall evaluation of the network. In a report, the user emphasized the methods and configurations needed as a whole to make the network fault tolerant. What is the type of design the user is stressing?

resilient

Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same?

salting

Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website?

smishing

What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?

spear phishing

A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software?

spyware

Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification?

watermarking

A user was hired as the new security officer. One of the first projects was to take inventory of the company assets and create a comprehensive database. Which three pieces of information would the user want to capture in an asset database? (Choose three.

workstations operating systems hardware network devices

Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys? (Choose two.)

key space key length

What is an example of an Internet data domain?

linkedin

Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls? (Choose three.)

locks swipe cards video cameras

What does a rootkit modify?

operating system

What are three examples of administrative access controls? (Choose three.)

policies and procedures background checks hiring practices

A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website?

poor input validation

A team has been asked to create an incident response plan for security incidents. In what phase of an incident response plan does the team get management approval of the plan?

preparation

What three design principles help to ensure high availability? (Choose three.)

provide for reliable crossover eliminate single points of failure detect failures as they occur

What are two common hash functions? (Choose two.)

sha md5

A user is asked to evaluate the data center to improve availability for customers. The user notices that there is only one ISP connection, some of the equipment is out of warranty, there are no spare parts, and no one was monitoring the UPS which was tripped twice in one month. Which three deficiencies in high availability has the user identified? (Choose three.

single points of failure failure to detect errors as they occur failure to design for reliability

What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?

VPN

A user is purchasing a new server for the company data center. The user wants disk striping with parity on three disks. Which RAID level should the user implement?

5

A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person?

A digital signature

A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting? (Choose three.

A salt should not be reused. A salt must be unique. A salt should be unique for each password

Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?

AES

What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform?

Authorization

Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found?

Brute Force

Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol? (Choose two.)

The default settings cannot be modified WEP uses the same encryption features as Bluetooth

What are two common indicators of spam mail? (Choose two.)

The email has misspelled words or punctuation errors or both The email has no subject line

What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange?

ECC

What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms? (Choose three.)

ECDSA RSA DSA

A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use?

HMAC

What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?

Modification

What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?

NAS

What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data?

Privacy

A user was hired by a company to provide a highly available network infrastructure. The user wants to build redundancy into the network in case of a switch failure, but wants to prevent Layer 2 looping. What would the user implement in the network?

Spanning tree protocol

A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction?

The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear.

What are two ways to protect a computer from malware? (Choose two.)

Use antivirus software Keep software up to date

What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?

Version control

A user is asked to create a disaster recovery plan for a company. The user needs to have a few questions answered by management to proceed. Which three questions should the user ask management as part of the process of creating the plan? (Choose three.)

Where does the individual perform the process? Who is responsible for the process What is the process?

What is the difference between a virus and a worm?

Worms require a host file but viruses do not.

What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer?

a buffer overflow

What is the meaning of the term logic bomb?

a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code

A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this?

a type of ransomware

What does the term vulnerability mean?

a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack

What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups?

adware

What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?

algorithm

What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?

asymmetric

What are three access control security services? (Choose three.)

authentication accounting authorization

What are two methods that ensure confidentiality? (Choose two.)

authentication encryption