Dev Psych Chapter 9

Stacey has a vocabulary of about 500 words, and she frequently asks, "What's that?" How old is Stacey likely to be? 4 6 2 3

2

Which of the following statements about Head Start is true? Children from low-income families, or in rural areas, or with disabilities benefit the most. All employ teacher-centered approaches. All use the same curriculum and work to achieve the same goals. Its long-lasting beneficial effects are well documented.

Children from low-income families, or in rural areas, or with disabilities benefit the most

Which of the following statements is true about theory of mind? An only child will likely have a more advanced theory of mind than a child with older siblings. Culture does not seem to have an impact on theory of mind. Socioeconomic status seems to have a significant influence on theory of mind. Culture and social interactions influence theory of mind.

Culture and social interactions influence theory of mind.

Which of the following early-intervention programs did not consistently enroll children for years nor was it research-based? Child-Parent Centers Perry Program Abecedarian Program Head Start

Head Start

Henry attends a preschool with a low teacher/child ratio and ample opportunity for creative expression. Henry is engaged in a long-term art project that he chose in which he is making dinosaurs out of clay. Which child-centered approach does Henry's preschool most likely resemble? Montessori intervention Head Start Reggio Emilia

Reggio Emilia

Which child-centered approach to early-childhood education places the most emphasis on individual differences, neither requiring children to engage in prescribed learning activities nor using any large-group instruction? Reggio Emilia intervention Montessori Head Start

Reggio Emilia

Which of the following is a recent goal of Head Start? Parents and teachers must communicate and cooperate with each other. The implementation of a teacher-directed program approach. The standard curriculum categories that the program provides. Staff members have to have an early-education degree to work in centers.

The implementation of a teacher-directed program approach.

Which of the following is a recent goal of Head Start? The implementation of a teacher-directed program approach. Parents and teachers must communicate and cooperate with each other. Staff members have to have an early-education degree to work in centers. The standard curriculum categories that the program provides.

The implementation of a teacher-directed program approach.

How can Vygotsky's theory be associated with the development of math skills?

When adults help children with math, they should present challenges, offer assistance, add important information, and encourage motivation.

What was the curricular approach in the three early-intervention programs described in the text? child-centered Piaget-focused a combination of child-centered and teacher-directed teacher-directed

a combination of child-centered and teacher-directed

What was the curricular approach in the three early-intervention programs described in the text? child-centered Piaget-focused teacher-directed a combination of child-centered and teacher-directed

a combination of child-centered and teacher-directed

Early childhood is __________ for language learning. a critical period a sensitive period neither a critical nor a sensitive period both a critical and a sensitive period

a sensitive period

The term for the time when language learning is most easily and readily accomplished is: a preoperational period. a zone of proximal development. a sensitive period. a critical period.

a sensitive period.

Children benefit in intellectual flexibility when they:

become equally fluent in two languages.

The social mediation function of speech occurs as mentors guide mentees in all of the following EXCEPT: following routines. developing memories. the zone of proximal development. learning numbers.

developing memories.

The social mediation function of speech occurs as mentors guide mentees in all of the following EXCEPT: learning numbers. following routines. developing memories. the zone of proximal development.

developing memories.

The process by which children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called: guided participation. scaffolding. conservation. fast-mapping.

fast-mapping.

Theory of mind:

gradually develops but typically appears by age 4.

Montessori schools emphasize: individual pride and accomplishment. artistic expression. group activities and projects. pretend and dramatic play.

individual pride and accomplishment.

Four-year-old Kanaan's mother makes him a ham and cheese sandwich for lunch. However, Kanaan refuses to eat the sandwich, stating "not like cheese." When Kanaan's mother removes the cheese from the sandwich, he still refuses to eat and again states "not like cheese." This is an example of: irreversibility. static reasoning. egocentrism. concentration.

irreversibility

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child thinking that once something has occurred nothing can be undone? static reasoning magical thinking egocentrism irreversibility

irreversibility

Preschools benefit early-childhood learning by providing opportunities for children to get practice in: language skills. emotion expression. all of these are correct. attachment.

language skills.

Vygotsky's term for a person who has more knowledge and directs a child's learning, understanding, and skills is: apprentice. scaffolder. mentor. coach.

mentor

When asked how she likes her dinner, Samantha replied, "I likeded the pizza most!" Her exclamation would be best described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood? inappropriate use of articles overregularization fast-mapping generalization

overregularization

The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or she should not is: syntax extension. overregularization. fast-mapping. scaffolding.

overregularization.

Two-year-old Erich tells his father, "Put your shoes on your foots." This is an example of: expressive language. receptive language. overregularization. fast-mapping.

overregularization.

Which of the following is a result of executive function? phonics awareness social skills mathematical skills planning behavior

planning behavior

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through: making children "read to learn." self-direction and discovery. following adult directions. academics.

self-direction and discovery.

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through: self-direction and discovery. following adult directions. academics. making children "read to learn."

self-direction and discovery.

When an adult is unable to fast-map, his or her learning is: accelerated. stabilized. forgotten. slowed.

slowed.

According to research, children who are exposed to more than one language in early childhood: become confused and are unable to separate the two languages. can become fluent in one of the languages but not the other. usually end up with impaired language development. sometimes engage in code-switching while speaking.

sometimes engage in code-switching while speaking.

This is the belief that nothing changes, which is a characteristic of preoperational thought. focus on appearance static reasoning animism symbolic thought

static reasoning

This is a major accomplishment of preoperational intelligence that allows a child to do such things as understand that words can refer to things not seen and that an item can be used to represent something else. animism centration focus on appearance symbolic thought

symbolic thought

One explanation for immigrant children to "language shift" is: role reversal. their egocentrism. their stranger anxiety. fast-mapping.

their egocentrism.

A valuable trait of young children that aids in language development is that they: understand conservation. have empathy for others. are careful about pronouncing new words correctly. uncritically talk a lot.

uncritically talk a lot.

According to Vygotsky, children learn because their mentors do all of the following EXCEPT: encourage motivation. add crucial information. present challenges. withhold assistance.

withhold assistance.