Database Management Midterm - Chapters 1-3

_____ are normally expressed in the form of rules. A. Constraints B. Entities C. Relationships D. Attributes

A. Constraints

_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database. A. DBMSs B. Metadata C. End-user data D. Programming languages

A. DBMSs

_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions. A. Data integrity B. Data anomaly C. Data ubiquity D. Data quality

A. Data integrity

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the hierarchical data model? A. It does not have standards. B. It is not efficient with 1:M relationships. C. It does not promote data sharing. D. It does not promote data integrity.

A. It does not have standards.

_____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information. A. Structured data B. Raw data C. Unstructured data D. Obsolete data

A. Structured data

Which of the following is true of NoSQL databases? A. They are not based on the relational model. B. They do not support distributed database architectures. C. They are geared toward transaction consistency rather than performance. D. They do not support very large amounts of sparse data.

A. They are not based on the relational model.

VMS/VSAM is an example of the _____. A. file system data model B. hierarchical model C. XML data model D. relational data model

A. file system data model

In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. A. keys B. indexes C. logical structures D. relations

A. keys

A(n) _____ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attribute(s). A. natural B. attribute C. unique D. foreign

A. natural

A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____. A. operational databases B. desktop database C. enterprise databases D. workgroup databases

A. operational databases

To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN. A. INTERSECT B. SELECT C. DIFFERENCE D. UNION

B. SELECT

A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning. A. database B. field C. record D. file

B. field

One of the limitations of the _____ model is that there is a lack of standards. A. entity relationship B. hierarchical C. relational D. network

B. hierarchical

Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____. A. structured B. semi structured C. unstructured D. historical

B. semi structured

The relational data model was developed in the _____. A. 1990s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1980

C. 1970s

The _____ relationship should be rare in any relational database design. A. M:N B. M:1 C. 1:1 D. 1:M

C. 1:1

_____ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities. A. 1:N B. M:1 C. M:N D. 1:1

C. M:N

_____, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition. A. INTERSECT B. UNION C. SELECT D. DIFFERENCE

C. SELECT

In the _____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent. A. hierarchical B. entity relationship C. network D. object-oriented

C. network

The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance. A. relational B. entity relationship C. object-oriented D. network

C. object-oriented

The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________ A. ad hoc query B. ad hoc response C. query result set D. integrated view of the data

C. query result set

A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. A. database B. column C. record D. file

C. record

The object-oriented data model was developed in the _____. A. 1960s B. 1990s C. 1970s D. 1980s

D. 1980s

Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren't updated consistently? A. Data query B. Data integrity C. Data dictionary D. Data redundancy

D. Data redundancy

A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program. A. query B. operating system C. database management system D. application

D. application

A(n) _____ is a restriction placed on the data. A. relationship B. entity C. attribute D. constraint

D. constraint

In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent. A. relational B. network C. entity relationship D. hierarchical

D. hierarchical

In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree. A. entity relationship B. network C. relational D. hierarchical

D. hierarchical

A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined. A. outer join B. equijoin C. theta join D. inner join

D. inner join

The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model. A. network B. entity relationship C. relational D. object-oriented

D. object-oriented

An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data. A. structured B. multi structured C. fully structured D. semi structured

D. semi structured

The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents. A. systematic database B. unique index C. database tuple D. system catalog

D. system catalog

Character data can contain any character or symbol intended for mathematical manipulation.

False

Corporations use only structured data.

False

One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.

False

The _____ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for that column. A. NOT NULL B. UNIQUE C. EMPTY D. VALUE

A. NOT NULL

Which of the following types of HDFS nodes stores all the metadata about a file system? A. Name node B. Client node C. Map node D. Data node

A. Name node

NoSQL databases: A. provide fault tolerance. B. support only small amounts of sparse data. C. are geared toward transaction consistency; not performance. D. are based on the relational model.

A. provide fault tolerance.

The _____ relationship is the "relational model ideal." A. M:N B. 1:M C. M:1 D. 1:1

B. 1:M

End-user data is _____. A. knowledge about the end users B. raw facts of interest to the end user C. information about a specific subject D. accurate, relevant and timely information

B. raw facts of interest to the end user

A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization. A. desktop B. workgroup C. enterprise D. transactional

B. workgroup

The hierarchical data model was developed in the _____. A. 1980s B. 1990s C. 1960s D. 1970s

C. 1960s

_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected. A. Structured B. Semi structured C. Unstructured D. Historical

C. Unstructured

Data anomaly is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

False

Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.

False

One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is that the database system is considerably less complex.

False

Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

False

The one-to-many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational model by putting the foreign key of the "1" side in the table of the "many" side as a primary key.

False

Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.

True

Depending on the sophistication of the application development software, nulls can create problems when functions such as COUNT, AVERAGE, and SUM are used.

True

Each table in a relational database must have a primary key.

True

Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database.

True

Relational algebra defines the theoretical way of manipulating table contents using relational operators.

True

The DIFFERENCE operator subtracts one table from the other.

True

The DIVIDE operation uses one single-column table (e.g., column "a") as the divisor and one two-column table (e.g., columns "a" and "b") as the dividend.

True

A _____ is a collection of related records. A. schema B. field C. column D. file

D. file

Which of the following types of HDFS nodes acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS? A. Client node B. Data node C. Map node D. Name node

A. Client node

_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed. A. Performance tuning B. Database design C. Query access D. Database management

A. Performance tuning

Another name for a composite entity is a(n) _____ entity. A. bridge B. associative C. linked D. directive

A. bridge

From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined _____. A. business rules B. business norms C. business plans D. business goals

A. business rules

A _____ key can be described as a minimal super key, a super key without any unnecessary attributes. A. candidate B. primary C. foreign D. secondary

A. candidate

The CUSTOMER table's primary key is CUS_CODE. The CUSTOMER primary key column has no null entries, and all entries are unique. This is an example of _____ integrity. A. entity B. relational C. referential D. null

A. entity

The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text. A. entity relationship B. object-oriented C. hierarchical D. network

A. entity relationship

MySQL is an example of the _____. A. relational model B. file system data model C. hierarchical model D. XML data model

A. relational model

A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. A. relationship B. constraint C. entity D. attribute

A. relationship

A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes. A. secondary B. foreign C. candidate D. lookup

A. secondary

A desktop database is a _____ database. A. single-user B. multiuser C. workgroup D. distributed

A. single-user

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____. A. single file B. collection of files C. set of key/value pairs D. collection of queries

B. collection of files

A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. A. extensible markup language (XML) B. data definition language (DDL) C. query language D. unified modeling language (UML)

B. data definition language (DDL)

When two or more tables share the same number of columns, and when their corresponding columns share the same or compatible domains, they are said to be _____. A. intersect-compatible B. union-compatible C. difference-compatible D. select-compatible

B. union-compatible

_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject. A. Validation B. A format C. Knowledge D. A database

C. Knowledge

Oracle 11g is an example of the _____. A. relational data model B. file system data model C. XML/ Hybrid data model D. hierarchical model

C. XML/ Hybrid data model

A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. A. constraint B. entity C. attribute D. relationship

C. attribute

Each table _____ represents an attribute. A. row B. value C. column D. dimension

C. column

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. A. relationship B. attribute C. entity D. constraint

C. entity

A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. A. constraint B. attribute C. entity D. relationship

C. entity

The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types. A. network B. object-oriented C. entity relationship D. relational

C. entity relationship

An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database. A. tuple B. object C. schema D. value

C. schema

In a database context, a(n) _____ indicates the use of different names to describe the same attribute. A. duplicate B. entity C. synonym D. homonym

C. synonym

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared. A. composite B. key C. unique D. primary

C. unique

_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts. A. End-user data B. An encoded sample C. An encrypted bit D. Information

D. Information

_____ returns only the attributes requested, in the order in which they are requested. A. SELECT B. UNION C. DIFFERENCE D. PROJECT

D. PROJECT

A(n) _______ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. A. extensible markup language (XML) B. unified modeling language (UML) C. query language D. data definition language (DDL)

D. data definition language (DDL)

A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system. A. relational schema B. database C. logical schema D. data dictionary

D. data dictionary

The _____ model is the end users' view of the data environment. A. abstract B. conceptual C. internal D. external

D. external

Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null. A. uniqueness B. attribute C. model D. integrity

D. integrity

The idea of determination is unique to the database environment.

False

When data are entered into a form and saved, they are placed in the underlying database as knowledge.

False

A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.

True

If the attribute (B) is functionally dependent on a composite key (A) but not on any subset of that composite key, the attribute (B) is fully functionally dependent on (A).

True