PSY 222 Summer Exam 2
infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair ___. a. before they begin school b. if it does not fix itself c. as early as possible d. when they are old enough to recover from surgery
as early as possible
according to the frequency theory, the ___. a. basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates whenever that frequency is present b. tectorial membrane vibrates in synchrony with the auditory nerve c. auditory nerve is responsible for the perception of sound but not loudness d. basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
the name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ___. a. fovea b. ganglion c. blind spot d. optic chiasm
blind spot
the supplementary motor cortex becomes active ___. a. during the second or two prior to a movement b. during the second or two after a movement c. only during a movement d. only after a movement
during the second or two prior to a movement
genetic factors have their greater impact on parkinson's disease in cases that involve __. a. first-born children b. late onset of the disease c. children with older brother and sisters d. early onset of the disease
early onset of the disease
which muscles are especially important when running up a flight of stairs at full speed? a. fast-twitch muscles b. smooth muscles c. slow-twitch muscles d. intermediate muscles
fast-twitch muscles
purjinke cells are __. a. proprioceptors b. nuclei in the central cerebellum c. flat cells in sequential planes d. axons parallel to one another
flat cells in sequential planes
perception of a low tone is to __ as perception of a high tone is to __. a. frequency theory place theory b. place theory; volley principle c. volley principle; frequency theory d. gate theory; frequency theory
frequency theory place theory
___ cells axons make up the optic nerve. a. horizontal b. amacrine c. ganglion d. bipolar
ganglion
how many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have? a. twenty b. hundreds c. two or three d. seven
hundreds
once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ___. a. movement b. details of shape c. integrating vision with action d. color and brightness
integrating vision with action
what is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception? a. it requires the cochlea to vibrate, and it does not b. it cannot account for the perception of low amplitude sounds c. it requires that neurons respond as quickly that they are able to do d. it cannot account for perception of low pitch sounds
it requires that neurons respond as quickly that they are able to do
one difference between labeled-line coding and across-fiber pattern coding is that labeled-line is a. more complicated b. slower c. less versatile d. only found in vertebrates
less versatile
the receptors for taste are __. a. covered in myelin b. modified skin cells c. true neurons d. modified blood cells
modified skin cells
the vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a set of receptors located ____. a. behind the cerebral ventricles b. in the inner ear c. near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors d. in the throat
near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors
the part of the cortex that responds mostly to the sensory signals that lead to a movement is the __. a. table dorsalis b. premotor cortex c. supplementary motor cortex d. prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex
color constancy is the ability to ___. a. see color, even in very faint light b. perceive all wavelengths as the same color c. differentiate among many colors and hues d. recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting
recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting
according to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ___. a. velocity of the action potential b. relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths c. difference between cone and rod activity d. absolute activity of a single cone
relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths
Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____. a. contrasting imagery b. retinal disparity c. strabismus d. amblyopia
retinal disparity
what neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain? a. dopamine b. encephalin c. serotonin d. substance P
serotonin
a muscle spindle responds to the ___. a. oxygen level in the muscle b. acetylcholine concentration at the nerve-muscle junction c. stretch of the muscle d. fatigue of the muscle
stretch of the muscle
what type of muscle is responsible for the movement of your body through the environment? a. striated b. cardiac c. syncarpous d. smooth
striated
cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and ___ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex. a. secondary motor cortex b. supplementary motor cortex c. posterior parietal cortex d. somatosensory cortex
supplementary motor cortex
just thinking about the intention to put your arm around your attractive date would activate which motor areas? a. premotor cortex b. supplementary motor cortex c. primary motor cortex d. posterior parietal lobe
supplementary motor cortex
damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ___. a. the ability to describe the shape or size of an object b. walking toward something seen c. reaching to grasp an object d. perceiving whether the lights are on or off
the ability to describe the shape or size of an object
when mechanical pressure bends the membrane of a pacinian corpuscle, ___. a. the membrane becomes hyperpolarized b. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases c. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions increases d. there is a sustained, long-term response to this pressure
the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases
the primary visual cortex sends its information ____. a. to the lateral geniculate nucleus b. back to the retina c. to area V2 d. to area V1
to area V2
mirror neurons are active when __. a. watching others perform movements b. playing the piano c. identifying ourselves in the mirror d. viewing mirror images
watching others perform movements
the current view of how we perceive high frequencies is base on ____. a. where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly b. the frequency of responses by each auditory neuron c. the ratio of firing among three types of receptors d. volleys of responses by many auditory neurons
where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly
what is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "Simple" or "complex"? a. whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus b. the shape of its receptive field c. whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location d. whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location