PSY 222 Summer Exam 2

infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair ___. a. before they begin school b. if it does not fix itself c. as early as possible d. when they are old enough to recover from surgery

as early as possible

according to the frequency theory, the ___. a. basilar membrane is tuned to a specific frequency and vibrates whenever that frequency is present b. tectorial membrane vibrates in synchrony with the auditory nerve c. auditory nerve is responsible for the perception of sound but not loudness d. basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

the name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ___. a. fovea b. ganglion c. blind spot d. optic chiasm

blind spot

the supplementary motor cortex becomes active ___. a. during the second or two prior to a movement b. during the second or two after a movement c. only during a movement d. only after a movement

during the second or two prior to a movement

genetic factors have their greater impact on parkinson's disease in cases that involve __. a. first-born children b. late onset of the disease c. children with older brother and sisters d. early onset of the disease

early onset of the disease

which muscles are especially important when running up a flight of stairs at full speed? a. fast-twitch muscles b. smooth muscles c. slow-twitch muscles d. intermediate muscles

fast-twitch muscles

purjinke cells are __. a. proprioceptors b. nuclei in the central cerebellum c. flat cells in sequential planes d. axons parallel to one another

flat cells in sequential planes

perception of a low tone is to __ as perception of a high tone is to __. a. frequency theory place theory b. place theory; volley principle c. volley principle; frequency theory d. gate theory; frequency theory

frequency theory place theory

___ cells axons make up the optic nerve. a. horizontal b. amacrine c. ganglion d. bipolar

ganglion

how many kinds of olfactory receptors do we have? a. twenty b. hundreds c. two or three d. seven

hundreds

once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ___. a. movement b. details of shape c. integrating vision with action d. color and brightness

integrating vision with action

what is the major problem for the frequency theory of sound perception? a. it requires the cochlea to vibrate, and it does not b. it cannot account for the perception of low amplitude sounds c. it requires that neurons respond as quickly that they are able to do d. it cannot account for perception of low pitch sounds

it requires that neurons respond as quickly that they are able to do

one difference between labeled-line coding and across-fiber pattern coding is that labeled-line is a. more complicated b. slower c. less versatile d. only found in vertebrates

less versatile

the receptors for taste are __. a. covered in myelin b. modified skin cells c. true neurons d. modified blood cells

modified skin cells

the vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a set of receptors located ____. a. behind the cerebral ventricles b. in the inner ear c. near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors d. in the throat

near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors

the part of the cortex that responds mostly to the sensory signals that lead to a movement is the __. a. table dorsalis b. premotor cortex c. supplementary motor cortex d. prefrontal cortex

prefrontal cortex

color constancy is the ability to ___. a. see color, even in very faint light b. perceive all wavelengths as the same color c. differentiate among many colors and hues d. recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

according to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ___. a. velocity of the action potential b. relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths c. difference between cone and rod activity d. absolute activity of a single cone

relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____. a. contrasting imagery b. retinal disparity c. strabismus d. amblyopia

retinal disparity

what neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain? a. dopamine b. encephalin c. serotonin d. substance P

serotonin

a muscle spindle responds to the ___. a. oxygen level in the muscle b. acetylcholine concentration at the nerve-muscle junction c. stretch of the muscle d. fatigue of the muscle

stretch of the muscle

what type of muscle is responsible for the movement of your body through the environment? a. striated b. cardiac c. syncarpous d. smooth

striated

cells in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, and ___ prepare for a movement, sending messages to the primary motor cortex. a. secondary motor cortex b. supplementary motor cortex c. posterior parietal cortex d. somatosensory cortex

supplementary motor cortex

just thinking about the intention to put your arm around your attractive date would activate which motor areas? a. premotor cortex b. supplementary motor cortex c. primary motor cortex d. posterior parietal lobe

supplementary motor cortex

damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ___. a. the ability to describe the shape or size of an object b. walking toward something seen c. reaching to grasp an object d. perceiving whether the lights are on or off

the ability to describe the shape or size of an object

when mechanical pressure bends the membrane of a pacinian corpuscle, ___. a. the membrane becomes hyperpolarized b. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases c. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions increases d. there is a sustained, long-term response to this pressure

the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases

the primary visual cortex sends its information ____. a. to the lateral geniculate nucleus b. back to the retina c. to area V2 d. to area V1

to area V2

mirror neurons are active when __. a. watching others perform movements b. playing the piano c. identifying ourselves in the mirror d. viewing mirror images

watching others perform movements

the current view of how we perceive high frequencies is base on ____. a. where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly b. the frequency of responses by each auditory neuron c. the ratio of firing among three types of receptors d. volleys of responses by many auditory neurons

where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly

what is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "Simple" or "complex"? a. whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus b. the shape of its receptive field c. whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location d. whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular

whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location