Dep3404 Exam 2

The average time from diagnosis to death of individuals with Alzheimer's disease is approximately (for men and women combined):

5 years

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are biological changes in the brain associated with which specific disease?

Alzheimer's disease

A frequently-used neuropsychological test to evaluate executive functioning, the ____________ involves having the individual connect letters and numbers in sequence.

Trail-Making Test

The form of amnesia in which people are unable to learn anything new is known as:

anterograde

The older adults least likely to take advantage of strategies to improve their memory are low in which type of memory-related belief?

controllability

Approximately ____% pf American Indian/Native American women ages 18 years and older have an estimated prevalence of diagnosed diabetes.

15

Which sex and racial/ethnicity group has the highest rates of new cancer cases and deaths per year?

Black males

People with a Type __ personality have high levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression but try to suppress those feelings.

D

Epidemiologists believe that which factor plays an important role in creating risk within the "stroke belt" in the southeastern U.S.?

Unhealthy diets

Performance on the Everyday Problems Test by older adults shows that their scores are related to:

individual reaction time.

Which of the following is a poorly defined problem that might create difficulties for older adults who lack computer expertise?

installing new software that has no printed instructions.

Performing a response as soon as you see a target on a screen is known as a ____________ reaction time task.

simple

The five broad areas in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence include motor, perception, controlled attention, knowledge, and:

speed

The moral dilemma known as the ____________ illustrates the relativism in post-formal and dialectical thinking?

trolley problem

The personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were reported, in a large study across 10 cohorts, to be related to which aspect of cognition?

verbal fluency

According to economists, the shape of happiness in adulthood follows which basic pattern?

decline then increase

The trolley problem, in which you must decide whether to take action to save the five or do nothing to save the one, illustrates which feature of adult cognition?

dialectical thinking

In Vaillant's approach to defense mechanisms, which of the following is considered intermediate between immature and mature?

displacement

Which component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves damage to the alveoli, or air sacs?

emphysema

In the form of cognitive intervention known as ___________, an older adult plays videogames while working out on a stationary cycle.

exergaming

An experimental study of problem-solving in older compared to younger monkeys showed that the older monkeys were hampered by which factor?

memory problems

Older adults may experience difficulties in ___________ memory, in which they have to remember to complete a task at a certain time in the future.

prospective

The quality of ____________ describes individuals who are characteristically able to cope with challenging life situations.

resilience

Recommendations to help older adults improve their driving include which of the following steps?

Drive during daylight and in good weather.

Which factor in the Five Factor Model reflects the extent to which a person is cooperative and helpful?

Agreeableness.

According to AgeFeed, which of the following is characteristic of a poor problem-solver?

Avoid thinking about worst-case scenarios

The hormone known as _________ was found, in a Mayo Clinic study, to have potentially beneficial effects on cognition in women.

IGF-1

Which of the following is a myth vs. a fact about personality and aging?

Pessimists report a higher quality of life because they're less likely to be disappointed.

An older adult experiencing changes in executive functioning would be affected in which type of everyday task?

Planning the steps needed to prepare a meal.

As pointed out in AgeFeed, which of the following is an example of using mnemonics?

Rhyming a person's name with something about the person.

What term did Levinson use to describe the pattern of an individual's total situation at one point in time?

life structure

The disease in which individuals experience thinning or wearing away of the cartilage at the end of the bones is known as:

osteoarthritis

Which of the following behaviors is known to be a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

overweight

People who use emotion-focused coping are most likely to try to change ___________ when they have to deal with a life stress.

their mood

Although they each have differing exact patterns of symptoms, all forms of neurocognitive disorder have as a defining feature which type of change?

Declines in memory

Which form of neurocognitive disorder is considered reversible in that, with timely intervention, can be successfully treated? Parkinson's disease

Delirium

A 65-year-old woman is concerned that her 77-year-old husband may be experiencing changes in his driving ability. To assess whether this is true, she takes him to a driving assessment lab where, in a simulator, they test him on this key driving skill indicator:

Useful Field of View

In a study comparing Dutch and U.S. older adults in identity processes, Americans were more likely to use identity assimilation in relation to which aspect of their sense of self?

age

Training older individuals to use ______________ to encode information can help improve performance on episodic memory tasks.

deep processing

Researchers studying the relationship between stress and memory performance in older adults suggest that __________________ accounts for the poorer memories of people who report high daily stressors.

drains on attentional resources

Possible selves theory proposes that people thinking about the future try to avoid their __________ future self.

feared

Being able to use abstract symbols and logic to get to solutions are key abilities included in which of Piaget's stages?

formal operations.

A greater reliance on __________ may lead older problem solvers to make errors when approaching familiar problems.

heuristics

Because they have difficulty in working memory, older adults find it more challenging to:

keep information actively in min

A 58-year-old man with a waist size of 41 inches is concerned because he's just seen an online news story about metabolic syndrome, a condition he fears he has because it's defined as including:

low fasting glucose levels.

The World Health Organization reports that, around the world, the majority of individuals with neurocognitive disorder are found in countries that are:

low to middle income

The tendency to engage in _______________ would show up in neuropsychological testing of an older adult in as repeating the same words on tests of verbal fluency when asked to produce words that all begin with the same letter.

perseveration

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, and:

physical inactivity.

You've known one of the closest friends of your parents for almost your entire life, and for that entire time has worked for the same company, lived in the same house, and even travelled to the same vacation spot every summer. You feel that this highly predictable and stable person most closely fits the _____________ pathway, as described in the RALS.

straight and narrow

Which protein within the neuron disintegrates in the formation of a neurofibrillary tangle?

tau

The primary reason that researchers currently are unable to establish the efficacy of medications to treat Alzheimer's disease is that:

there is lack of evidence for a single disease mechanism.

For older adults, being high in memory self-efficacy means that they believe:

they can successfully complete memory tasks.

Bilingual older adults appear to have greater difficulty than monolinguals in which type of cognitive task?

working memory

Research on the efficacy of dietary supplements for improving memory in older adults provides at least some support for:

antioxidant vitamins.

The four components of scaffolding theory are engagement, exercise, cognitive training and:

imagining.

AgeFeed points out that engaging in dance classes, for older adults, can have what effects?

mental stimulation

In Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, the idea that older adults, or people thinking about a limited future, show a ___________ in memory.

positivity effect

The part of the brain that seems most related to fluid intelligence test scores in later adulthood is the:

prefrontal cortex.

The idea that the ego plays a central role in behavior is most closely associated with which theoretical perspective in personality psychology?

psychodynamic

The Mills College study of development, begun by Helson in the 1950s, showed the importance of midlife of feeling a sense of ________ in life.

purpose

The primary advantage of using a Brinley plot to understand aging and reaction time is that it shows:

relative difficulty of speeded tasks for older compared to younger adults.

According to AgeFeed, which of the following is characteristic of a good problem-solver?

View problems like learning opportunities.

Which of the five pathways identified in the RALS comes closest to the identity achieved status?

authentic road

A survey of U.S. adults testing the midlife crisis found that _____% of adults tested reported they had experienced this period in their lives.

26

According to the World Health Organization, non-communicable diseases (NCD's) accounted for what percent of deaths worldwide?

41

The ___________ Predicament Model proposes that older adults can develop cognitive declines when treated as if they are children.

Communication

Elderspeak is an obvious way to determine whether an older adult is being subjected to which process?

infantilization

As pointed out in socioemotional selectivity theory, people who value the _________ function of their relationships want to seek advice and practical tips from the people with whom they spend time.

informational

Researchers who study the effect of videogames on attentional abilities and speed on long-term young adult players note the need to caution for:

self-selection bias.

Studies on the attraction effect in problem-solving show that older adults:

are less likely to change their preferences in response to a lure.

An increasing number of adult learners are seeking classes in which specific area of study?

English as a Second Language

The use of method of loci as a memory strategy to help older adults involves which set of steps?

associating items with rooms in the home.

Although older airline pilots have fewer fatal accidents than their younger counterparts, researchers report that their performance may be negatively affected by:

disrupted sleep schedules.

An older man calls his credit card company to make an inquiry about a recent charge. When prompted to type in the number, he pulls out the card to double check it, even though he is almost always able to recite it when needed without having to look at the car His uncertainty about the credit card number, in this case, is an example of his low:

memory self-efficacy.

Increases in which condition among older adults are thought to be related to greater prevalence of diabetes?

metabolic syndrome

According to Levinson, the period in between early and middle adulthood is known as the:

midlife transition

In the defense mechanism of ____________, you take great pleasure in being able to help people without expecting favors in return.

altruism

Longitudinal research following the Sisters of Notre Dame provided support for which potential protective factor in Alzheimer's disease?

mental activity