Dev Psych Test 4

Kohlberg's conventional stage

- Ages 10-13 - Stages 3 and 4 - performing right roles

Kohlberg's postconventional stage

- Ages 13+ - Stages 5 and 6 - Shared standards rights and duties

Kohlberg's preconventional level

- values in external events - Ages 4-10 - Stages 1 and 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A distorted body image

Which of the following best describes a crowd?

A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group

Identify a true statement about friendships in adolescence.

Adolescents and their friends typically belong to the same age, race, and gender.

Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in cognitive abilities?

As a group, females surpass males in verbal ability throughout their lives.

In the context of adolescent suicide, which of the following statements is true?

Drug abuse is a warning sign of suicidal tendencies.

Identify a true statement about adolescents.

During adolescence, individuals may develop a less idealized view of their parents.

In the context of the development of identity in humans, which of the following is an assumption made by Erik Erikson?

Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters.

Kohlberg's stage 3

Good boy nice girl orientation - Children want to please and help others, they can judge others and develop their own ideas of what a good person is

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 6?

It relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity

Kolgberg's stage 4

Law and Order orientation - Social system and conscience. ("What if everybody did it?")

Which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?

Most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out.

Kohlberg's Stage 2

Naive instrumental orientation - Children conform to rules out of self interest and consideration for what others can do for them in return

In the context of adolescent employment, which of the following scenarios is true about adolescents who work for more than 11 to 13 hours a week?

Rajat, an Asian American student, notices a fall in his grade point average since he has started working.

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem?

Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13.

Which of the following statements is true of sexual behavior?

Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns.

Which of the following statements is true of the development of sexual identity?

Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times.

Kohlberg's stage 5

Social-contract orientation - Morality of contract of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law

Which of the following is a difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics?

The primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent girls?

They are more likely than boys to have a smaller, exclusive network of friends.

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the gonads?

They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of sex hormones.

Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents in the stage of identity diffusion?

They tend to be alienated and rebellious.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents?

adolescents interact more with their mothers than their fathers

Which of the following is a stimulant?

amphetamine

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as:

curfews

At age 20 or 21, men stop growing taller because testosterone causes _____, which prevents the long bones from making further gains in length.

epiphyseal closure

Amelia's teachers are of the opinion that she can become a successful lawyer and encourage her to achieve that goal. Inspired by their encouragement, she plans to study business law in college. However, she takes this decision without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, this scenario exemplifies the stage of

foreclosure

In the _____ status, individuals make commitments without considering alternatives.

foreclosure

Ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. She has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. In this scenario, Ava has a _____ orientation.

homosexual

Ethan likes to sing and play the guitar and wants to pursue a career in country music. However, his parents advise him to take up a traditional career option. Finally, after considering other career options, he decides to pursue his passion. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Ethan is most likely in the _____ stage.

identity achievement

Nikita is a 15-year-old girl. Her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. She has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Nikita is most likely in the _____ stage.

identity diffusion

Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new dress that she recently bought from a boutique. She is quite self-conscious about how she's looking in the dress and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing her outfit. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

imaginary audience

Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa, _____.

is connected with irregular menstrual cycles

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?

it distorts perception

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?

it helps users relax and elevates their moods

Unlike childhood peer groups, adolescent peer groups:

may include more members of the opposite gender

Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is:

more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

Jared received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from his dad for his seventeenth birthday. As a result, he has become quite popular among his schoolmates. He often brags about his new car and takes his friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. He believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. He considers himself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

personal fable

Kohlberg's three levels of moral development

preconvential conventional postcoventional

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles.

psychological moratorium

Kohlberg's Stage 1

punishment and obedience orientation - children obey rules to avoid punishment

_____ are physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction.

secondary sex characteristics

Running away from home is an example of a(n):

status offense

In the context of adolescent development, which of the following statements is true of junior high school?

teachers in junior high typically allow less student input and exert more control than teachers in elementary school.

_____ describes women who have low availability of energy, menstrual problems, and lessened bone density.

the female athlete triad

Calcium intake is particularly important for females to:

to prevent osteoporosis earlier in life

Kohlberg's stage 6

universal ethical principle orientation - Morality of universal ethical principles, people do what they think is right regardless of legal restrictions or the opinions of others