Database Systems
False
(T/F) A row-level trigger is assumed if we omit the FOR EACH ROW keywords and a statement-level trigger required the use of the FOR EACH ROW keyword.
False
(T/F) A system maintenance activity generated in response to changes in the business environment is referred to as corrective maintenance.
True
(T/F) A view is a virtual table based on a SELECT query.
True
(T/F) After the initial declarations in Database Life Cycle (DBLC), the database designer must carefully probe in order to generate additional information that will help define the problem within the larger framework of company operations.
True
(T/F) All relational tables satisfy the 1NF requirements.
False
(T/F) Data stored at their highest level of granularity are said to be atomic data.
True
(T/F) Denormalization produces a lower normal form.
True
(T/F) Dependency diagrams are very helpful in getting a bird's-eye view of all the relationships among a table's attributes.
False
(T/F) Every PL/SQL block must be given a name.
True
(T/F) In most modern relational DBMSs, a new database implementation requires the creation of special storage-related constructs to house the end-user tables.
True
(T/F) In the context of partial dependencies, data redundancies occur because every row entry requires duplication of data.
True
(T/F) Just like database triggers, stored procedures are stored in the database.
True
(T/F) Systems analysis establishes the need for an information system and its extent.
Which comparison operator indicates a value is not equal?
<>
Persistent Storage Module (PSM)
A _____ is a block of code containing standard SQL statements and procedural extensions that is stored and executed at the DBMS server.
Repeating group
A relational table must not contain a(n) _____.
What is a data model?
A simple representation of complex real-world data structures, they are useful for supporting a specific problem domain.
DROP
A table can be deleted from the database by using the _____ TABLE command.
It has no multivalued dependencies
A table is in 4NF if it is in 3NF, and _____
It has no multivalued dependencies
A table is in 4NF if it is in 3NF, and _____.
3NF
A table that is in 2NF and contains no transitive dependencies is said to be in ______.
4NF
A table where all attributes are dependent on the primary key but are independent of each other, and no row contains two or more multivalued facts about an entity is said to be in ____.
Implicit
A(n) _____ cursor is automatically created in procedural SQL when the SQL statement returns only one value.
A(n) ____ is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement.
Alias
ALTER
All changes in a table structure are made using the _____ TABLE command, followed by a keyword that produces the specific changes a user wants to make.
Cannot be further subdivided.
An atomic attribute _____.
Prime
An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) ____ attribute.
Temporary
An example of denormalization is using a _____ denormalized table to hold report data. This is required when creating a tabular report in which the columns represent data that are stored in the table as rows.
A(n) ____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
Attribute
Determines
Attribute A _____ attribute B if all of the rows in the table that agree in value for attribute A also agree in value for attribute B.
Primary
Because a partial dependency can exist only when a table's primary key is composed of several attributes, a table whose _____ key consists of only a single attribute is automatically in 2NF once it is in 1NF.
The SQL command that allows a user to permanently save data changes is _____.
COMMIT
Attribute
Characteristic of an entity
Each table _____ represents an attribute.
Column
Discipline-specific Database
Contains data focused on specific subject areas.
Cloud Database
Created and maintained using cloud data services that provide defined performance measures for the database.
Database Management System (DBMS)
Creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security. Serves as an intermediary between the user and the database.
Metadata
Data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and managed.
A _______ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.
Data dictionary
Centralized Database
Data located at a single site
2NF
Data warehouse routinely uses _____ structures in its complex, multilevel, multisource data environment.
Operational Database
Designed to support a company's day-to-day operations.
Analysis
Discovery of user requirements, existing system evaluation, and logical system design are part of the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
_____ is a relational set operator.
EXCEPT
A relationship is an association between ____.
Entities
A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model
Entity
(T/F) A disadvantage of the relational database management system (RDBMS) is its inability to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user.
False
(T/F) All SQL commands must be issued on a single line.
False
(T/F) An advantage of database systems is that you needn't perform frequent updates and apply the latest patches.
False
(T/F) Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.
False
(T/F) Data and information are essentially the same thing.
False
(T/F) Field refers to a collection of related records.
False
(T/F) One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.
False
(T/F) Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, can define functional dependence.
False
(T/F) Referential integrity and participation are both bidirectional, meaning that they must be addressed in both directions along a relationship.
False
(T/F) The one-to-many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational model by putting the foreign key of the "1" side in the table of the "many" side as a primary key.
False
(T/F) The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent
False
A ____ is a collection of related records.
File
A ____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.
Foreign key
2NF
From a structural point of view, 3NF is better than _____.
The ____ command restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition.
HAVING
Atomicity
Improving _____ leads to more flexible queries.
Flexibility
In a real-world environment, we must strike a balance between design integrity and ____.
____ is the result of revealing of raw facts.
Information
Database design is a(n) ______ process based on repetition.
Iterative
In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.
Keys
What is/are file system redux?
Modern end-user productivity tools.
A(n) ______ join links tables by selecting only the rows with common values in their common attributes(s).
Natural
Database Administrator
Once the data has been loaded into the database, the _____ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints.
Ideally, an entity identifier is composed of ____ attribute(s).
One
Entity
Person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored.
The response of the DBMS to a query is the _____.
Query result set
End-user data
Raw facts of interest to end user
A ____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.
Record
MySQL is an example of the ______.
Relational data model
A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model?
Relationship
A(n) ___ is bidirectional
Relationship
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Represents data elements in textual format.
A(n) ____ query specifies which data should be retrieved and how it should be filtered, aggregated, and displayed.
SELECT
INSERT
SQL requires the use of the _____ command to enter data into a table.
4NF
Some very specialized applications may require normalization beyond the ______.
If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then it is existence-independent, and it is referred to as a(n) ____ entity.
Strong
A(n) ____ is a query that is embedded (or nested) inside another query.
Subquery
ROLLBACK
The _____ command is used to restore the database to its previous condition.
Which of the following is true of business rules?
They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.
Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?
They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
Why were hierarchical models created?
They were developed to manage large amounts of data for complex manufacturing projects. Considered a (1:M) one-to-many relationship.
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Tools for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse.
(T/F) A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute.
True
(T/F) A data dictionary is sometimes described as "the database designer's database" because it records the design decisions about tables and their structures.
True
(T/F) A database language enables the user to perform complex queries designed to transform the raw data into useful information.
True
(T/F) A weak entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.
True
(T/F) As rare as 1:1 relationships should be, certain conditions absolutely require their use.
True
(T/F) Business rules must be rendered in writing.
True
(T/F) In the Chen and Crow's Foot notations, an entity is represented with a rectangle containing the entity's name.
True
(T/F) RDBMSs enforce integrity rules automatically.
True
(T/F) Structure is based on the type of processing to be performed on the data?
True
(T/F) The COUNT function is designed to tally the number of non-null "values" of an attribute and is often used in conjunction with the DISTINCT clause.
True
A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity.
Unary
A ______ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.
Weak
